Seguro de invalidez, vejez y muerte de los periodistas de la República Argentina

Informa sobre el proceso que se ha seguido en Argentina para dotar a los periodistas con una protección social en caso de invalidez, vejez o de muerte. En la Argentina no existía un sistema general de seguro que cubriera a todos los asalariados contra los riesgos de invalidez, de vejez o de muerte prematura. Sin embargo, había algunos regímenes especiales de seguros de pensiones que se aplicaban a determinadas categorías de trabajadores como, por ejemplo, los empleados de Bancos, los que trabajan en el transporte, el personal de las empresas de electricidad, de gas, de agua, de teléfono, etc. Ahora bien, los periodistas se esforzaban desde hacía largos años por tener una protección social y desde 1920, se presentaron al Parlamento Federal 16 proyectos o proposiciones de leyes tendientes a instituir un régimen de seguro social en favor de los periodistas. El 22 de Setiembre de 1934, la Cámara de Diputados aprobó un proyecto de ley concerniente a la creación de una caja de retiros y de pensiones de los periodistas y de los trabajadores en las industrias gráficas. En enero 1935, el Senado aprobó este proyecto de ley. La obligación al seguro debía extenderse a todas las empresas situadas en la capital federal y en los territorios nacionales. Las empresas situadas en las provincias podrían afiliarse con el consentimiento de su personal. Las provincias podían también declarar obligatoria la afiliación al seguro con una ley provincial. Este seguro debía aplicarse a los directores, redactores, administradores, corresponsales y, en general, a todos los empleados y obreros de las empresas que editaban diarios, periódicos o revistas; al personal de la Caja de pensiones de los periodistas, de las asociaciones profesionales reconocidas y de las mutualistas y cooperativas formadas exclusivamente por los periodistas y trabajadores gráficos. Sin embargo, los interesados mismos no estaban de acuerdo con la legislación proyectada. Mientras que el partido socialista lo aprobó calurosamente, los medios patronales y algunas ·asociaciones profesionales de los trabajadores gráficos se pronunciaron contra la ley. El Parlamento, tomando en cuenta las observaciones formuladas contra el proyecto, lo modificó en algunos puntos y lo sometió al Presidente para su aprobación. El 6 de Julio de 1935, el Presidente de la República puso su veto a la ley haciendo valer que una ley social no podía ser impuesta a los beneficiados contra la voluntad de ellos. Un grupo de diputados, bajo la dirección de Reynaldo A. Pastor, inspirado por las decisiones del Círculo de la Prensa, depositó en la Cámara una proposición análoga que pasó a la Comisión de Legislación de Trabajo. Para evitar de antemano las dificultades por las que fracasó la ley de 1934, este proyecto limitó el campo de aplicación a los periodistas y no incluyó a los trabajadores de la industria gráfica. Aquí se analiza brevemente el proyecto de Pastor. Finalmente señala que la proposición del diputado Pastor ocupaba la atención no solamente del medio profesional interesado, sino también de la opinión pública en general. Era de esperar que el movimiento de simpatía creado alrededor de las reivindicaciones de los periodistas permitiría a las autoridades competentes dotar a esta profesión de una legislación de seguridad social, a la que los periodistas tenían pleno derecho

Factors affecting glomerular filtration rate, as measured by iohexol disappearance, in men with or at risk for HIV infection

