SIFAT FISIK EDIBLE FILM KARAGENAN RUMPUT LAUT Euchema cottonii

  SIFAT FISIK EDIBLE FILM KARAGENAN RUMPUT LAUT Euchema cottonii   PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF Eucheuma cottonii SEAWEED CARRAGEENAN EDIBLE FILM   Anna M. Corputty1, M. R. Wenno 2, S. Lewerissa2 1 Mahasiswa Program Studi Teknologi Hasil Perikanan Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Pattimura. Jl. Mr. Chr. Soplanit. Poka Ambon Maluku 2Staf Pengajar Jurusan Teknologi Hasil Perikanan Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas pattimura. Jl. Mr. Chr. Soplanit. Poka. Ambon. Maluku *E-mail: [email protected]   ABSTRAK   Edible film merupakan salah satu alternatif kemasan yang dapat diaplikasikan pada bahan pangan karena sifatnya yang dapat terurai secara alami (biodegradable) sehingga ramah lingkungan, terbuat dari bahan yang aman bagi kesehatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan menentukan konsentrasi  karagenan dari rumput laut Euchema cottonii yang menghasilkan edible film dengan sifat fisik yang terbaik. Pada pembuatan edible film terdapat dua perlakuan konsentrasi karagenan (2,5% dan 3%). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan menggunakan dua plasticizer (gliserol dan sorbitol). Parameter yang dianalisis, yaitu Ketebalan, Kelarutan dan Laju Transmisi Uap Air (Water Vapour Transmission Rate/ WVTR). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sifat fisik edible film yang tebaik yaitu : Ketebalan pada plasticizer gliserol konsentrasi karagenan 2,5% dengan nilai 0,071 mm, Kelarutan pada plasticizer gliserol konsentrasi 3% dengan nilai 98,57%, WVTR pada plasticizer sorbitol konsentrasi karagenan 3% dengan nilai 34,153 g/m2. Maka hasil yang didapat menunjukan bahwa baik konsentrasi karagenan maupun plasticizer berpengaruh pada sifat fisik dan mekanik edible film yang dihasilkan. Kata kunci : karagenan, plasticizer, edible film ABSTRACT   Edible film is an alternative packaging that can be applied to food because it is biodegradable so it is environmentally friendly, made from materials that are safe for health. The aim of this research is to determine and determine the concentration of carrageenan from Euchema cottonii seaweed which produces edible film with the best physical properties. In making edible film there are two carrageenan concentration treatments (2.5% and 3%). The method used in this research is an experimental method using two plasticizers (glycerol and sorbitol). The parameters analyzed are thickness, solubility and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). The results of the research show that the best physical properties of edible film are: Thickness of the glycerol plasticizer with a carrageenan concentration of 2.5% with a value of 0.071 mm, solubility in the 3% concentration of the glycerol plasticizer with a value of 98.57%, WVTR for the sorbitol plasticizer with a carrageenan concentration of 3% with value 34.153 g/m2. So the results obtained show that both the concentration of carrageenan and the plasticizer have an effect on the physical and mechanical properties of the edible film produced. Keywords: carrageenan, plasticizer, edible film   &nbsp

Teaching and learning special relativity theory in secondary and lower undergraduate education: A literature review

This review presents an overview and analysis of the body of research on special relativity theory (SRT) education at the secondary and lower undergraduate level. There is currently a growing international interest in implementing SRT in pre-university education as an introduction to modern physics. For this reason, insights into learning opportunities and challenges in SRT education are needed. The field of research in SRT education is still at an early stage, especially at the level of secondary education, and there is a shortage of empirical evaluation of learning outcomes. In order to guide future research directions, there is a need for an overview and synthesis of the results reported so far. We have selected 40 articles and categorized them according to reported learning difficulties, teaching approaches, and research tools. Analysis shows that students at all educational levels experience learning difficulties with the use of frames of reference, the postulates of SRT, and relativistic effects. In the reported teaching sequences, instructional materials, and learning activities, these difficulties are approached from different angles. Some teaching approaches focus on thought experiments to express conceptual features of SRT, while others use virtual environments to provide realistic visualization of relativistic effects. From the reported teaching approaches, three learning objectives can be identified: to foster conceptual understanding, to foster understanding of the history and philosophy of science, and to gain motivation and confidence toward SRT and physics in general. In order to quantitatively compare learning outcomes of different teaching strategies, a more thorough evaluation of assessment tools is required

