Biochemical changes during larval development in the short neck clam, Paphia malabarica Chemnitz

Biochemical compositions were determined for eggs, D-shaped larvae, umbo larvae and pediveliger of the short neck clam Paphia malabarica Chemnitz. Spawned eggs were composed of 63.2% protein, 25.4% lipid and 11.4% carbohydrate. After 48 h of embryogenesis, 2.6% of the protein, 11.8% of the lipid and 3.2% of carbohydrate mass had been lost, providing 20.5%,75.4% and 4.1% of the total energy expenditure of 0.2147mJ embryo�1. During 48h of metamorphosis, lipid was utilized ¢rst, followed by a heavy consumption of protein; protein, lipid and carbohydrate lost 23.8%, 50.2% and 32.5% of their mass respectively. Protein and lipid supplied a comparable amount of energy for metamorphosis,34.2% and 55.2%, respectively, whereas, carbohydrate contributed only10.6% to the 2.733mJ larva�l metamorphic energy expenditure

तूत्तुक्कुडी, कारपाड खाडी में मछ्ली के विभिन्न डिंभकों का स्थिर जालीदार पिंजरों में पालन

कृपया पूरा लेखा पढ

Status Kepemilikan Lahan dan Modal Sosial Desa Patengan dan Desa Alam Endah Kecamatan Rancabali Kabupaten Bandung Selatan

Patengan and Alam Endah villages located in the Rancabali District South Bandung. Both villages have identical characteristics to the region that most of the people engaged in agricultural with variations in the tourism sector. The identical characteristic make social capital comparation can be done. Differences in the two villages is contained in land tenure wich unlike Alam Endah Village that have private land tenure, Patengan Village are in state land tenure. The field research was conducted in June 2016. The depth interviews were conducted using a semi-structured questioner developed by Social Capital Assessment Tool (SCAT). Research is done by carefully observing the phenomenon using participant observation approach. Research showed that land tenure have effect on social capital (especially on trust, norm, caring and proactive action element) which happened because public concern over restrictions on access to natural resources increase the value of social capital because people tend to give positive responses to avoid conflict. In contrary, a figure that have influence toward natural resources access followed by other society member makes social capital inevitable increase

Cytotoxic clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa identified during the Steroids for Corneal Ulcers Trial show elevated resistance to fluoroquinolones.

BackgroundTo determine the relationship between type three secretion genotype and fluoroquinolone resistance for P. aeruginosa strains isolated from microbial keratitis during the Steroids for Corneal Ulcers Trial (SCUT) and for two laboratory strains, PA103 and PAO1.MethodsConfirmed P. aeruginosa isolates from the SCUT were divided into exoU(+) or exoU(-). The exoU(+) strains contained the gene encoding ExoU, a powerful phospholipase toxin delivered into host cells by the type three secretion system. Isolates were then assessed for susceptibility to fluoroquinolone, cephalosporin, and aminoglycoside antibiotics using disk diffusion assays. Etest was used to determine the MIC of moxifloxacin and other fluoroquinolones. Laboratory isolates in which the exoU gene was added or deleted were also tested.ResultsA significantly higher proportion of exoU(+) strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin (p = 0.001), gatifloxacin (p = 0.003), and ofloxacin (p = 0.002) compared to exoU(-) isolates. There was no significant difference between exoU(+) or exoU(-) negative isolates with respect to susceptibility to other antibiotics except gentamicin. Infections involving resistant exoU(+) strains trended towards worse clinical outcome. Deletion or acquisition of exoU in laboratory isolates did not affect fluoroquinolone susceptibility.ConclusionsFluoroquinolone susceptibility of P. aeruginosa isolated from the SCUT is consistent with previous studies showing elevated resistance involving exoU encoding (cytotoxic) strains, and suggest worse clinical outcome from infections involving resistant isolates. Determination of exoU expression in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa may be helpful in directing clinical management of patients with microbial keratitis

Remote setting of the yellow clam, Paphia malabarica, and the pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata, in India

Paphia malabarica and Pinctada fucata are two commercially important bivalves of India, the former as an edible resource and the latter for the production of akoya and mabe pearls. The seed production techniques for these two bivalves have been developed at the Tuticorin Research Centre of CMFRI. Feasibility of remote setting for the larvae of P. fucata was tried at the Marine Hatchery of CMFRI at Calicut along the west coast. Utilising the shellfish hatchery at Tuticorin, growth and survival of remote set spat of Paphia malabarica and Pinctada fucata in the postset phase was monitored for 52 days in the hatchery. Remote set pearl oyster spat and clam spat had almost the same length one month after settlement. The pearl oyster spat reached 3.56 mm in one month after settlement and 8.28 mm in 80 days

Cultch preference and growth of remote-set spat of the backwater oyster, Crassostrea madrasensis, in varied salinities