Objective: Formulae used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) underestimate higher GFRs and have not been well-studied in HIV-infected (HIV(+)) people; we evaluated the relationships of HIV infection and known or potential risk factors for kidney disease with directly measured GFR and the presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Design: Cross-sectional measurement of iohexol-based GFR (iGFR) in HIV(+) men (n = 455) receiving antiretroviral therapy, and HIV-uninfected (HIV(-)) men (n = 258) in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Methods: iGFR was calculated from disappearance of infused iohexol from plasma. Determinants of GFR and the presence of CKD were compared using iGFR and GFR estimated by the CKD-Epi equation (eGFR). Results: Median iGFR was higher among HIV(+) than HIV(-) men (109 vs. 106 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively, p = .046), and was 7 ml/min higher than median eGFR. Mean iGFR was lower in men who were older, had chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, or had a history of AIDS. Low iGFR (≤90 ml/min/1.73 m2) was associated with these factors and with black race. Other than age, factors associated with low iGFR were not observed with low eGFR. CKD was more common in HIV(+) than HIV(-) men; predictors of CKD were similar using iGFR and eGFR. Conclusions: iGFR was higher than eGFR in this population of HIV-infected and -uninfected men who have sex with men. Presence of CKD was predicted equally well by iGFR and eGFR, but associations of chronic HCV infection and history of clinically-defined AIDS with mildly decreased GFR were seen only with iGFR. © 2014 Margolick et al

Evaluación del incremento del porcentaje de postura y peso de los huevos en gallinas comerciales alimentadas con microorganismos probióticos

Egg production is associated with the compositional quality of food and nutritional efficiency of the birds, but there are foods that help improve the zootechnical parameters in birds such as, for example, probiotics. In this work the effect of using probiotic microorganisms on the weight, egg size and egg-laying percentage in laying hens, matched with a control group was compared. Large significant differences for the variables studied were found, showing a positive effect on the use of probiotics in poultry feed.La producción de huevos se ve asociada a la calidad composicional del alimento y a la eficiencia nutricional de las aves, sin embargo hay alimentos que favorecen el mejoramiento de los parámetros zootécnicos en aves como, por ejemplo, los probióticos. En este trabajo se comparó el efecto del uso de microorganismos probióticos sobre el peso, tamaño del huevo y porcentaje de postura en gallinas ponedoras, en comparación con un grupo testigo. Se encontraron diferencias significativas para las variables estudiadas, evidenciando un efecto positivo en el uso de probióticos en la alimentación avícola

Juvenile onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a possible role for vitamin D in disease status and bone health

Purpose: In juvenile onset systemic lupus erythematosus (JoSLE), evidence for the association between vitamin D status, lupus activity, and bone health is very limited and not conclusive. The aim of this study was, therefore, to assess in JoSLE patients the possible relevance of vitamin D deficiency in disease and bone parameters. Methods: Fifty-seven JoSLE patients were initially compared to 37 age, race and body mass index (BMI) -matched healthy controls. The serum concentration of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) was determined by radioimmunoassay. Patients with 25OHD deficiency (acurrency sign20 ng/mL) were compared to those with levels > 20 ng/mL. Disease activity was evaluated by SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition (BC) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: 25OHD levels were similar in patients and controls (21.44 +/- 7.91 vs 22.54 +/- 8.25 ng/mL, p = 0.519), regardless of supplementation (65% of patients and none in controls). Thirty-one patients with 25OHD deficiency (acurrency sign20 ng/mL) were further compared to the 26 JoSLE patients with levels > 20 ng/mL. These two groups were well-balanced regarding vitamin D confounding variables: age (p = 0.100), ethnicity (p = 1.000), BMI (p = 0.911), season (p = 0.502), frequency of vitamin D supplementation (p = 0.587), creatinine (p = 0.751), renal involvement (p = 0.597), fat mass (p = 0.764), lean mass (p = 0.549), previous/current use of glucocorticoids(GC) (p = 1.0), immunosuppressors (p = 0.765), and mean current daily dose of GC (p = 0.345). Patients with vitamin D deficiency had higher SLEDAI (3.35 +/- 4.35 vs 1.00 +/- 2.48, p = 0.018), lower C4 levels (12.79 +/- 6.78 vs 18.38 +/- 12.24 mg/dL, p = 0.038), lower spine BMD (0.798 +/- 0.148 vs 0.880 +/- 0.127 g/cm2, p = 0.037) and whole body BMD (0.962 +/- 0.109 vs 1.027 +/- 0.098 g/cm2, p = 0.024). Conclusion: JoSLE vitamin D deficiency, in spite of conventional vitamin D supplementation, affects bone and disease activity status independent of therapy and fat mass reinforcing the recommendation to achieve adequate levels. Lupus (2012) 21, 1335-1342.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2010/08312-3]Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico [301411/2009-3, 300559/2009-7]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnologicoFederico FoundationFederico Foundatio