PENGENALAN DAN ADVOKASI TERUMBU KARANG BAGI SISWA SD NEGERI 1 POKA, KOTA AMBON

Kegiatan PKm dengan mengambil tema pengenalan dan advokasi terumbu karang bagi siswa Sekolah Dasar Negeri 1 Poka, memiliki arti yang sangat penting dalam menanamkan rasa empati dan cinta siswa terhadap terumbu karang. Secara umum kegiatan PKm ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan tingkat pengetahuan dan pemahaman siswa tentang terumbu karang dan ekosistemnya. Untuk mencapai hasil yang baik maka kegiatan PKm ini dilaksanakan dengan memakai beberapa bentuk metode pembelajaran seperti pemutaran video, ceramah, partisipatif, pemberian materi edukasi, evaluasi dengan menggunakan lembar pre-test dan post test untuk mengevaluasi pengetahuan dan pemahaman siswa. Hasil kegiatan PKm ini menunjukan bahwa terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan dan pemahaman siswa terhadap terumbu karang dari 2,27% – 29,55% menjadi 86,36% - 100%. Tercipta kesadaran dan perubahan sifat siswa yang cinta terhadap terumbu karang serta berempati terhadap kerusakan lingkungan yang terjadi dan menjadi penyebab rusaknya ekosistem terumbu karang. Selain itu, Tercipta sifat kreatif dan inovatif dari siswa dalam merancang kalimat advokasi bagi perlindungan ekosistem terumbu karang secara lestari

PENGARUH TERAPI MUSIK KLASIK TERHADAP PERUBAHAN GEJALA DAN FUNGSI PADA PASIEN RAWAT INAP SKIZOFRENIA DI RUMAH SAKIT KHUSUS DAERAH PROVINSI MALUKU

Schizophrenia is a syndrome with a variety unknown causes and a wide course of disease, as well as a number of consequences that depend on consideration of genetic, physical, and cultural influences. Schizophrenic patients have three symptoms: positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and symptoms of disorganization, which  have an impact on the patient's function to interact with family, school, work, environment, religion and social. Classical music therapy is useful for relaxation, perception improvement, concentration, and can increase intrapersonal contact. This study aims to determine the effect of classical music therapy on symptom and function changes in schizophrenic patients hospitalized in the sub-acute section of the Maluku Province Regional Special Hospital. This research is an analytical research with an experimental approach. The subjects were 10 schizophrenic patients who were taken with purposive sampling technique which was included in one group pre test-posttest. Data collection was carried out by using the observation of the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF Scale) before and after being treated by Ludwig Van Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 classical music in seven sessions for seven times in schizophrenic patients. Symptom and function changes of schizophrenic patients will be compared and analyzed by using the Wilcoxon test. The results found that on average, ten schizophrenic patients had symptoms and functions change measured by GAF Scale scores before classical music treatment was 51-60, but after classical music treatment, there was an increase in GAF Scale score, as much as 50% to 61-70 and 50% to be 71-80. So, it can be conclude that classical music therapy can reduce the symptoms and improve general function in schizophrenic patients hospitalized.  Skizofrenia adalah sindrom dengan variasi penyebab, dan perjalanan penyakit yang luas, tergantung pada pertimbangan pengaruh genetik, fisik, dan budaya. Pasien skizofrenia memiliki tiga gejala yaitu gejala positif, gejala negatif, dan gejala disorganisasi, yang berdampak pada fungsi pasien untuk berinteraksi dengan keluarga, sekolah, pekerjaan, lingkungan, agama, dan sosial. Terapi musik klasik bermanfaat untuk merelaksasi, memperbaiki presepsi, konsentrasi, dan dapat meningkatkan kontak intrapersonal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi musik klasik terhadap perubahan gejala dan fungsi pada pasien skizofrenia rawat inap bagian subakut di Rumah Sakit Khusus Daerah Provinsi Maluku. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan eksperimental. Subyek penelitian berjumlah 10 orang pasien skizofrenia yang diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling dan dikelompokan dalam one group pretest-posttest. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi menggunakan Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF Scale) sebelum dan sesudah diterapi musik klasik Symphony No 9 karya Ludwig Van Beethoven, dalam  waktu 30 menit setiap sesi selama tujuh kali pada pasien skizofrenia. Perubahan gejala dan fungsi pasien skizofrenia akan dibandingkan dan dianalisa dengan menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa  rata-rata kesepuluh pasien skizofrenia memiliki  skor GAF Scale sebelum diterapi musik klasik yaitu 51-60, namun setelah diterapi musik klasik terjadi peningkatan skor GAF Scale, sebanyak 50% menjadi 61-70 dan 50% menjadi 71-80. Jadi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terapi musik klasik dapat menurunkan gejala yang dirasakan dan meningkatkan fungsi secara umum pasien skizofrenia yang dirawat inap

Ideal Government Policy In Fulfilling The Social and Cultural Economic Rights of Sangir Philippine Citizens

