Optimally-balanced Hash Tree Generation in Ad Hoc Networks

Ideally a hash tree is a perfect binary tree with leaves equal to power of two. Each leaf node in this type of tree can represent a mobile node in an ad hoc network. Each leaf in the tree contains hash value of mobile node’s identification (ID) and public key (PK). Such a tree can be used for authenticating PK in ad hoc networks. Most of the previous works based on hash tree assumed perfect hash tree structures, which can be used efficiently only in networks with a specific number of mobile nodes. Practically the number of mobile nodes may not be always equal to a power of two and the conventional algorithms may result in an inefficient tree structure. In this paper the issue of generating a hash tree is addressed by proposing an algorithm to generate an optimally-balanced structure for a complete hash tree. It is demonstrated through both the mathematical analysis and simulation that such a tree is optimally-balanced and can efficiently be used for public key authentication in ad hoc networks

Biomass Fuel Use and Cardiac Function in Nepali Women.

BackgroundExposure to household air pollution (HAP) from cooking with biomass fuel affects billions of people. We hypothesized that HAP from woodsmoke, compared to other household fuels, was associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, of which there have been few studies.MethodsA cross-sectional study was completed in 299 females aged 40-70 years in Kaski District, Nepal, during 2017-18. All participants underwent a standard 12-lead ECG, ankle and brachial systolic blood pressure measurement, and 2D color and Doppler echocardiography. Current stove type was confirmed by inspection. Blood pressure, height, and weight were measured using a standardized protocol. Hypertension was defined as ≥140/90 mmHg or prior diagnosis. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was obtained, with diabetes mellitus defined as a prior diagnosis or HbA1C ≥ 6.5%. We used adjusted linear and logistic multivariable regressions to examine the relationship of stove type with cardiac structure and function.ResultsThe majority of women primarily used liquified petroleum gas (LPG) stoves (65%), while 12% used biogas, and 23% used wood-burning cook-stoves. Prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors was 35% with hypertension, 19% with diabetes mellitus, and 15% current smokers. After adjustment, compared to LPG, wood stove use was associated with increased indexed left atrial volume (β = 3.15, 95% CI 1.22 to 5.09) and increased indexed left ventricular end diastolic volume (β = 7.97, 95% CI 3.11 to 12.83). There was no association between stove type and systemic hypertension, left ventricular mass, systolic dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, abnormal ankle-brachial index, or clinically significant ECG abnormalities.ConclusionBiomass fuel use was associated with increased indexed left atrial volume and increased indexed left ventricular diastolic volume in Nepali women, suggesting subclinical adverse cardiac remodeling from HAP in this cross-sectional study. We did not find evidence of an association with hypertension or typical cardiac sequelae of hypertension. Future studies to confirm these results are needed

Multiple Fistula-In-Ano treated by Kshara Sutra - A Case Report

Fistula-in-ano is a chronic and troublesome disease encountered in general practice. It consists of 1.6% of all surgical admissions and leads to physical, psychological and social problems. The management includes various treatment modalities with variable outcomes. Ksharasutra is a medicated thread used in ano-rectal disorders particularly for the management of fistula-in-ano in Ayurveda. In this study Ksharasutra was prepared by Apamarga Kshara (Ash of Achyranthus aspera Linn.), Snuhi Ksheera (Euphorbia neriifolia Linn.) and turmeric powder (Curcuma longa Linn.). A patient with multiple fistula-in-ano was treated by application of Ksharasutra. This case study demonstrates the utility of Ksharasutra in Multiple Fistula-in ano

Use of proton pump inhibitors in dialysis unit in tertiary care hospital: a pharmaco-epidemiological study

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are generally thought to be safer drug with fewer adverse effects. Though this class of the drug is thought to be well tolerated, a detail study about actual use of these agents in nephrology department is still awaited in many parts of India. There had been case reports and case series which were reporting PPIs producing acute interstitial nephritis progressing to acute renal failure. The risk of PPI treatment in haemodialysis patients remains unexplored. The aim of the study was to evaluate a drug utilization of PPI in patient undergoing haemodialysis procedure.Methods: In this study every day visit to the dialysis units of the hospitals was carried out. After taking consent from the patients, the information from the case-report form was noted like; age, sex, diagnosis, laboratory reports and drug prescried. No personally identifiable information about patient or physician was collected. After this an interview of patients was taken.Results: In this study, out of 126 patients 76.6% were male and 23.4% were female. Out of these 126 patients 88.89% patients were on PPI. Nearly 54% were using PPI for more than six months. Nearly 29% patients were using PPI for more than 12 months.Conclusions: As many case-reports and studies are suggesting, there is co-relation of PPI and acute interstitial nephritis from this study we suggest that especially in nephrology unit patients’, more caution must be exercised while using PPI

An 18 mer sequence in a rat 1.3 kbp EcoRI repeat detects genetic polymorphism in humans

DNA fingerprinting involves the typing of an individual's DNA content to produce somatically stable,individual-specific DNA fingerprints. This technique often uses hypervariable minisatellite (HVMS) sequences as the fingerprinting probe and has found extensive use in several disciplines. Recently, we sequenced a 1.3 kbp EcoRI repetitive DNA fragment, shown to harbour the meiotic DNA repair site(s) of rat pachytene spermatocytes. This 1.3 kbp clone contained four sequences sharing high homology to the various HVMS sequences reported in the literature. Here we show that one of the sequences can indeed detect polymorphism in human individuals and can be used for DNA fingerprinting

Microcellular processing of fluoropolymers and the design of a microcellular foam extrusion system for wire coating

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1995.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 114-117).by Ravi R. Patil.M.S

LSTM-SDM: An integrated framework of LSTM implementation for sequential data modeling[Formula presented]

LSTM-SDM is a python-based integrated computational framework built on the top of Tensorflow/Keras and written in the Jupyter notebook. It provides several object-oriented functionalities for implementing single layer and multilayer LSTM models for sequential data modeling and time series forecasting. Multiple subroutines are blended to create a conducive user-friendly environment that facilitates data exploration and visualization, normalization and input preparation, hyperparameter tuning, performance evaluations, visualization of results, and statistical analysis. We utilized the LSTM-SDM framework in predicting the stock market index and observed impressive results. The framework can be generalized to solve several other real-world time series problems

Aerosol control on depth of warm rain in convective clouds

Aircraft measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and microphysics of clouds at various altitudes were conducted over India during CAIPEEX (Cloud Aerosol Interaction and Precipitation Enhancement Experiment) phase I and II in 2009 and 2010 respectively. As expected, greater CCN concentrations gave rise to clouds with smaller drops with greater number concentrations (Nc). The cloud drop effective radius (re) increased with distance above cloud base (D). Warm rain became detectable at the tops of growing convective clouds when re exceeded 12 µm with appreciable liquid water content (> 0.01 g/Kg). The re is determined by the number of activated CCN, Nad, and D. The Nad can be approximated by the maximum measured values of Nc. Higher Nc resulted in greater D for reaching the re threshold for onset of warm rain, re, denoted as D. In extreme cases of highly polluted and moist air that formed the monsoon clouds over the Indo-Gangetic plains, D exceeded 6 km, well above the 0{degree sign}C isotherm level. The precipitation particles were initiated there as supercooled rain drops at a temperature of -8{degree sign}C. Giant CCN reduced re and D, by initiating raindrops at warmer temperatures. This effect was found mainly in dusty air masses over the Arabian Sea. Besides, the aerosol effect on D, D was found to decrease with increase in cloud water path