Prevalence Rates of Mental Disorders in Chilean Prisons

PMCID: PMC371883

Are We Speaking the Same Language? Recommendations for a Definition and Categorization Framework for Plastic Debris

Embargo until 04 Jan 2020The accumulation of plastic litter in natural environments is a global issue. Concerns over potential negative impacts on the economy, wildlife, and human health provide strong incentives for improving the sustainable use of plastics. Despite the many voices raised on the issue, we lack a consensus on how to define and categorize plastic debris. This is evident for microplastics, where inconsistent size classes are used and where the materials to be included are under debate. While this is inherent in an emerging research field, an ambiguous terminology results in confusion and miscommunication that may compromise progress in research and mitigation measures. Therefore, we need to be explicit on what exactly we consider plastic debris. Thus, we critically discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a unified terminology, propose a definition and categorization framework, and highlight areas of uncertainty. Going beyond size classes, our framework includes physicochemical properties (polymer composition, solid state, solubility) as defining criteria and size, shape, color, and origin as classifiers for categorization. Acknowledging the rapid evolution of our knowledge on plastic pollution, our framework will promote consensus building within the scientific and regulatory community based on a solid scientific foundation.acceptedVersio

Adoption of Fodder legumes technology through farmer-to-farmer extension approach

Adoption studies on fodders legume technologies have shown that spread of the technology is significantly enhanced by informal methods of dissemination especially famer-to-farmer extension. It is not known which type of farmers are involved in this dissemination. The objective of this study was to identify farm and farmer characteristics that influence farmer-to-farmer extension hence identify the type of farmers that can disseminate fodder legume technologies.  A random sample of 130 farmers who had been given calliandra in central Kenya responded to a structured questionnaire. Information collected included farm and farmer characteristics and the number of farmers the original farmer had given Callinadra  outside the original group. A tobit model was used to analyze the data to get the magnitude of the effects of factors affecting the probability and the intensity of giving out the fodder. Results showed that farmers with positions in farmer groups, with community responsibility, with larger amounts of Desodium spp., on their farms, with more years of the fodder on their farms, with low access to markets, and with off farm income were positively involved in spread of the fodder legume. It was recommended that this type of farmers be targeted with support to increase spread of the technology

The Equitable and Prospering Utilization of Former HGU (Right of Exploitation) Land for Indonesian Farmers

The right of exploitation (HGU) case in Rangkas Bitung district, Lebak Regency can indeed be classified as a light agrarian conflict category. This cannot be separated from the conflict dynamics involving various parties with varied interests. The reclaiming and compensation cases with Rangkasbitung people constitute other clear facts which show that not only this HGU only presents ecological facts, but it also indicates socially-constructed landscape to meet a function as an area of living, a place to grow the collective identity of a community group and to develop the community culture.</jats:p

The Equitable and Prospering Utilization of Former HGU (Right of Exploitation) Land for Indonesian Farmers

The right of exploitation (HGU) case in Rangkas Bitung district, Lebak Regency can indeed be classified as a light agrarian conflict category. This cannot be separated from the conflict dynamics involving various parties with varied interests. The reclaiming and compensation cases with Rangkasbitung people constitute other clear facts which show that not only this HGU only presents ecological facts, but it also indicates socially-constructed landscape to meet a function as an area of living, a place to grow the collective identity of a community group and to develop the community culture

Adoption of Fodder legumes technology through farmer-to-farmer extension approach

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Functional analyses of Pericentrin and Syne-2 interaction in ciliogenesis

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Mental health in the workplace – What role do socioeconomic-, gender-, and migration-related inequalities play?

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Risikofaktoren für die psychische Gesundheit sind häufig in sozioökonomischen, geschlechter- und migrationsspezifischen Ungleichheiten begründet. Diese sowie die Ausprägung der Depressivität, Ängstlichkeit und Somatisierung von Beschäftigten wurden in der vorliegenden Studie untersucht. Methoden Im Rahmen der friaa-Studie („Frühe Intervention am Arbeitsplatz“) wurden psychisch belastete Beschäftigte an 5 Standorten in Deutschland zu soziodemografischen, arbeits-, migrations- und gesundheitsbezogenen Inhalten befragt. Mittels Regressionsanalysen wurde der Zusammenhang dieser Faktoren mit Depressivität (Patient-Health-Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9), Ängstlichkeit (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2, GAD-2) und Somatisierung (Somatic Symptom Scale-8, SSS-8) an der gesamten Stichprobe sowie bei Personen mit Migrationshintergrund (MH) untersucht. Bei Letzteren wurden zusätzlich die Akkulturation (Frankfurter Akkulturationsskala, FRAKK) und das Belastungsempfinden gegenüber Migrationsanforderungen (Demands of Immigration Scale, DIS) berücksichtigt. Ergebnisse Die 550 Beschäftigten (12 % mit MH) wiesen im Durchschnitt eine klinisch relevante Depressivität (M = 13,0, SD = 5,1) (PHQ-9 ≥ 10), Ängstlichkeit (M = 3,5, SD = 1,7) (GAD ≥ 3) sowie Somatisierung (M = 13,0, SD = 5,8) (SSS-8 ≥ 12) auf. Das weibliche Geschlecht war mit höheren Werten für Ängstlichkeit und Somatisierung assoziiert. Höheres Alter und Nachtschichtarbeit hingen mit stärkerer Somatisierung zusammen. Diskussion Die Ergebnisse bestätigen die hohe psychische Belastung der Beschäftigten in dieser Stichprobe aus Deutschland. Um deren psychische Gesundheit aufrechtzuerhalten, sollten Unterstützungsmaßnahmen insbesondere für vulnerable Gruppen wie Frauen, ältere Beschäftigte und Nachtschichtarbeitende angeboten werden.Background Risk factors for mental health can be found in socio-economic-, gender- and migration-specific inequalities. These factors and the extent of depression, anxiety, and somatization among employees were examined in the present study. Methods As part of the Early Intervention in the Workplace Study (friaa), mentally burdened employees at five locations in Germany were surveyed on socio-demographic-, work-, migration-, and health-related content. Regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between these factors and depression (Patient-Health-Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2, GAD-2), and somatization (Somatic Symptom Scale-8, SSS-8) in the entire sample and in people with migration background (MB). For the latter, acculturation (Frankfurt Acculturation Scale, FRACC) and the perception of burden in terms of demands of immigration (Demands of Immigration Scale, DIS) were also taken into account. Results On average, the 550 employees (12% with MB) showed clinically relevant depression (M = 13.0, SD = 5.1) (PHQ-9 ≥ 10), anxiety (M = 3.5, SD = 1.7) (GAD ≥ 3) and somatization (M = 13.0, SD = 5.8) (SSS-8 ≥ 12). Female gender was associated with higher anxiety and somatization. Older age and night shift work were associated with higher somatization. Discussion The results confirm the high level of mental burden among this sample of employees in Germany. In order to maintain their mental health, support measures should be offered, especially for vulnerable groups such as women, older employees, and night shift workers.Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (1041