Comprehensibility of UML-based Formal Model – A Series of Controlled Experiments

This paper summarises two controlled experiments conducted on a model that integrates the use of semi-formal notation, the Unified Modelling Language (UML) and a formal notation, B. The experiments assessed the comprehensibility of the model, namely UML-B. The first experiment compared the comprehensibility of a UML-B model and a B model. In the second experiment, the model was compared with an Event-B model, a new generation of B. The experiments assessed the ability of the model to present information and to promote problem domain understanding. The measurement focused on the efficiency in performing the comprehension tasks. The experiments employed a cross-over design and were conducted on third-year and masters students. The results suggest that the integration of semi-formal and formal notations expedites the subjects’ comprehension tasks with accuracy even with limited hours of training

Penelitian Ekologi Jenis Pohon Di Kawasan Hutan Bulungan, Kabupaten Bulungan - Kalimantan Timur [Ecological Study on Tree Species in Bulungan Forest Area, Bulungan District, East Kalimantan]

Studied on species ecology was carried out especiaslly with composition and vegetation structure in mixed dipterocarp forest,Bulungan-East Kalimantan Province.Two sampling plots were set up in 2 selected sites.All trees (dbh>10cm) within each plot were measured, and their height was respectively estimated.The result showed that totally species number from 825 trees at 2 plots recorded 240 species, 127 genera dan 42 families and 33 species among them from family Dipterocarpaceae.That were 22 species meranti (Shorea spp.J, 4 species for kruing {Dipterocarpus caudiferus, D. stellatus, D. humeratus, D. hominophyllum), and some from genus Vatica (Vatica vinosa, V. rasak, V. sarawakensis), Hopea bullatifolia, Dryobalanops lanceolata and Parashorea parvifolia. Dipterocarpaceae,Euphorbiaceae and Myristicaceae were some families with have the most species number and some species were dominance representated the family that were Dipterocarpus caudiferus, Dryobalanops lanceolata,Coccoceras borneensis and Knema latifolia

Pemetaan Tingkat Bahaya Erosi Sub DAS Petani Sumatera Utara

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya erosi pada sub daerah aliran sungai Petani. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Sub Daerah Aliran Sungai Petani Sumatera Utara dan Laboratorium Sistem Informasi Geografis Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara pada bulan Oktober 2015 sampai dengan April 2016. Metode penilaian tingkat kerusakan lahan yang dilakukan adalah metode scoring (penilaian) kelas tingkat laju erosi. Perkiraan besarnya erosi diketahui dengan metode USLE. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laju erosi pada kelas I (sangat ringan) memiliki luas sebesar 29540,39 ha, kelas II (ringan) memiliki luas sebesar 6343,89 ha, kelas III (sedang) memiliki luas sebesar 132,39, kelas IV (berat) memiliki luas sebesar 108,01 ha dan kelas V (sangat berat) memiliki luas sebesar 102,38 ha

Microbial Contamination on Beef Trade in Wet Markets of Lambaro, Sigli, and Meureudu, Aceh Province, Indonesia

Food animal origin such as beef is one of the basic needs for our society. Some cases of disease caused by microbial contaminated livestock product have been reported in Indonesia. It means that food safety has to obtain serious attention. Someefforts byobservationandexamination ofthe number ofmicrobial contaminationon beefin three wet marketswere considered important to assessthe extent ofmicrobial contamination compared with thethresholdset by theIndonesiangovernment throughthe NationalStandards. The results ofbeef sample examinationand assessmentby theVeterinary PublicHealth Laboratoryof the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Syiah Kuala University on thenumber ofmicrobial contamination of Total Plate Count (TPC) from the wet markets ofLambaro(Aceh BesarDistrict), the Sigli(PidieDistrict), and Meureudu(PidieJaya District) showed thatmicrobial contaminationis belowthe threshold setSNI-3932-2008. In general, the results showed that the qualityof food productsof animal origin,particularly beeffrom wet marketsinthreedistricts,have levels of contamination that arestill reasonable. Nevertheless,goodhygiene andsanitationsupervisionofpre-productionto distributionandcirculation of supervision should be maintained

Pengaruh Suplementasi Vitamin E Terhadap Gambaran Histopatologis Hati Tikus Putih Wistar Yang Diberi Ransum Lemak Tinggi

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh vitamin E terhadap gambaran histopatologis hati tikus putih (Wistar) yang diberi ransum tinggi lemak. Dua puluh lima ekor tikus putih jantan digunakan dalam penelitian ini dan dibagi secara acak dalam 5 kelompok perlakuan, tiap kelompok terdiri dari 5 ekor. Tikus putih KI, diberi ransum CP 521; KII, diberi ransum CP 521 + minyak kelapa 10% (ransum lemak tinggi) + vitamin E 50 lU; KIII , diberi ransum lemak tinggi + vitamin E 100 lU; KIV, diberi ransum lemak tinggi + vitamin E 200 lU; dan KV, diberi ransum lemak tinggi + vitamin E 400 lU. Perlakuan dilaksanakan selama 3 bulan. Setelah 3 bulan, hati diambil untuk pemeriksaan rutin histopatologis dengan metode mikroteknik dan pewarnaan hematoksilin-eosin (HE). Hasil pengamatan secara mikroskopik, pada kelompok KI dan KV menunjukkan histopatologis hati dalam keadaan normal, tetapi pada KII, KIII, dan KIV, terlihat adanya degenerasi hepatosit. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ransum lemak tinggi + vitamin E 400 IU mampu melindungi terhadap degenerasi hepatosit

Lokasi Penanaman Bawang Merah Lokal Samosir Berdasarkan Ketinggian Tempat Di Daerah Tangkapan Air Danau Toba

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan lokasi penanaman bawang merah lokal Samosir berdasarkan ketinggian tempat di Daerah Tangkapan Air Danau Toba. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di sentra kawasan penanaman bawang merah di daerah sekitaran Danau Toba dengan ketinggian tempat 900 – 2000 meter diatas permukaan laut. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan metode survey yang meliputi studi literatur, penyusunan kuisioner, survey lapangan dan pengolahan data hasil survey lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketinggian tempat dan produksi bawang merah lokal Samosir berkorelasi negatif, artinya semakin tinggi ketinggian tempat maka produksi akan menurun dengan nilai r = 0.51. Ketinggian tempat yang terbaik untuk budidaya bawang merah lokal Samosir di DTA Danau Toba adalah ketinggian 900 – 1000 m dpl

The Characteristics of the Chemichal Properties of Ultisols Sub Groups in Some Areas of Northern Sumatra

The purpose of the study to determine the characteristics of the chemichal properties of ultisols sub groups in some areas of Northern Sumatra. This research uses descriptive method by conducting surveys and soil samples up to 6 sub group of Typic Hapludults, Typic Paleudults, Psammentic Paleudults, Typic Plinthudults, Typic Ochraquults, Typic Paleaquults taken a depth of 0-30 cm at random (purposive random sampling) and composited by each sub group. Parameters analyzed were soil texture, pH, C-organic, total N, total P, P-available, exch.-K, CEC, BS, Al-exch., and aluminum saturation. The results showed that soil texture in each sub group varies the sandy clay, clay, loamy sand, clay loam, clay, and sandy clay loam. Soil pH has a wry criteria except in Typic Paleudults and Typic Paleaquults is very wry. C-organic content, total N, total P, P-available, K-exch, CEC, and BS in each sub group classified in the very low to low criteria except CEC in Typic Paleudults with the criteria moderate. Ultisols sub group has the characteristic physical and chemical properties of different/ varied