Increased growing temperature reduces content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in four oilseed crops

Environmental temperature directly influences the lipid profile produced by oilseeds. If growing temperatures increase, as is predicted by current models, the precise profile of lipids produced are likely to change. This paper develops models to predict lipid profiles as a function of growing temperature. Data relating to lipid profiles of soybean (Glycine max), spring canola (Brassica napus), spring camelina (Camelina sativa), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) were gathered from the literature and evaluated to examine the influence of temperature on relative production of oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid. For each crop, a set of linear regressions was used to correlate temperature during the grain fill, defined as 30 days before harvest, with the molar percentages of oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid present. An increase in temperature from 10 to 40°C resulted in an increase in the production of oleic acid and a decrease in the production of linoleic and linolenic acid in soybeans, canola, and sunflowers. Over the range of data available, the lipid profile of camelina was temperature insensitive. To test the validity of the correlations, the four crops were grown in a field study in Manhattan, Kansas simultaneously, in the same environment, in 2011. The correlations accurately predicted the field data for soybean, canola, and camelina but not for sunflower. The correlation for sunflower under-predicted the molar amount of oleic acid and over-predicted the molar amount of linoleic acid. This study indicates increasing growing temperatures from 10 to 40°C will result in more monounsaturated oils and less polyunsaturated oils in soybean, canola, and sunflower

Formal [4+3] Epoxide Cascade Reaction via a Complementary Ambiphilic Pairing Strategy

A formal [4+3] epoxide cascade protocol utilizing ambiphilic sulfonamides and a variety of epoxides (masked ambiphiles) has been developed for the generation of benzothiaoxazepine-1,1′-dioxides and oxathiazepine-1,1′-dioxides. This protocol combines an epoxide ring-opening with either an SNAr or oxa-Michael cyclization pathway

Shift-Volatility Transmission in East Asian Equity Markets

This paper attempts to provide evidence of "shift-volatility" transmission in the East Asian equity markets. By shift-volatility, we mean the volatility shifts from a low level to a high level, corresponding respectively to tranquil and crisis periods. We examine the interdependence of equity volatilities between Hong-Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and the United States. Our main issue is whether shift-volatility needs to be considered as a regional phenomenon, or from a more global perspective. We find that the timing/spans of high volatility regimes correspond adequately to years historically documented as those of crises (the Asian crisis and the years following the 2008 crisis). Moreover, we suggest different indicators that could be useful to guide the investors in their arbitrage behavior in the different regimes: the duration of each state, the sensitivity of the volatility in a market following a change in the volatility in another market. Finally, we are able to identify which market can be considered as leading markets in terms of volatility

A Formal [4+4] Complementary Ambiphile Pairing (CAP) Reaction: A New Cyclization Pathway for ortho-Quinone Methides

A formal, one-pot, [4+4] cyclization pathway for the generation of 8-member sultams via in-situ generation of an ortho-quinone methide (o-QM) is reported. The pairing of ambiphilic synthons in a complementary fashion is examined whereby o-fluorobenzenesulfonamides are merged with in-situ-generated o-QM in a formal [4+4] cyclization pathway to afford 5,2,1-dibenzooxathiazocine-2,2-dioxide scaffolds under microwave (mW) conditions. The method reported represents the first use of an o-QM in a formal hetero [4+4] cyclization

Synthesis, Characterization and Remarkable Anticancer Activity of Rhenium Complexes Containing Biphenyl Appended NNN Donor Sulfonamide Ligands

Neutral and cationic rhenium complexes provide both hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic properties due to the robustness of the tridentate ligand system of biphenyl appended dipicolylamine (N(SO2bip)dpa) and diethylenetriamine (N(SO2bip)dienH) coordinated to the [Re(CO)3]+ core, hold immense potential for the development of metal based anticancer drugs. This was achieved by the synthesis of two ligands (L1: N(SO2bip)dpa and L2: (N(SO2bip)dienH) and their corresponding Re complexes (C1: [Re(CO)3(N(SO2bip)dpa)]PF6 and C2: [Re(CO)3(N(SO2bip)dien)] in good yield and high purity. All four compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, UV-Vis, FTIR spectroscopies and L1, also by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The methylene protons observed as a singlet at (4.59 ppm) in a 1H NMR spectrum of L1 appear as two doublets (5.66 and 4.65 ppm) in the spectrum of C1. The appearance of NH signals at 3.48, 5.17 and 6.69 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum of C2 confirm the coordination of L2 with Re. The stretching vibration frequencies depicted by the S-N bond at 923 cm-1 for L1 appear towards lower frequencies (821 cm-1) in an FTIR spectrum of C1, while the S-N bond at 943 cm-1 for L2 appears towards higher frequencies (968 cm-1) in C2. In silico assessment of drug likeliness revealed zero violations demonstrating a high likeliness of the ligands to be successful as drug leads. All four compounds have shown very low IC50 values against non-small cell lung cancer cells (NCI-H292). Therefore, L1, C1, L2 and C2 are promising novel compounds that can be further investigated as potential anticancer agents. Keywords: Rhenium Tricarbonyl, Sulfonamide, Anticancer, Fluorescence

