Metode Baru Valuasi Ekonomi Dampak Langsung Spesies Asing Invasif Berbasis Kompetisi Makanan pada Ekosistem Perairan

Alien crayfish species (Cherax quadricarinatus and Procambarus clarkii) have been found in some Indonesian area and demonstrated invasive species characters. Despite of their economy benefit the crayfish has potential ecologically disadvantage to be valuated. This study aimed to develop valuation method to estimate economical loss due to alien invasive species on food competition basis in an aquatic ecosystem. This approach was conducted by estimating the potential loss due food competition between invasive species and its inferior competitor. The case study was carried out in the Lido Lake and in an aquaculture site at Cisaat, Sukabumi – West Java. The research results that economic loss due to the disappearance of native Macrobrachium sintangense caused by the existences of single male C. quadricarinatus is 784 IDR and 1,096 for the female in Lido Lake. The potential loss of M. rosenbergii due to the single P. clarkii is 1,416.76 IDR. The difference economic loss is constituted by the quantity of feed taken by the invasive species, and the economic value of competitive inferior species. This method is clearly explained in the method section and is simple to use, but more understandable for limited economics background stakeholders. However, this approach needs robust biological dynamic model. The valuation results become important reference for the policy maker to develop risk analysis in concern of introduced invasive species into an ecosystem. For holistic economic loss value valuation, further studies covering space competition and potential harmful pathogen carrier are warranted.&nbsp

PANC Study (Pancreatitis: A National Cohort Study): national cohort study examining the first 30 days from presentation of acute pancreatitis in the UK

Background Acute pancreatitis is a common, yet complex, emergency surgical presentation. Multiple guidelines exist and management can vary significantly. The aim of this first UK, multicentre, prospective cohort study was to assess the variation in management of acute pancreatitis to guide resource planning and optimize treatment. Methods All patients aged greater than or equal to 18 years presenting with acute pancreatitis, as per the Atlanta criteria, from March to April 2021 were eligible for inclusion and followed up for 30 days. Anonymized data were uploaded to a secure electronic database in line with local governance approvals. Results A total of 113 hospitals contributed data on 2580 patients, with an equal sex distribution and a mean age of 57 years. The aetiology was gallstones in 50.6 per cent, with idiopathic the next most common (22.4 per cent). In addition to the 7.6 per cent with a diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis, 20.1 per cent of patients had a previous episode of acute pancreatitis. One in 20 patients were classed as having severe pancreatitis, as per the Atlanta criteria. The overall mortality rate was 2.3 per cent at 30 days, but rose to one in three in the severe group. Predictors of death included male sex, increased age, and frailty; previous acute pancreatitis and gallstones as aetiologies were protective. Smoking status and body mass index did not affect death. Conclusion Most patients presenting with acute pancreatitis have a mild, self-limiting disease. Rates of patients with idiopathic pancreatitis are high. Recurrent attacks of pancreatitis are common, but are likely to have reduced risk of death on subsequent admissions

Evaluation of appendicitis risk prediction models in adults with suspected appendicitis

Background Appendicitis is the most common general surgical emergency worldwide, but its diagnosis remains challenging. The aim of this study was to determine whether existing risk prediction models can reliably identify patients presenting to hospital in the UK with acute right iliac fossa (RIF) pain who are at low risk of appendicitis. Methods A systematic search was completed to identify all existing appendicitis risk prediction models. Models were validated using UK data from an international prospective cohort study that captured consecutive patients aged 16–45 years presenting to hospital with acute RIF in March to June 2017. The main outcome was best achievable model specificity (proportion of patients who did not have appendicitis correctly classified as low risk) whilst maintaining a failure rate below 5 per cent (proportion of patients identified as low risk who actually had appendicitis). Results Some 5345 patients across 154 UK hospitals were identified, of which two‐thirds (3613 of 5345, 67·6 per cent) were women. Women were more than twice as likely to undergo surgery with removal of a histologically normal appendix (272 of 964, 28·2 per cent) than men (120 of 993, 12·1 per cent) (relative risk 2·33, 95 per cent c.i. 1·92 to 2·84; P < 0·001). Of 15 validated risk prediction models, the Adult Appendicitis Score performed best (cut‐off score 8 or less, specificity 63·1 per cent, failure rate 3·7 per cent). The Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score performed best for men (cut‐off score 2 or less, specificity 24·7 per cent, failure rate 2·4 per cent). Conclusion Women in the UK had a disproportionate risk of admission without surgical intervention and had high rates of normal appendicectomy. Risk prediction models to support shared decision‐making by identifying adults in the UK at low risk of appendicitis were identified

PANC Study (Pancreatitis: A National Cohort Study): national cohort study examining the first 30 days from presentation of acute pancreatitis in the UK

Abstract Background Acute pancreatitis is a common, yet complex, emergency surgical presentation. Multiple guidelines exist and management can vary significantly. The aim of this first UK, multicentre, prospective cohort study was to assess the variation in management of acute pancreatitis to guide resource planning and optimize treatment. Methods All patients aged greater than or equal to 18 years presenting with acute pancreatitis, as per the Atlanta criteria, from March to April 2021 were eligible for inclusion and followed up for 30 days. Anonymized data were uploaded to a secure electronic database in line with local governance approvals. Results A total of 113 hospitals contributed data on 2580 patients, with an equal sex distribution and a mean age of 57 years. The aetiology was gallstones in 50.6 per cent, with idiopathic the next most common (22.4 per cent). In addition to the 7.6 per cent with a diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis, 20.1 per cent of patients had a previous episode of acute pancreatitis. One in 20 patients were classed as having severe pancreatitis, as per the Atlanta criteria. The overall mortality rate was 2.3 per cent at 30 days, but rose to one in three in the severe group. Predictors of death included male sex, increased age, and frailty; previous acute pancreatitis and gallstones as aetiologies were protective. Smoking status and body mass index did not affect death. Conclusion Most patients presenting with acute pancreatitis have a mild, self-limiting disease. Rates of patients with idiopathic pancreatitis are high. Recurrent attacks of pancreatitis are common, but are likely to have reduced risk of death on subsequent admissions. </jats:sec

