Evaluating the Underlying Gender Bias in Contextualized Word Embeddings

Gender bias is highly impacting natural language processing applications. Word embeddings have clearly been proven both to keep and amplify gender biases that are present in current data sources. Recently, contextualized word embeddings have enhanced previous word embedding techniques by computing word vector representations dependent on the sentence they appear in. In this paper, we study the impact of this conceptual change in the word embedding computation in relation with gender bias. Our analysis includes different measures previously applied in the literature to standard word embeddings. Our findings suggest that contextualized word embeddings are less biased than standard ones even when the latter are debiased

Managing the Regulatory State: The Experience of the Bush Administration

This Article traces the history of Presidential management of the regulatory state up to the administration of President George W. Bush. It focuses on the latter\u27s implementation of smarter regulation, an approach to regulation based on unfunded mandates on the private sector implemented through the Office of Management and Budget, an organization within the Executive Office of the President. It finds cost-benefit analysis an essential, yet often neglected, tool for implementing efficient and effective regulations. It concludes the policies promoted under President Bush\u27s OMB have effectively cut costs by streamlining the rule-making process and discouraging adopting new federal rules, but cautions there is still a sea of overlapping regulations and conflict over turf among agencies causing the administrative state to steadily rise in cost

Behavior of the lean methane-air flame at zero-gravity

A special rig was designed and constructed to be compatible with the NASA Lewis Research Center Airborne Research Laboratory to allow the study of the effect of gravity on the behavior of lean limit in a standard 50.4 mm (2 in.) internal diameter tube when the mixtures are ignited at the open end and propagate towards the closed end of the tube. The lean limit at zero gravity was found to be 5.10% methane and the flame was found to extenguish in a manner previously observed for downward propagating flames at one g. It was observed that g-jitter could be maintained at less than + or 0.04 g on most zero g trajectories. All of propagating lean limit flames were found to be sporadically cellularly unstable at zero g. There was no observable correlation between the occurrence of g-jitter and the lean limit, average propagation speed of the flame through the tube or the occurrence of cellular instability

We Should Search for Life in Mars N. Polar Ground Ice

The 2008 Phoenix Mars lander mission sampled ground ice at 68N latitude. Mission results, considered along with climate modeling studies, suggest that the site is habitable for life during high obliquity periods. The Icebreaker mission has been proposed to the NASA Discovery program to search for biosignatures produced during habitable periods. This paper explores its rationale and approach

Semicontinuous Bioreactor Production of Recombinant Butyrylcholinesterase in Transgenic Rice Cell Suspension Cultures.

An active and tetrameric form of recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), a large and complex human enzyme, was produced via semicontinuous operation in a transgenic rice cell suspension culture. After transformation of rice callus and screening of transformants, the cultures were scaled up from culture flask to a lab scale bioreactor. The bioreactor was operated through two phases each of growth and expression. The cells were able to produce BChE during both expression phases, with a maximum yield of 1.6 mg BChE/L of culture during the second expression phase. Cells successfully regrew during a 5-day growth phase. A combination of activity assays and Western blot analysis indicated production of an active and fully assembled tetramer of BChE

Landmænds opfattelser af natur og aktuel naturkvalitet på bedriften. Cross cutting rapport for CC3

Landmanden er en væsentlig aktør i forhold til at udvikle og forbedre natur og landskabskvaliteter på de økologiske bedrifter. Spørgsmålet er imidlertid, om der er en sammenhæng mellem den måde landmanden opfatter værdier i natur og landskab på, den måde han handler og forvalter i forhold til disse værdier, og så den naturkvalitet han set udfra en biologisk synsvinkel har på sin bedrift. Det spørgsmål blev der arbejdet med i en cross cutting øvelse i projektet Naturkvalitet i økologisk jordbrug

Ein einfaches Verfahren zur Herstellung anellierter Thiophene

A simple method for the synthesis of fused thiophenes by reaction of agr-carboxymethyl substituted cyclic ketones withLawesson-reagent is described. Considerations concerning the reaction mechanism are given

High-temperature superconducting fault current microlimiters

High-temperature superconducting microbridges implemented with YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) thin-films are shown to be possible fault current limiters for microelectronic devices with some elements working at temperatures below the superconducting critical temperature and, simultaneously, under very low power conditions (below 1W). This is the case in the important applications of superconductors as SQUID based electronics, and technologies for communication or infrared detectors. In this paper it is shown that the good thermal behavior of these microlimiters allows working in a regime where even relatively small faults induce their transition to highly dissipative states, dramatically increasing their limitation efficiency. The conditions for optimal refrigeration and operation of these microlimiters are also proposed.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures. LaTeX and EPS file