Assessment of chain-of-custody certification costs for sawnwood manufacturers in Peninsular Malaysia

In response to environmental concerns, over the past two decades, many environmental organisations, government entities, wood product manufacturers and other companies in wood products supply chains have developed standards to encourage consumers to purchase wood originating from certified sustainable forests. This paper focuses on the chain-of-custody (CoC) component of certification. A study involving sawnwood manufacturers in Malaysia was conducted to determine an accurate cost of obtaining a Malaysian Timber Certification Council (MTCC) CoC certificate. There are three types of costs to obtain a MTCC–CoC certificate: (1) cost to meet CoC standard or requirement (an indirect cost), (2) auditing cost (a direct cost) and (3) surveillance visit cost (a direct cost). Results indicated that the cost to meet CoC standard is the major component involving 96% of the total cost of certification, whereas the auditing and surveillance visit each only involved 2% of the total certification cost. None of the three CoC costs were statistically correlated with company size (as measured by annual sales) but there was a statistically significant relationship between cost of surveillance visit and company size when measured by annual production

Willingness to Pay towards the Conservation of Ecotourism Resources at Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, West Java, Indonesia

The objectives of this study are to determine the visitors’ willingness to pay for conservation of the resources at Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park (TNGP), and to determine the satisfaction of visitors towards the use of the ecotourism resources of the park. The dichotomous choice Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) was employed to determine the willingness to pay (WTP). A total of 423 respondents were interviewed face-to-face to collect the data. The results show that most visitors are satisfied with the ecotourism resources in TNGP, many of the visitors have come to TNGP more than once. In order to sustain the benefits derived from the resources at the park, the visitors agree that various organization involved must cooperate to conserve and protect the ecotourism resources. The economic benefit of conservation of the ecotourism resources at TNGP was measured using the visitors’ WTP for higher entrance fee to the park. A logit regression model was used to determine visitors’ willingness to pay. The results indicate that income, gender (male) and residential (urban) were the significant factors that influencing the visitors’ WTP for the entrance fee to TNGP. The mean WTP is found to be RP 7629.77 per visit. It is estimated that in 2004 the benefits of conservation of the ecotourism resources in TNGP amounts to RP 452 million

UJI FITOKIMIA SENYAWA KIMIA AKTIF AKAR NIPAH (Nyfa Fruticans WURMB) SEBAGAI TUMBUHAN OBAT DI KALIMANTAN SELATAN

Nipa (Nypa fruticans WURMB) classified in Palma family and grow in riptide area. This Research aims to know active Chemical compounds in Nipa root. We Hope that this Research will provide new information about active Chemical compounds in Nipa root, so that we can improve the benefit value of Nipa as One of the medicinal herb. Nipa root samples is taken in Tanah Bumbu District, samples examined in Laboratory of F-MIPA UNLAM. The observed parameters in thus Chemical Test are the active Chemical compounds: alkaloid, steroid, triterpenoid, flavonoid, and tannin. The Content of active Chemical compound is presented in Table and concluded descriptively. The Result of active Chemical compound consist in Nipa’s root shows that Alkaloid, Steroid, Triterpenoid, Flavonoid , and tannin compound is do contains in Nipa root. This active Chemical compound in Nipa root can be Led as the basic Chemical informative to utilize Nipa root as analgesics Medical for such disease. Nipah (nypa fruticans WURMB) merupakan tumbuhan yang termasuk famili Palmae dan   tumbuh di daerah  pasang   surut.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui  kandungan senyawa-senyawa kimia aktif pada akar nipah. Manfaat dari penelitian ini untuk memberikan informasi baru tentang senyawa aktif yang terdapat pada akar nipah, sehingga dapat meningkatkan nilai guna dan manfaat tumbuhan nipah sebagai salah satu tanaman obat. Pengambilan sample akar nipah dilakukan Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu  sedangkan pengujian sample akar nipah dilakukan di Laboratorium F-MIFA UNLAM. Parameter-parameter yang diamati pada pengujian kimia tersebut adalah senyawa-senyawa kimia aktif yaitu alkaloid, steroid, triterpenoid flavonoid, dan tanin. Data hasil uji kandungan senyawa kimia aktif  ditabulasi dan disimpulkan secara diskriptif. Hasil pengujian terhadap senyawa kimia aktif yang terkandung dalam akar Nifah ini menunjukan bahwa senyawa Alkaloid, Steroid, Triterpenoid, Flavonoid , dan tanin memang dikandung oleh akar nipah. Senyawa kimia aktif yang dikandung akar nipah ini dapat dijadikan sebagai dasar pemanfaatan akar nipah untuk obat analgetik  beberapa penyakit

FITOKIMIA 5 JENIS POHON DI KHDTK UNIVERSITAS LAMBUNG MANGKURAT MANDIANGIN KALIMANTAN SELATAN

Aims of the study is to identify phytochemical components (alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, quinone, triterpenoid, and tannin) of 5 species growth in University of Lambung Mangkurat (ULM) Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus (KHDTK = Education and Training Forest) area. These species are Madang Pirawas, Margatahan, Alaban Timbasu, Rawa Rawa Pipit, and Pulantan. Chemical analysis conducted in Wood Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry ULM. The result shows that alkaloid component is found in Madang Pirawas, Margatahan, Alaban Timbasu, Rawa Rawa Pipit, and Pulantan’s leaves. Alaban Timbasu has more alkaloid than the others. Flavonoid component is found in Madang Pirawas, Margatahan, Rawa Rawa Pipit, and Pulantan’s leaves.Rawa Rawa Pipit has more flavonoid than the others. Saponin component is found in Madang Pirawas, Margatahan, Alaban Timbasu, Rawa Rawa Pipit, and Pulantan’s leaves. Pulantan has more saponin than the others. Quinone component is found in Madang Pirawas, Margatahan, Alaban Timbasu, Rawa Rawa Pipit, and Pulantan’s leaves. Madang Pirawas has more quinone than the others. Steroid component is found in Margatahan, Alaban Timbasu, and Rawa Rawa Pipit’s leaves. Alaban Timbasu has more steroid than the others.Triterpenoids component is found in Margatahan, Alaban Timbasu, and Rawa Rawa Pipit’s leaves. Alaban Timbasu has more triterpenoid than the others.Tannin component is found in Madang Pirawas, Margatahan, Rawa Rawa Pipit and Pulantan’s leaves. Rawa Rawa Pipit has more tannin than the others.</jats:p

PEMBUATAN PAPAN PARTIKEL DARI SERBUK GERGAJIAN KAYU AKASIA MANGIUM (Acacia mangium) DAN KAYU SUNGKAI (Peronema canescens) MENGGUNAKAN PEREKAT RESIN POLYESTER

This research was to determine the physical and mechanical properties of particle board from acacia sawdust and sawn wood sawdust. The results of water content ranged from 6.85 to 9.22%, density ranged from 0.39 to 0.47 g / cm3, thickness development ranged from 2.21 to 7.04%, flexural strength (modulus of elasticity or MOE ) ranges between 1000.33 - 16127.48 kgf / cm² and the strength of the fracture (modulus of Rupture or MOR) ranges from 1.10 - 1.73 kgf / cm². MOE and MOR values and densities in treatment C that do not meet SNI 03-2105-2006 while in testing other treatments have meet SNI 03-2105-2006. The composition of raw materials has a very significant effect on the treatment of water content, density, thickness development and MOE. Physical and mechanical properties had no significant effect on the treatment of MOR values. The physical properties of particle board on average meet ISN 03-2105-2006. There are no mechanical properties that meet SNI 03-2105-2006.Keywords: Particle board; waste; polyester resin</jats:p