Management status of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus, 1758) based on EAFM in the coastal of Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi

Abstract The Blue Swimming Crab (BSC) is the main export commodity of Indonesia and one of the BSC agribusinesses in the coastal waters of the Pangkep Regency. However, in recent years, BSC agribusiness in this region has been estimated to be unsustainable. The purpose of this study is to formulate the management of BSC (Portunus pelagicus) resources with the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) in the coastal of the Pangkep Regency. The average value score in the BSC management domain is in the medium category (resource, habitat, economic, and institutional domains); the fishing techniques domain is in the good category, while the social domain is in the poor category. In general, the status of BSC fisheries management is categorized as medium (value = 194.25), therefore it can still be developed and improved. To repair the BSC fisheries management for gradually, tactical decisions were made to enhance the indicator conditions. To make the fishery activities sustainable, recommendations to improve the condition of the BSC fisheries in the Pangkep Regency include strengthening the supervision, improving the seagrass cover, improving coordination among institutions on the BSC fisheries management, and increasing stakeholder participation in the effort to manage the BSC fisheries.</jats:p

Metode Baru Valuasi Ekonomi Dampak Langsung Spesies Asing Invasif Berbasis Kompetisi Makanan pada Ekosistem Perairan

Alien crayfish species (Cherax quadricarinatus and Procambarus clarkii) have been found in some Indonesian area and demonstrated invasive species characters. Despite of their economy benefit the crayfish has potential ecologically disadvantage to be valuated. This study aimed to develop valuation method to estimate economical loss due to alien invasive species on food competition basis in an aquatic ecosystem. This approach was conducted by estimating the potential loss due food competition between invasive species and its inferior competitor. The case study was carried out in the Lido Lake and in an aquaculture site at Cisaat, Sukabumi – West Java. The research results that economic loss due to the disappearance of native Macrobrachium sintangense caused by the existences of single male C. quadricarinatus is 784 IDR and 1,096 for the female in Lido Lake. The potential loss of M. rosenbergii due to the single P. clarkii is 1,416.76 IDR. The difference economic loss is constituted by the quantity of feed taken by the invasive species, and the economic value of competitive inferior species. This method is clearly explained in the method section and is simple to use, but more understandable for limited economics background stakeholders. However, this approach needs robust biological dynamic model. The valuation results become important reference for the policy maker to develop risk analysis in concern of introduced invasive species into an ecosystem. For holistic economic loss value valuation, further studies covering space competition and potential harmful pathogen carrier are warranted.  </jats:p

Etnomedisin dan Fitoterapi

Buku Etnomidisin dan Fitoterapi yang berada di tangan pembaca ini terdiri dari 13 bab yang disusun secara struktur, sebagai berikut : Bab 1 Sejarah Etnomedisin dan Fitoterapi Bab 2 Obat Tradisional di Indonesia Bab 3 Mekanisme Zat Aktif Berkhasiat dan Interaksinya Bab 4 Tumbuhan Obat Berkhasiat sebagai Antihipertensi dan Diuretik Bab 5 Tumbuhan Obat Berkhasiat sebagai Obat Jantung Bab 6 Tumbuhan Obat Berkhasiat sebagai Imunomodulator Bab 7 Tumbuhan Obat Berkhasiat sebagai Antiobesitas Bab 8 Tumbuhan Obat Berkhasiat sebagai Antidiabetes Bab 9 Tumbuhan Obat Berkhasiat sebagai Antikanker Bab 10 Tumbuhan Obat Berkhasiat sebagai Antioksidan Bab 11 Ketoksikan, Kontraindikasi, dan Inkompatibilitas Herbal Medicine dengan Obat Sintetik Bab 12 Ketoksikan, Kontraindikasi, dan Inkompatibilitas Herbal Medicine dengan Makanan Bab 13 Toksikan, Kontraindikasi, Inkombilitas Herbal Medisin dengan Herbal Medisin Lai

Mikrobiologi dan Parasitologi

Penulisan buku ini bertujuan untuk memperkaya ilmu pengetahuan mengenai mikro organism sebagai organisme yang luas terdapat di alam dan memiliki peranan dalam kehidupan. Perlu untuk memahami dasar-dasar kehidupan mikroorganisme, pengendaliannya, kaitannya dengan penyakit, dan pemanfaatannya. Buku ini dibagi dalam 13 bab yang disusun secara terstruktur yaitu : Bab 1 Pengantar Mikrobiologi Bab 2 Bakteriologi Bab 3 Virology Bab 4 Morfologi Mikroorganisme Dan Pengendaliannya Bab 5 Mikologi Bab 6 Teknik Pembuatan Preparat Dan Pewarnaan Sederhana Bab 7 Parasitologi Bab 8 Genetika Mikroba Bab 9 Diagnosa Laboratorium Bab 10 Spermatologi dan Isolasi Bakteri Bab 11 Imunologi Bab 12 Infeksi Nosokomial Bab 13 Pengendalian Mikrob