A MULTICENTER, OBSERVATIONAL, AMBISPECTIVE STUDY EVALUATING EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF GENERIC IMATINIB COMPARED TO GLEEVEC IN CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA IN CHRONIC PHASE-3 MONTHS RESPONSE ANALYSIS

Univ Estadual Campinas, Hematol & Hemotherapy Ctr, Campinas, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Minas Gerais, Hosp Clin, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilInst Nacl Cancer, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilFac Med, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BrazilHemorio, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilHosp Clin Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilCtr Pesquisa Oncol Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, BrazilUniv Fed Bahia, Salvador, BA, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BrazilInst Estudos & Pesquisas Sao Lucas, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Estadual Campinas, Campinas, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Renal function evaluation in patients with American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis after specific treatment with pentavalent antimonial

Background: Renal evaluation studies are rare in American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL). The aim of this study is to investigate whether specific treatment reverts ACL-associated renal dysfunction. Methods: A prospective study was conducted with 37 patients with ACL. Urinary concentrating and acidification ability was assessed before and after treatment with pentavalent antimonial. Results: The patients mean age was 35.6 +/- 12 years and 19 were male. Before treatment, urinary concentrating defect (U/P-osm < 2.8) was identified in 27 patients (77%) and urinary acidification defect in 17 patients (46%). No significant glomerular dysfunction was observed before and after specific ACL treatment. There was no reversion of urinary concentrating defects, being observed in 77% of the patients before and in 88% after treatment (p = 0.344). Urinary acidification defect was corrected in 9 patients after treatment, reducing its prevalence from 40% before to only 16% after treament, (p = 0.012). Microalbuminuria higher than 30 mg/g was found in 35% of patients before treatment and in only 8% after treatment. Regarding fractional excretion of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, there was no significant difference between pre and post-treatment period. Conclusion: As previously described, urinary concentrating and acidification defects were found in an important number of patients with ACL. Present results demonstrate that only some patients recover urinary acidification capacity, while no one returned to normal urinary concentration capacity.Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq

Metabolic control in a nationally representative diabetic elderly sample in Costa Rica: patients at community health centers vs. patients at other health care settings

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Costa Rica, like other developing countries, is experiencing an increasing burden of chronic conditions such as diabetes mellitus (DM), especially among its elderly population. This article has two goals: (1) to assess the level of metabolic control among the diabetic population age ≥ 60 years old in Costa Rica, and (2) to test whether diabetic elderly patients of community health centers differ from patients in other health care settings in terms of the level of metabolic control.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Data come from the project CRELES, a nationally representative study of people aged 60 and over in Costa Rica. This article analyzes a subsample of 542 participants in CRELES with self-reported diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Odds ratios of poor levels of metabolic control at different health care settings are computed using logistic regressions.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Lack of metabolic control among elderly diabetic population in Costa Rica is described as follows: 37% have glycated hemoglobin ≥ 7%; 78% have systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg; 66% have diastolic blood pressure ≥ 80 mmHg; 48% have triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dl; 78% have LDL ≥ 100 mg/dl; 70% have HDL ≤ 40 mg/dl. Elevated levels of triglycerides and LDL were higher in patients of community health centers than in patients of other clinical settings. There were no statistical differences in the other metabolic control indicators across health care settings.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Levels of metabolic control among elderly population with DM in Costa Rica are not that different from those observed in industrialized countries. Elevated levels of triglycerides and LDL at community health centers may indicate problems of dyslipidemia treatment among diabetic patients; these problems are not observed in other health care settings. The Costa Rican health care system should address this problem, given that community health centers constitute a means of democratizing access to primary health care to underserved and poor areas.</p