Subcellular heterogeneity of ryanodine receptor properties in ventricular myocytes with low T-tubule density

Rationale: In ventricular myocytes of large mammals, not all ryanodine receptor (RyR) clusters are associated with T-tubules (TTs); this fraction increases with cellular remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). Objective: To characterize RyR functional properties in relation to TT proximity, at baseline and after MI. Methods: Myocytes were isolated from left ventricle of healthy pigs (CTRL) or from the area adjacent to a myocardial infarction (MI). Ca2+ transients were measured under whole-cell voltage clamp during confocal linescan imaging (fluo-3) and segmented according to proximity of TTs (sites of early Ca2+ release, F>F50 within 20 ms) or their absence (delayed areas). Spontaneous Ca2+ release events during diastole, Ca2+ sparks, reflecting RyR activity and properties, were subsequently assigned to either category. Results: In CTRL, spark frequency was higher in proximity of TTs, but spark duration was significantly shorter. Block of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) prolonged spark duration selectively near TTs, while block of Ca2+ influx via Ca2+ channels did not affect sparks properties. In MI, total spark mass was increased in line with higher SR Ca2+ content. Extremely long sparks (>47.6 ms) occurred more frequently. The fraction of near-TT sparks was reduced; frequency increased mainly in delayed sites. Increased duration was seen in near-TT sparks only; Ca2+ removal by NCX at the membrane was significantly lower in MI. Conclusion: TT proximity modulates RyR cluster properties resulting in intracellular heterogeneity of diastolic spark activity. Remodeling in the area adjacent to MI differentially affects these RyR subpopulations. Reduction of the number of sparks near TTs and reduced local NCX removal limit cellular Ca2+ loss and raise SR Ca2+ content, but may promote Ca2+ waves

Making Sense:Empowering participatory sensing with transformation design

This paper demonstrates the value of transformation design in participatory sensing anddescribeshow design can inform awareness and develop actions for change to tackle environmental issues. Recent researchadvocatesfor participatory sensing (open data capture through digital platforms) using technology that can assist and inspire citizens in driving environmental change. This paper examines a study aimed at overcoming some of the challenges associated with the sustainability and impact of environmental participatory sensing. Our approachmergesthe fields of participatory sensing and design, and exploreshow transformation design can add an important dynamic in the framing of participatory sensing. It conceptualizes the way thatcommunities increase awareness of environmental issues and take actionto effect positive change. We present a study conducted across three European cities with citizens who were concerned about environmental challenges. Our contribution describes an approach and range of methods for supporting action and chang

Performance of the CMS Cathode Strip Chambers with Cosmic Rays

The Cathode Strip Chambers (CSCs) constitute the primary muon tracking device in the CMS endcaps. Their performance has been evaluated using data taken during a cosmic ray run in fall 2008. Measured noise levels are low, with the number of noisy channels well below 1%. Coordinate resolution was measured for all types of chambers, and fall in the range 47 microns to 243 microns. The efficiencies for local charged track triggers, for hit and for segments reconstruction were measured, and are above 99%. The timing resolution per layer is approximately 5 ns

Performance and Operation of the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter

The operation and general performance of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter using cosmic-ray muons are described. These muons were recorded after the closure of the CMS detector in late 2008. The calorimeter is made of lead tungstate crystals and the overall status of the 75848 channels corresponding to the barrel and endcap detectors is reported. The stability of crucial operational parameters, such as high voltage, temperature and electronic noise, is summarised and the performance of the light monitoring system is presented

Synthesis of macrocyclic receptors with intrinsic fluorescence featuring quinizarin moieties

An unprecedented class of macrocycles with intrinsic fluorescence consisting of phenolic trimers and quinizarin is developed. Though they are lacking strong hydrogen bonds as observed in calixarenes, the two examples introduced here each adopt a vase-like conformation with all four aromatic units pointing in one direction (syn orientation). This “cone” conformation has been confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, molecular modeling, and X-ray crystallography. The laminar, electron-rich fluorophore as part of the macrocycle allows additional contacts to enclosed guest molecules