Introduction: Fulfillment of economic, social and cultural rights is a reflection of guaranteeing human rights. However, the economic, social and cultural rights of every citizen must be supported by their status as a citizen. Because a person's citizenship status has the effect of giving them a number of rights as a citizen. This problem occurs for Sangir Filipino residents whose citizenship status is unclear. Purposes of the Research: Is to examine and analyze the ideal policies taken by the government, especially the regional government of Bitung City, North Sulawesi Province, in addressing issues that provide economic, social and cultural rights for Sangir Filipino residents who have unclear citizenship status, so that this has an impact. on Providing their rights as part of providing human rights. Methods of the Research: In this research is normative juridical research using statutory regulations and a contextual approach. The sources of legal materials used in this research are primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. This legal material was obtained through literature review and then explained qualitatively. Results of the Research: Show that the citizenship status of Sangir Filipino residents does not clearly have an impact on the provision of economic, social and cultural rights. There is a need for policies by the Regional Government and the Central Government, such as updating national laws that simplify the citizenship registration process, providing outreach to Sangir Filipino residents about the importance of a clear citizenship status, and the need for participation from all elements of society in order to overcome this problem

KOMPOSISI KIMIA DAN PROFIL ASAM AMINO DARI HIDROLISAT ENZIMATIK DAGING IKAN KEMBUNG (Rastrelliger sp.)

Mackerel is a fish that has important economic value. This fish, apart from containing a high nutritional composition such as protein, vitamins and minerals, also contains omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids. The high protein content of mackerel can be utilized as a protein hydrolyzate. Fish protein hydrolyzate is produced from the process of breaking down fish protein into simple peptides and amino acids through hydrolysis by enzymes, acids or bases. The aim of the study was to determine the chemical composition and amino acid profile of mackerel meat protein hydrolyzate. The method used in this study is the experimental method (experiment). The chemical composition of fresh mackerel and hydrolyzate were protein 5.34% and 20.80%, fat 17.75% and 7.56%, water 74.76% and 67.56%, ash 1.34% and 1.46%, carbohydrates 0.8% and 2.62%. The results of the analysis of amino acids produced 17 types of amino acids consisting of 9 types of essential amino acids and 8 types of non-essential amino acids. The highest essential amino acid was lysine at 12.65% and the lowest was methionine at 1.49% while the highest non-essential amino acid content was glutamic acid at 11.20% and the lowest was cysteine ​​0.20%

ANK2 loss-of-function variants are associated with epilepsy, and lead to impaired axon initial segment plasticity and hyperactive network activity in hiPSC-derived neuronal networks

PURPOSE: To characterize a novel neurodevelopmental syndrome due to loss-of-function (LoF) variants in Ankyrin 2 (ANK2), and to explore the effects on neuronal network dynamics and homeostatic plasticity in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. METHODS: We collected clinical and molecular data of 12 individuals with heterozygous de novo LoF variants in ANK2. We generated a heterozygous LoF allele of ANK2 using CRISPR/Cas9 in human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). HiPSCs were differentiated into excitatory neurons, and we measured their spontaneous electrophysiological responses using micro-electrode arrays (MEAs). We also characterized their somatodendritic morphology and axon initial segment (AIS) structure and plasticity. RESULTS: We found a broad neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD), comprising intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders and early onset epilepsy. Using MEAs, we found that hiPSC-derived neurons with heterozygous LoF of ANK2 show a hyperactive and desynchronized neuronal network. ANK2-deficient neurons also showed increased somatodendritic structures and altered AIS structure of which its plasticity is impaired upon activity-dependent modulation. CONCLUSIONS: Phenotypic characterization of patients with de novo ANK2 LoF variants defines a novel NDD with early onset epilepsy. Our functional in vitro data of ANK2-deficient human neurons show a specific neuronal phenotype in which reduced ANKB expression leads to hyperactive and desynchronized neuronal network activity, increased somatodendritic complexity and AIS structure and impaired activity-dependent plasticity of the AIS

ANALISIS PEMAKAIAN BAHAN BAKAR JETSKI BERTENAGA MOTOR MATIC 115 CC

Perkembangan dunia otomotif sekarang ini sangatlah pesat, terutama pada sepeda motor yang banyak diminati oleh masyarakat sebagai sarana transportasi. Permainan jetski sekarang hanya dimiliki oleh orang-orang kalangan atas, Tentu sangat memprihatinkan dengan geogfrafis Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan dan mempunyai pantai terpanjang dan terindah. Jetski merupakan suatu permainan wisata tirta atau perairan yang menggunakan boat bertenaga motor. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka penulis tertarik melakukan pengujian pemakaian bahan bakar dari modifikasi mesin Jetski bertenaga motor matic mio soul guna mengetahui pemakaian bahan bakar pada putaran rendah, sedang dan tinggi. Dari hasil perhitungan pengujian pemakaian bahan dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin besar putaran mesin maka semakin besar pula pemakaian bahan bakar yang terkonsumsikan oleh kerja mesin jetski bertenaga motor matic mio  soul 115 CC, yaitu pada putaran rendah fuel consumption 1,55928 Kg/Jam sedangkan pada putaran tinggi besar fuel consumption 5,24724 Kg/Jam hal ini disebabkan karena jumlah putaran yang diperbesar berdasarkan pengunaan gas, oleh mesin jetski bertenaga motor matic