The Voice Of The Child in International Child Abduction Proceedings Under the 1980 Hague Convention

With the thirtieth anniversary of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (hereafter the UNCRC) being celebrated in 2019, this timely project was undertaken to consider the practical application of the right of the child to participate set out in Article 12 in the context of proceedings under the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction. This enabled the project leader’s research on this issue to be brought to the attention of those working in the field in one of the jurisdictions where considerable differences of professional opinion exist about the scope of this right in Hague Convention proceedings

A Characterization of Discrete Time Soliton Equations

We propose a method to characterize discrete time evolution equations, which generalize discrete time soliton equations, including the $q$-difference Painlev\'e IV equations discussed recently by Kajiwara, Noumi and Yamada.Comment: 13 page

A lithospheric cross-section through the Swiss Alps—I. Thermokinematic modelling of the Neoalpine orogeny

In this paper we develop a forward 2-D thermokinematic model to investigate the Neoalpine 35-0 Ma phase of orogeny along the European Geotraverse (EGT) through the Swiss Alps on a crustal and lithospheric scale. Using a divergence-free kinematic model (div v=0), we define mass displacements, which subsequently serve as input to a transient thermal model. the thermal model uses critically assessed material prorameters and accounts for the depth dependence of the thermal properties in processes such as crustal thickening and mantle-lithospheric subduction. Based on the presentday density pattern of the deep seismic image and estimated exhumation and shortening rates, we derive, in a first modelling step, a mass-displacement field describing the Neoalpine orogeny as a uniform process in time. In a second—thermal—modelling step, this kinematic scenario is further refined by modelling the non-uniform cooling histories of the southern Lepontine in the Penninic domain. For that purpose we adopt lithospheric shortening rates—and consequently exhumation rates—to agree with total Neoalpine shortening, while keeping the geometry of the kinematic model fixed. the resultant thermokinematic model reflects the main characteristics of Neoalpine tectonics, and shows a good overall agreement with combined geological and geophysical data. the asymmetric feature of the present-day tectonic structure along the profile is strongly reflected in the thermal structure of the lithosphere. This demonstrates the need for a kinematic model to investigate the deep-temperature field in active tectonic provinces. For further refinement of the model, the amounts of shortening have to be more precisely estimated, and a higher spatial density in geochronological and metamorphic data is required. Furthermore, surface heat-flow values are, up to now, too uncertain to constrain the predicted surface heat flow. In summary, our results show that we need, in particular, data constraining the horizontal component of the tectonic and thermal evolution. the results of the Neoalpine orogeny modelling demonstrate that the presented thermokinematic procedure yields a good first-order approximation to investigate crustal-scale and lithospheric processes. We conclude. therefore, that the approach presented provides the potential for application not only to continent-continent collision zones, but also to any active tectonic provinc

Testing the nature of S0 galaxies using planetary nebula kinematics in NGC 1023

We investigate the manner in which lenticular galaxies are formed by studying their stellar kinematics: an S0 formed from a fading spiral galaxy should display similar cold outer disc kinematics to its progenitor, while an S0 formed in a minor merger should be more dominated by random motions. In a pilot study to attempt to distinguish between these scenarios, we have measured the planetary nebula (PN) kinematics of the nearby S0 system NGC 1023. Using the Planetary Nebula Spectrograph, we have detected and measured the line-of-sight velocities of 204 candidate PNe in the field of this galaxy. Out to intermediate radii, the system displays the kinematics of a normal rotationally-supported disc system. After correction of its rotational velocities for asymmetric drift, the galaxy lies just below the spiral galaxy Tully-Fisher relation, as one would expect for a fading system. However, at larger radii the kinematics undergo a gradual but major transition to random motion with little rotation. This transition does not seem to reflect a change in the viewing geometry or the presence of a distinct halo component, since the number counts of PNe follow the same simple exponential decline as the stellar continuum with the same projected disc ellipticity out to large radii. The galaxy's small companion, NGC 1023A, does not seem to be large enough to have caused the observed modification either. This combination of properties would seem to indicate a complex evolutionary history in either the transition to form an S0 or in the past life of the spiral galaxy from which the S0 formed. More data sets of this type from both spirals and S0s are needed in order to definitively determine the relationship between these types of system.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Version with full resolution figure 1 can be found at http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/~ppzmrm/N1023_PNS.accepted.pd

Planetary nebulae as mass tracers of their parent galaxies: biases in the estimate of the kinematical quantities

Multi-object and multi-fiber spectrographs on 4 and 8 meter telescopes make it possible to use extragalactic planetary nebulae (PNe) in the outer halos of early-type galaxies as kinematical tracers, where classical techniques based on integrated stellar light fail. Until now, published PNe radial velocity samples are small, with only a few tens of radial velocity measurements (except for a few cases like NGC 5128 or M31), causing uncertainties in the mass and angular momentum estimates based on these data. To quantify these uncertainties, we have made equilibrium models for spherical galaxies, with and without dark matter, and via Montecarlo simulations we produce radial velocity samples with different sizes. We then apply, to these discrete radial velocity fields, the same standard kinematical analysis as it is commonly done with small samples of observed PNe radial velocities. By comparison of the inferred quantities with those computed from the analytical model, we test for systematic biases and establish a robust procedure to infer the angular momentum distribution and radial velocity dispersion profiles from such samples

Project for the analysis of technology transfer Quarterly report, 1 Oct. - 31 Dec. 1969

Analysis of Tech Brief-Technical Support Package progra

Stakeholder Theory and Marketing: Moving from a Firm-Centric to a Societal Perspective

This essay is inspired by the ideas and research examined in the special section on “Stakeholder Marketing” of the Journal of Public Policy & Marketing in 2010. The authors argue that stakeholder marketing is slowly coalescing with the broader thinking that has occurred in the stakeholder management and ethics literature streams during the past quarter century. However, the predominant view of stakeholders that many marketers advocate is still primarily pragmatic and company centric. The position advanced herein is that stronger forms of stakeholder marketing that reflect more normative, macro/societal, and network-focused orientations are necessary. The authors briefly explain and justify these characteristics in the context of the growing “prosociety” and “proenvironment” perspectives—orientations that are also in keeping with the public policy focus of this journal. Under the “hard form” of stakeholder theory, which the authors endorse, marketing managers must realize that serving stakeholders sometimes requires sacrificing maximum profits to mitigate outcomes that would inflict major damage on other stakeholders, especially society

Casorati Determinant Form of Dark Soliton Solutions of the Discrete Nonlinear Schr\"odinger Equation

It is shown that the $N$-dark soliton solutions of the integrable discrete nonlinear Schr\"odinger (IDNLS) equation are given in terms of the Casorati determinant. The conditions for reduction, complex conjugacy and regularity for the Casorati determinant solution are also given explicitly. The relationship between the IDNLS and the relativistic Toda lattice is discussed.Comment: First version was uploaded in 23 Jun 2005. Published in Journal of the Physical Society of Japan in May, 200