Kaempferia galanga L.Zingiberaceae

Alpinia sessilis J. Koenig; Kaempferia humilis Salisb.; Kaempferia latifolia Donn ex Hornem.; Kaempferia plantaginifolia Salisb.; Kaempferia procumbens Noronha; Kaempferia rotunda Blanco (POWO 2019

STORMA dataset id=200 | Tree diversity

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STORMA dataset id=174 | Tree diversity

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The phytososiological of agroforestry Tembawang at secundary forest Sekadau Hulu in West Kalimantan Indonesia

Abstract A phytosociological study on the flora and vegetation community of Tembawang was carried out in of Traditional Agroforestry secundary Forest of Sekadau Hulu West Kalimantan, Indonesia. The main objectives of this study were to identify composition and structure of Tembawang in secundary forest Sekadau Hulu. A total of 30 plots (20×20 m in size) were constructed according to the line transect method. The vegetation sampling and data analysis were done according to the Mueller-Dombois and Ellenberg approach. The results showed that there were 43 species belonging to 32 generas and 13 families in the form of trees. The most common species in the study area were Havea brasilensis (Will.ex A.Juss) dan Durio zibethinus Murr. The results also showed that most of the species belong to the Dipterocarpaceae and Moraceae. This indicates that the Traditional Agroforestry Tembawang forest more potential a carbon storage in West Kalimantan Indonesia.</jats:p

Alpha and beta diversity of plants and animals along a tropical land-use gradient

Assessing the overall biological diversity of tropical rain forests is a seemingly insurmountable task for ecologists. Therefore, researchers frequently sample selected taxa that they believe reflect general biodiversity patterns. Usually, these studies focus on the congruence of α diversity (the number of species found per sampling unit) between taxa rather than on β diversity (turnover of species assemblages between sampling units). Such approaches ignore the potential role of habitat heterogeneity that, depending on the taxonomic group considered, can greatly enhance β diversity at local and landscape scales. We compared α and β diversity of four plant groups (trees, lianas, terrestrial herbs, epiphytic liverworts) and eight animal groups (birds, butterflies, lower canopy ants, lower canopy beetles, dung beetles, bees, wasps, and the parasitoids of the latter two) at 15 sites in Sulawesi, Indonesia, that represented natural rain forest and three types of cacao agroforests differing in management intensity. In total, we recorded 863 species. Patterns of species richness per study site varied strongly between taxonomic groups. Only 13–17% of the variance in species richness of one taxonomic group could be predicted from the species richness of another, and on average 12–18% of the variance of β diversity of a given group was predicted by that in other groups, although some taxon pairs had higher values (up to 76% for wasps and their parasitoids). The degree of congruence of patterns of α diversity was not influenced by sampling completeness, whereas the indicator value for β diversity improved when using a similarity index that accounts for incomplete sampling. The indication potential of α diversity for β diversity and vice versa was limited within taxa (7–20%) and virtually nil between them (0–4%). We conclude that different taxa can have largely independent patterns of α diversity and that patterns of β diversity can be more congruent. Thus, conservation plans on a landscape scale need to put more emphasis on the high heterogeneity of agroforests and the overarching role of β diversity shaping overall diversity patterns

Conservation value of cacao agroforestry systems for terrestrial herbaceous species in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

Tropical secondary forest and agroforestry systems have been identified as important refuges for the local species diversity of birds and other animal groups, but little is known about the importance of these systems for terrestrial herbs. In particular, few studies report how the conversion from tropical forest to technified cacao plantation affects the species richness and the community structure of herbs. We conducted surveys in 43 cacao plantations along the border of the Lore Lindu National Park in Central Sulawesi, ranging from agroforests to technified cacao, categorizing the plantations as rustic cacao, planted shade cacao, and technified cacao. We recorded 91 herb species. Of the 74 species determined to species level, 21 were also found in natural forests, while 53 were recorded only in agricultural habitats. Araceae was the most forest-dependent plant family while Asteraceae included the highest number of nonforest species. Overall, the presence of forest species was confined to moderately intensively managed rustic and planted shaded plantations. Distance from the forest, which has been identified as a crucial parameter for the diversity and composition of other taxa in cacao agroforests, only played a minimal role for herbs. Our study suggests that native forest herbs maybe more vulnerable to forest conversion than animal groups. The intensification of cacao plantation management increases the presence of weedy species to the detriment of native forest species

Antibacterial activities of Etlingera flexuosa AD Poulsen (Zingiberaceae) from Central Sulawesi on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

Abstract E. flexuosa which is endemic from Sulawesi is widely used by the local people for a lot of cultural activities. E. flexuosa fruit become the essential source to enhance the taste of fish dishes. The rhizome becomes a remedy to treat diarrhoea. This research aims to identify the antibacterial properties of E. flexuosa rhizome extract to two pathogen bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. E.flexuosa sample were collected from Lore Lindu National Park, Indonesia. To detect the antibacterial activity, agar well diffusion was performed. The result showed that the extract of E. flexuose rhizome has antibacterial properties to inhibit the grow of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherchia coli because of the secondary metabolites, such as flavonoid, tannin, saponin, terpenoid and alkaloid</jats:p