Accessing Stereochemically Rich Sultams via Microwave-Assisted, Continuous Flow Organic Synthesis (MACOS) Scale-out

The generation of stereochemically-rich benzothiaoxazepine-1,1′-dioxides for enrichment of high-throughput screening collections is reported. Utilizing a microwave-assisted, continuous flow organic synthesis platform (MACOS), scale-out of core benzothiaoxazepine-1,1′-dioxide scaffolds has been achieved on multi-gram scale using an epoxide opening/SNAr cyclization protocol. Diversification of these sultam scaffolds was attained via a microwave-assisted intermolecular SNAr reaction with a variety of amines. Overall, a facile, 2-step protocol generated a collection of benzothiaoxazepine-1,1′-dioxides possessing stereochemical complexity in rapid fashion, where all 8 stereoisomers were accessed from commercially available starting materials

Balancing Profit and Morality: Confucian Insights into Financial Management and Corporate Governance

This study explores the integration of Confucian principles in modern financial management and corporate governance, offering a nuanced perspective on how ancient philosophical wisdom can inform contemporary business practices. By analyzing seminal Confucian texts and reviewing current literature, this research illuminates the alignment between Confucian ethics and ethical business conduct, emphasizing a balance between financial success and societal welfare. The findings reveal that Confucianism, with its core values of Ren (compassion), Yi (righteousness), and Li (propriety), advocates for a holistic approach to business. This approach prioritizes long-term societal benefits and ethical decision-making over immediate financial gains. The study contrasts and compares Confucian perspectives with modern financial theories, highlighting the relevance and applicability of Confucian ethics in today's business world. In financial management, Confucian principles encourage prudent investment strategies and respectful stakeholder relationships, aligning with aspects of portfolio theory and wealth maximization but with an added ethical dimension. In corporate governance, Confucianism promotes leadership based on moral integrity, advocating for a governance model that values trust, mutual respect, and social responsibility. This research contributes to the understanding of how traditional philosophical systems like Confucianism can complement and enrich modern business practices. DOI: http://doi.org/10.31357/fhss/vjhss.v09i02.0

Screening of five Sri Lankan endemic plants for anti-cancer effects on breast cancer stem cells isolated from MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines

Purpose: To screen selected endemic plants grown in Sri Lanka on breast cancer stem cells (bCSCs) for their anti-cancer propertiesMethods: Breast-CSCs expressing CD24-/CD44+ surface markers were isolated from MDA-MB-231 cells by magnetic-assisted cell sorting method and validated using flow cytometry. A panel of forty extracts from barks and leaves of Doona nervosa, Garcinia quaesita, Garcinia zeylanica, Memecylon rostratum and Schumacheria castaneifolia were obtained by sequential solvent extraction and tested on bCSC-mammospheres derived from MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells and normal mammary epithelial (MCF-10A) cells. Proliferation and cell stemness were analyzed using WST-1 cell proliferation assay and alkaline phosphatase assay.Results: Hexane and chloroform extracts of G. zeylanica and G. quaesita barks showed dosedependent reduction in proliferation and stemness in both bCSCs tested with less effect on MCF-10A cells. Hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of S. castaneifolia bark selectively inhibited mammospheres of triple negative bCSCs cells.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the non-polar extracts of G. zeylanica and G. quaesita, S. castaneifolia barks inhibit the proliferation of bCSCs of triple negative and estrogen-progesterone positive breast cancers. Findings of the present study may useful for developing a future anti-cancer therapeutics which can target bCSCs.Keywords: Cancer stem cells, Garcinia zeylanica, Garcinia quaesita, Schumacheria castaneifolia, Mammosphere