Blood Glucose Regulation Using Labview

Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. If not regulate the glucose level then it will cause the serious damage to heart, kidneys, eyes, and nerves. The pancreas produces insulin to absorb the glucose. In type I diabetes the pancreas does not secrete insulin to compensate this artificial pancreas will be used. The artificial pancreas will mimic the function of pancreas it consists of a sensor, controller and insulin pump. The sensor continuously monitors glucose, the amount of insulin required will be calculated using a controller then injected using insulin pump this is the function of the artificial pancreas. The food we take is converted into glucose. So, meal intake will greatly affect the glucose levels, in this paper a closed loop model is developed based on Bergman\u27s minimal model and meal intake is introduced as a disturbance then the control action is performed using Fuzzy and PID controller using LABVIEW software.  So, from this, if the glucose concentration exceeds/decreases, above/below a certain point necessary control action will be taken

Magnetoresistance in ordered and disordered double perovskite oxide, Sr2_2FeMoO6_6

We have prepared crystallographically ordered and disorder specimens of the double perovskite, Sr$_2$FeMoO$_6$ and investigated their magnetoresistance behaviour. The extent of ordering between the Fe and Mo sites in the two samples is determined by Rietveld analysis of powder x-ray diffraction patterns and reconfirmed by M\"{o}ssbauer studies. While the ordered sample exhibits the sharp low-field response, followed by moderate changes in the magnetoresistance at higher fields, the disordered sample is characterised by the absence of the spectacular low-field response. We argue that the low field response depends crucially on the half-metallic ferromagnetism, while the high-field response follows from the overall magnetic nature of the sample, even in absence of the half-metallic state.Comment: accepted in Solid State Communicatio

An Inverse Scattering Transform for the Lattice Potential KdV Equation

The lattice potential Korteweg-de Vries equation (LKdV) is a partial difference equation in two independent variables, which possesses many properties that are analogous to those of the celebrated Korteweg-de Vries equation. These include discrete soliton solutions, Backlund transformations and an associated linear problem, called a Lax pair, for which it provides the compatibility condition. In this paper, we solve the initial value problem for the LKdV equation through a discrete implementation of the inverse scattering transform method applied to the Lax pair. The initial value used for the LKdV equation is assumed to be real and decaying to zero as the absolute value of the discrete spatial variable approaches large values. An interesting feature of our approach is the solution of a discrete Gel'fand-Levitan equation. Moreover, we provide a complete characterization of reflectionless potentials and show that this leads to the Cauchy matrix form of N-soliton solutions

On non-QRT Mappings of the Plane

We construct 9-parameter and 13-parameter dynamical systems of the plane which map bi-quadratic curves to other bi-quadratic curves and return to the original curve after two iterations. These generalize the QRT maps which map each such curve to itself. The new families of maps include those that were found as reductions of integrable lattices

Relief evolution of the Quadrilatero Ferrifero (Minas Gerais, Brazil) by means of (Be-10) cosmogenic nuclei

This paper investigates the evolution of the relief within the so-called Iron Quadrangle (Quadrilatero Ferrifero) in Minas Gerais, Brazil, by means of quantification of erosion processes, which affected the principal rock types of the region. The method used is based on measurement of in-situ produced cosmogenic Be-10 concentration in fluvial sediments. The results indicate that the regional landscape evolution is controlled by lithotypes: the most resistant areas correspond to substrates developed on itabirites and quartzites (long-term erosion rates between 0.29 to 2.35 m/My), whereas the most fragile ones developed on schistphyllitcs (long-term erosion rates between 7.95 to 11.82 m/My) and granite-gneisses (long-term erosion rate at 12.92 m/My)

Surveillance of drug-resistant tuberculosis in the state of Gujarat, India

BACKGROUND: Limited information about the prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) has been reported from India, the country with the world’s highest burden of TB. We conducted a representative state-wide survey in the state of Gujarat (2005 population: 56 million). METHODS: Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from a representative sample of new and previously treated smear-positive pulmonary TB (PTB) cases were subjected to drug susceptibility testing (DST) against fi rst-line drugs at a World Health Organization supranational reference laboratory. Isolates found to have at least both isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RMP) resistance (i.e., multidrugresistant TB [MDR-TB]) were subjected to second-line DST. RESULTS: Of 1571 isolates from new patients, 1236 (78.7%) were susceptible to all fi rst-line drugs, 173 (11%) had any INH resistance and MDR-TB was found in 37 (2.4%, 95%CI 1.6–3.1). Of 1047 isolates from previously treated patients, 564 (54%) were susceptible to all fi rst-line drugs, 387 (37%) had any INH resistance and MDR-TB was found in 182 (17.4%, 95%CI 15.0–19.7%). Among 216 MDR-TB isolates, 52 (24%) were ofl oxacin (OFX) resistant; seven cases of extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) were found, all of whom were previously treated cases. CONCLUSION: MDR-TB prevalence remains low among new TB patients in Gujarat, but is more common among previously treated patients. Among MDR-TB isolates, the alarmingly high prevalence of OFX resistance may threaten the success of the expanding efforts to treat and control MDR-TB

Determinants of low birth weight in urban Pakistan

Objective: To identify determinants of low birth weight (LBW) in Karachi, Pakistan, including environmental exposures and nutritional status of the mother during pregnancy. Design: Cross-sectional study. Participants: Five hundred and forty mother-infant pairs. We interviewed mothers about obstetric history, diet and exposure to Pb. We measured birth weight and blood lead level (BLL). We performed multiple log binomial regression analysis to identify factors related to LBW.Results: Of 540 infants, 100 (18.5%) weighed 208.7 mg/d), infants of mothers with MUAC less than or equal to the median and dietary vitamin C intake \u3e 208-7 mg/d (adjPR = 10.80, 95 % CI 1.46, 79.76), mothers with MUAC above the median and vitamin C intak