Remote setting is the method of setting larvae of bivalves in distant areas, away from the hatchery after transporting eyed larvae (pediveliger) in cool and moist condition without water. The advantages are that hatcheries need not be established near the farms, transportation charges for cultch with spat can be completely eliminated and loss due to transportation stress can be minimized. In India, the first success in remote setting of edible oyster larvae has been done at CMFRI in 2000 when larvae from east coast were set at Cochin. This study indicated the scope for developing this technique for edible oyster, Crassostrea madrasensis. In the present study remote setting was done and simultaneously the cultuch preference and the growth of the spat in different salinities were studied

Occurrence of ribbonfish in the Indian EEZ

The survey conducted by FORV Sagar Sampada during 1985-91 (90 cruises) revealed the occurrence of ribbonfish in 56 stations out of 904 stations where fishing was conducted. It was reported from 41 stations along the west coast and 14 stations along the east coast. About 14 tonne of ribbonfish was caught in these operations which formed 4.8% of the total fish catch. West coast was more productive and contributed 93.6% of the catch, while the east coast only 6.4%. It abundantly occurred in the southwest, centralwest, northwest and northeast coasts. Depth-wise study revealed that major portion of the catch was obtained from within the 100 m depth zone. The dominant species reported was Trichiurus leptur

Rescue of the MERTK phagocytic defect in a human iPSC disease model using translational read-through inducing drugs.

Inherited retinal dystrophies are an important cause of blindness, for which currently there are no effective treatments. In order to study this heterogeneous group of diseases, adequate disease models are required in order to better understand pathology and to test potential therapies. Induced pluripotent stem cells offer a new way to recapitulate patient specific diseases in vitro, providing an almost limitless amount of material to study. We used fibroblast-derived induced pluripotent stem cells to generate retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) from an individual suffering from retinitis pigmentosa associated with biallelic variants in MERTK. MERTK has an essential role in phagocytosis, one of the major functions of the RPE. The MERTK deficiency in this individual results from a nonsense variant and so the MERTK-RPE cells were subsequently treated with two translational readthrough inducing drugs (G418 & PTC124) to investigate potential restoration of expression of the affected gene and production of a full-length protein. The data show that PTC124 was able to reinstate phagocytosis of labeled photoreceptor outer segments at a reduced, but significant level. These findings represent a confirmation of the usefulness of iPSC derived disease specific models in investigating the pathogenesis and screening potential treatments for these rare blinding disorders

Distribution and exploitation of oyster resources along the southeast and southwest coasts of India

The oysters are sedentary bivalve molluscs which are gregarious and found in aggregates attached by their right shell valve to hard substrata, forming oyster beds or oyster banks in varied environments, intertidal and subtidal zones in shallow coastal waters, bays, creeks, lagoons, backwaters and estuarine environment. In India, natural stocks of oysters are exploited on a small scale at a number of places as a subsistence fishery and oysters are not cultured commercially

PHARMACOVIGILANCE OF RADIOGRAPHIC CONTRAST-INDUCED ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF SOUTH INDIA

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the nature and incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to radiographic contrast media (oral and intravenous) reported during a 1½ years' period in a tertiary care hospital in South India.Methods: The study was an observational prospective study of ADRs to radiographic contrast media (oral and intravenous) observed during a period of 1½ years from July 2014 to October 2015 in Department of Radio Diagnosis at Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chromepet. The observations were analyzed for demographic profile, frequency, severity, causality, and temporal relationship of contrast administration to the occurrence of ADRs.Results: A total of 33 ADRs were observed for oral and intravenous radiographic contrast media administered for radiographic study for the above-mentioned period. It included 17 (51.5%) males and 16 (48.5%) females. Among the 33 ADRs, 19 (57%) were for oral and intravenous radiographic contrast and 14 (42%) for intravenous radiographic contrast alone. The most frequent ADRs were vomiting and nausea 16 (48%), skin rashes 9 (27%), and thrombophlebitis 9 (27%). As per Naranjo's algorithm and WHO causality assessment, all reactions are probable except in one patient who received intravenous contrast administration was possible. According to the Hartwig severity scale, 23 (69%) reactions were mild, 7 (21%) reactions were moderate, and 3 (9%) reactions were severe. There was no fatality observed. Adverse events required immediate treatment in 22 (66%). Most of the reactions, i.e., 21 (63%) appeared immediately after contrast administration. 12 (36%) reactions appeared within next 30 minutes after contrast administration.Conclusion: The common adverse reactions to radiographic contrast were mild in severity such as nausea, vomiting, skin rashes, and giddiness. Most of the reactions occur immediately after administration of contrast. The causality of majority of the ADRs is probable. Pharmacovigilance is an important tool in detection, reporting and thereby preventing ADRs due to radiographic contrast media