Variation in the Biomolecular Interactions of Nickel(Ii) Hydrazone Complexes Upon Tuning the Hydrazide Fragment

Three new bivalent nickel hydrazone complexes have been synthesised from the reactions of [NiCl2(PPh3)(2)] with H2L {L = dianion of the hydrazones derived from the condensation of o-hydroxynaphthaldehyde with furoic acid hydrazide (H2L1) (1)/thiophene-2-acid hydrazide (H2L2) (2)/isonicotinic acid hydrazide (H2L3) (3)} and formulated as [Ni(L-1)(PPh3)] (4), [Ni(L-2)(PPh3)] (5) and [Ni(L-3)(PPh3)] (6). Structural characterization of these compounds 4-6 were accomplished by using various physico-chemical techniques. Single crystal X-ray diffraction data of complexes 4 and 5 proved their distorted square planar geometry. In order to ascertain the potential of the above synthesised compounds towards biomolecular interactions, additional experiments involving interaction with calf thymus DNA (CT DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were carried out. All the ligands and corresponding nickel(II) chelates have been screened for their scavenging effect towards O-2(-), OH and NO radicals. The efficiency of complexes 4-6 to arrest the growth of HeLa, HepG-2 and A431 tumour cell lines has been studied along with the cell viability test against the non-cancerous NIH 3T3 cells under in vitro conditions.University Grants Commission, New Delhi under the UGC-SAP-DRSRobert A. Welch Foundation F-0003Chemistr

Economic Valuation of Recreational Benefits from Sim’s Park, The Nilgiris: A Travel Cost Approach

This paper aims to evaluate recreation use value and to identify the factor that determines the recreation use value of the Sim's park. Finally to estimate consumer surplus of visitor and happiness among visitors in the park. The Sim's park which is located in Conoor, The Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu was purposively selected for the research study. The study was conducted for the year 2016-17. Primary data was collected from 90 sample visitors employing simple random sampling technique. Analytical tools used for the study was Individual Travel cost method and Multinomial Logit model. The results of the study revealed that by using log-linear trip generating analysis factors such as that travel cost, location, the age of the respondent, family size, family income, mode of transport and park quality are those that determine the visits to the park. Estimates in the research indicate that the Individual consumer's surplus was calculated at Rs.1757.68, which translated into an annual aggregate value of Rs.111.97 crores in 2017. Multinomial logit estimated as travel cost increased the probability of being very happy and happy was decreased when compared with probability of somewhat happy visitors. This insists on the importance of conservation of such recreational sites and helps to construct the policies

Determinants of Demand for Formal Agricultural Credit in Rural India

The present study aimed to analyze the impact of major determinants of participating in formal credit market and amount of credit borrowed at household level in rural India. National Sample Survey Organization’s household level data on debt and investment (70th round, 2012-13) was used for analysis. Heckman sample selection model was employed to analyze the functional relationship between amount of credit availed and household level characters. Larger farm size, Kissan Credit Card and bank account holding were the major factors determining the accessibility of more amount of formal agricultural credit in rural regions

Analysis of Antioxidant Enzyme activity in various genotypes of Helianthus annuus L. (Sunflower) under varied irrigation regimes

In this investigation, a pot culture experiment was conducted to estimate the effect of drought stress of Helianthus annuus L. (Sunflower). Sunflower is one of the most important oil crop and due to its high content of unsaturated fatty acids, a lack of cholesterol and the oil benefits from a desirable quality. Plant growth and productivity is adversely affected by nature’s wrath in the form of various biotic and abiotic stress factors. Water deficit is one of the major abiotic stresses, which   adversely affects crop growth and yield. The present study was aimed to understand the effects of drought stress on antioxidant enzymes like peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activity on five different cultivars (SH 3322, A-110, K-618, SH 416, and S-275) of sunflower. All the sunflower cultivars showed reduced growth and altered enzymes activities under drought conditions. The antioxidant enzymes activities were increased under drought stress in all parts of the sunflower cultivars. The maximum activity was observed in K-618 and the minimum in S-275 cultivar. Among the five cultivars studied, K-618 showed better tolerance capacity in pot culture conditions under drought stress when compared to other cultivars studied.    Â

Dynamics of Land Use Pattern and Cropping Pattern in Cuddalore District of Tamil Nadu

This study aims to assess the structural changes of land use pattern and cropping pattern in the Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu. We used panel data of land use pattern and area under different crops inclusion of irrigated and unirrigated area from 1960-61 to 2012-13. The collected data was estimated by using Markov chain analysis. The land put forward non-agricultural purposes and current fallow lands accounted for a higher share of retention probabilities while permanent pastures and other grazing lands had lower retentions in 1960-90 and 1991-2012, respectively. Retention probabilities of net sown area also had the same percentage in the same period implies that the district is an agrarian one. The share of retention in rice, oilseeds and fruit crops were high, and the area under sugarcane retains a moderate share and that of maintaining between 1960-90 and 1991-2012. The area under rice, however, was gradually relocated its share to sugarcane. Similar results were also found in field survey conducted in 2001 and 2011 where the share of area under rice was shifted to sugarcane, maize, cotton, fruits and vegetables

rac-6-Eth­oxy-3,3a,4,9b-tetra­hydro-1,3-diphenyl-1H-chromeno[4,3-c]isoxazole-3a-carbonitrile

The title compound, C25H22N2O3, with three stereogenic centres, crystallizes in a centrosymmetric space group as a racemate. The pyran ring adopts a sofa conformation and the five-membered isoxazole ring exhibits an envelope conformation. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the mean plane through the near coplanar atoms of the pyran ring is 10.54 (9)°. In the crystal, no significant intermolecular interactions are observed

Drought stress induced modification on growth and Pigments composition in different genotypes of Helianthus annuus L.

