Russia’s Legal Transitions: Marxist Theory, Neoclassical Economics and the Rule of Law

We review the role of economic theory in shaping the process of legal change in Russia during the two transitions it experienced during the course of the twentieth century: the transition to a socialist economy organised along the lines of state ownership of the means of production in the 1920s, and the transition to a market economy which occurred after the fall of the Soviet Union in the 1990s. Despite differences in methodology and in policy implications, Marxist theory, dominant in the 1920s, and neoclassical economics, dominant in the 1990s, offered a similarly reductive account of law as subservient to wider economic forces. In both cases, the subordinate place accorded to law undermined the transition process. Although path dependence and history are frequently invoked to explain the limited development of the rule of law in Russia during the 1990s, policy choices driven by a deterministic conception of law and economics also played a role.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40803-015-0012-

<span style="font-size: 21.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">A comparative study on the beneficial effects of garlic <i>(Allium sativum </i>Linn), amla <i>(Emblica Officinalis </i>Gaertn)and onion <i>(Allium cepa </i>Linn) on the <span style="font-size: 21.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">hyperlipidemia induced by butter fat and beef fat in rats </span></span>

760-766<span style="font-size: 15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">Three months feeding of butter fat (BUF) and beef (BF) separately as components of diet at a level of 21 <span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;font-family:" arial","sans-serif""="">% <span style="font-size:15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">by weight for albino rats, significantly raised their serum and tissue lipids, lipid peroxidation and activities of certain enzymes. BUF was found to be more atherogenic than BF. On incorporation of 5% garlic, amla or onion separately in the above diets, each of them ameliorated the deleterious effects of the animal fats. A higher hyperlipidemic effect of BUF a s compared to that of SF may be due to the fact that the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fats is lower for the former (0.56) than for the latter (0.75) and also that the former is richer in cholesterol content than the latter. The order of the curative effects of the vegetables are gariic>amla>onion. The better hypolipidemic effects and correction of elevated levels of certain enzymes shown by garlic and amia may be due to the facts that they contain comparatively better active principles than that found in onions. </span

Colors 1988

CONTENTS Velvet Hill, Sharlet R. Driggs 1; An Idea, Donna Muffick 2; Behind The Porcelain Mask, Lea Cramer 3; City Girl, Brian Sullivan 4; White Death, Kelli Skabronski 5; God’s Altar, Edward Kennedy 6; Images, Wanda Fleming 7; June, Lea Cramer 8; Only, Terry Lowman 9; When My Thoughts Turn To You, Bobbi Hayward 10; Taken For Granted, Brian Sullivan 11; Syncopated Beat, Deanna Pelensky-Kampfer 12; My First Spring Without Baseball, Colin Charles Irvine 13; A Renowned Sage Addresses Gnomes and Hobbits, Brian G. Cameron 14; Essay #9: From the Bitter Sweet Years, Terry Rose 17; Mutt Mania, Mark Bennett 21; Old Woman Steps Out Of Coffin At Her Own Funeral, John Amoroso 24; Shelter, Brian G. Cameron 25; 756th Homerun, Rika Tamai 27; Birth in a Thousand-Acre Field, Sharlet Driggs 30; And The What Ran Away With Whom?, L.E. Turner 32; Black Ice, Tom Harpole 33