Integrating Scientific Research: Theory and Design of Discovering Similar Constructs

Assessing the similarity of proposed theoretical constructs to each other and those previously known and studied is imperative in theoretical research. In this paper we turn to theories of similarity judgement from cognitive psychology for the understanding of the process of establishing similarity between one or more constructs. Then, guided by these theories, we develop an integrated method for automatic detection of similar constructs. We apply the method to constructs from leading IS journals, a major journal in psychology, and the interdisciplinary overlap between the IS and psychology constructs. Our paper contributes to methodology of research, design science research, behavioral IS research, text mining and information retrieval theory and practice, IS research on ontology alignment and schema matching as well as cognitive theories of similarity in psycholog

Architectural and Historical Appearance of Polotsk in the Context of the “New Hansa”

Секция II ИСТОРИЯ АРХИТЕКТУРЫ, ГРАДОСТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА И ИСКУССТВАРассмотрен исторический период развития архитектуры Полоцка со средних веков, когда там присутствовала контора Ганзейского союза и до наших дней. На основании изучения различных исторических документов, литературных источников и результатов проведенных археологических раскопок, установлено, что в Полоцке находилась торговая контора Ганзы, которая создавала условия для совершения сделок, следила за соблюдением законов и ганзейских привилегий, обеспечивала без-опасность купцов, предоставляла им кров и выполняла многие другие функции. Однако, русско-литовские войны в начале XVI столетия нанесли сильный удар городу Полоцку и привели к разрушению торговых связей с Ганзейским союзом. Только принятие Полоцка в 2009 году в «Новую Ганзу» дало новый импульс росту престижа Полоцка в европейском пространстве и налаживанию международных связей как в сфере туризма, так и в бизнесе.=The historical period of development of architecture of Polotsk from the Middle Ages, when there was an office of the Hanseatic League and to the present day is considered. Based on the study of various historical documents, literary sources and the results of archaeologi-cal excavations, it was established that in Polotsk there was a Hansa trading office, which created conditions for making transactions, monitored compliance with laws and Hanseatic privileges, ensured the safety of merchants, provided them with shelter and performed many other functions. However, the Russian-Lithuanian wars at the beginning of the XVI century dealt a strong blow to the city of Polotsk and led to the destruction of trade relations with the Hanseatic League. Only the admission of Рolotsk to the "New Hansa" in 2009 gave a new impetus to the growth of Polotsk's prestige in the European space and the establishment of international relations both in the field of tourism and in business

Hansa in the Context of Regeneration of the Upper Castle in Polotsk

Секция I : Архитектура и градостроительство в современных условияхПредставлен анализ истории создания Ганзейского союза в средние века, его торговые связи с Полоцком. Даны проектные предложения по регенерации Восточного (ганзейского) склона на Верхнем Замке города, как важного исторического объекта, который привлечет большее количество туристов и увеличит его экспозиционные возможности.=This article presents an analysis of the history of the Hanseatic League in the middle ages, its trade relations with Polotsk. Project proposals are given for the regeneration of the Eastern (Hanseatic) slope on the Upper Castle of the city, as an important historical site that will attract more tourists and increase its exhibition opportunities

Hansa in the Context of Regeneration of the Upper Castle in Polotsk

Секция I : Архитектура и градостроительство в современных условияхПредставлен анализ истории создания Ганзейского союза в средние века, его торговые связи с Полоцком. Даны проектные предложения по регенерации Восточного (ганзейского) склона на Верхнем Замке города, как важного исторического объекта, который привлечет большее количество туристов и увеличит его экспозиционные возможности.=This article presents an analysis of the history of the Hanseatic League in the middle ages, its trade relations with Polotsk. Project proposals are given for the regeneration of the Eastern (Hanseatic) slope on the Upper Castle of the city, as an important historical site that will attract more tourists and increase its exhibition opportunities

CMS physics technical design report : Addendum on high density QCD with heavy ions

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