In this investigation, a pot culture experiment was conducted to estimate the ameliorating effect of drought stress Induced modification on various growth and Pigments composition in different genotypes of Helianthus annuus L. (Sunflower). Economically important oil seed crop sunflower five cultivars viz., Asgrow SH 3322 (A-SH 3322), Agsun 110 (A-110), Kaveri 618 (K-618), SH 416, and Sunbred 275 (S-275) were selected for drought analysis. Plant growth and productivity is adversely affected by nature’s wrath in the form of various biotic and abiotic stress factors. Water deficit is one of the major abiotic stresses, which   adversely affects crop growth and yield. 3, 4 and 5 DID was selected for the drought stress treatments. Drought stress causes considerable decreases in growth and pigments content of sunflower. Among the cultivar K-618 was less affected by the drought and to it had increased root length and near normal vegetative and shoot growth during stress and at stress recovery. The growth parameters and pigment total chlorophyll and carotenoid content decreased under drought stress in all the sunflower cultivars. Among the cultivars the S-275 cultivar was severely affected when compared to other cultivars

(E)-3-Phenyl-2-(1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-ylcarbon­yl)acrylonitrile

In the title compound, C25H18N2O3S, the indole moiety is planar and makes a dihedral angle of 89.95 (09)° with the phenyl ring of the sulfonyl substituent. The mol­ecular conformation features a weak C—H⋯N short contact and the crystal packing reveals a weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bond

Assessment of Farmers' Adoption Level of Climate Change Adaptation Practices in the Southern Parts of Tamil Nadu

Climate change is a global hazard to the world's food and nutritional security. As greenhouse-gas emissions in the atmosphere rise, so does the temperature due to the greenhouse effect. The average world temperature is steadily rising and is expected to climb by 2 degrees Celsius by 2100, resulting in significant global economic losses. Climate variability in the form of temperature and precipitation may impact on agricultural production and productivity. The study was conducted in the wetland, dryland, and garden land farming systems of the Tamil Nadu districts of Madurai and Sivagangai with a sample size of 120 farmers. Descriptive statistics were used in this study. For compare all three systems; a simple percentage analysis was performed. The majority of respondents in the wetland (65.00%), dryland (70.00%), and garden land (75.00%) farming reported a medium level of climate change adaptations. Cropping system diversification includes mixed cropping (65.00%), intercropping (36.66%), perennial and tree crop agriculture (30.00%), and fallow cropping (25.8%). Summer ploughing (36.67%) and micro-irrigation systems (34.17%) were among the water conservation strategies used by nearly one-third of those polled. The majority of respondents (85.00%) were rearing cattle   followed by working as a  r worker (off-farm activities) (56.67%) in the local industry is the second most common income diversification activity done by farmers.Government and agencies must play an important role in improving farmers' adaptive capacity by disseminating agrometeorological data and tools, conducting vulnerability assessments, and providing policy advice to strengthen institutional approaches to disaster risk reduction so that farmers can respond to the immediate risks of climate change and make the best use of climate variability

Nonuniform sampling and maximum entropy reconstruction in multidimensional NMR

NMR spectroscopy is one of the most powerful and versatile analytic tools available to chemists. The discrete Fourier transform (DFT) played a seminal role in the development of modern NMR, including the multidimensional methods that are essential for characterizing complex biomolecules. However, it suffers from well-known limitations: chiefly the difficulty in obtaining high-resolution spectral estimates from short data records. Because the time required to perform an experiment is proportional to the number of data samples, this problem imposes a sampling burden for multidimensional NMR experiments. At high magnetic field, where spectral dispersion is greatest, the problem becomes particularly acute. Consequently multidimensional NMR experiments that rely on the DFT must either sacrifice resolution in order to be completed in reasonable time or use inordinate amounts of time to achieve the potential resolution afforded by high-field magnets.Maximum entropy (MaxEnt) reconstruction is a non-Fourier method of spectrum analysis that can provide high-resolution spectral estimates from short data records. It can also be used with nonuniformly sampled data sets. Since resolution is substantially determined by the largest evolution time sampled, nonuniform sampling enables high resolution while avoiding the need to uniformly sample at large numbers of evolution times. The Nyquist sampling theorem does not apply to nonuniformly sampled data, and artifacts that occur with the use of nonuniform sampling can be viewed as frequency-aliased signals. Strategies for suppressing nonuniform sampling artifacts include the careful design of the sampling scheme and special methods for computing the spectrum. Researchers now routinely report that they can complete an N-dimensional NMR experiment 3 times faster (a 3D experiment in one ninth of the time). As a result, high-resolution three- and four-dimensional experiments that were prohibitively time consuming are now practical. Conversely, tailored sampling in the indirect dimensions has led to improved sensitivity.Further advances in nonuniform sampling strategies could enable further reductions in sampling requirements for high resolution NMR spectra, and the combination of these strategies with robust non-Fourier methods of spectrum analysis (such as MaxEnt) represent a profound change in the way researchers conduct multidimensional experiments. The potential benefits will enable more advanced applications of multidimensional NMR spectroscopy to study biological macromolecules, metabolomics, natural products, dynamic systems, and other areas where resolution, sensitivity, or experiment time are limiting. Just as the development of multidimensional NMR methods presaged multidimensional methods in other areas of spectroscopy, we anticipate that nonuniform sampling approaches will find applications in other forms of spectroscopy