Patienten mit schizophrenen Störungen im psychiatrischen Maßregelvollzug: Ergeben sich Konsequenzen für die Allgemeinpsychiatrie?

Zusammenfassung: Es wurde eine Erhebung zu soziodemographischen, kriminologischen und psychiatrischen Merkmalen der 2007 gemäß §63 StGB und §126a StPO in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern untergebrachten Patienten mit Erkrankungen aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis durchgeführt. Dabei konnten Daten zu allen im Untersuchungszeitraum untergebrachten 45Probanden erhoben werden. Diese stellen einen Anteil von 22% an der Gesamtzahl der 202 im Erhebungszeitraum untergebrachten Patienten. Dieser Wert liegt deutlich unter den Daten westlicher und auch eher städtisch geprägter Bundesländer. Ähnlich wie in anderen Untersuchungen aus Deutschland und Österreich zeigt sich eine hohe Rate von Vorbehandlungen in der Allgemeinpsychiatrie. Es bleibt eine wichtige Aufgabe, adäquate Interventionsstrategien für fremdaggressive Patienten mit kombinierten psychischen Störungen (z.B. Schizophrenie und Sucht), strafrechtlicher Vorgeschichte und fehlenden sozialen Perspektiven zu entwickel

On the origin of the A1g_{1g} and B1g_{1g} electronic Raman scattering peaks in the superconducting state of YBa2_{2}Cu3_{3}O7−δ_{7-\delta}

The electronic Raman scattering has been investigated in optimally oxygen doped YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{7-\delta}$ single crystals as well as in crystals with non-magnetic, Zn, and magnetic, Ni, impurities. We found that the intensity of the A$_{1g}$ peak is impurity independent and their energy to $T_{c}$ ratio is almost constant ($2\Delta/k_{B}T_{c}\sim5$). Moreover, the signal at the B$_{1g}$ channel is completely smeared out when non-magnetic Zn impurities are present. These results are qualitatively interpreted in terms of the Zeyher and Greco's theory that relates the electronic Raman scattering in the A$_{1g}$ and B$_{1g}$ channels to \textit{d}-CDW and superconducting order parameters fluctuations, respectively.Comment: Submited to Phys. Rev. Let

Outcome and predictors for successful resuscitation in the emergency room of adult patients in traumatic cardiorespiratory arrest

BACKGROUND: Data of the TraumaRegister DGU® were analyzed to derive survival rates, neurological outcome and prognostic factors of patients who had suffered traumatic cardiac arrest in the early treatment phase. METHODS: The database of the TraumaRegister DGU® from 2002 to 2013 was analyzed. The main focus of this survey was on different time points of performed resuscitation. Descriptive and multivariate analyses (logistic regression) were performed with the neurological outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale) and survival rate as the target variable. Patients were classified according to CPR in the prehospital phase and/or in the emergency room (ER). Patients without CA served as a control group. The database does not include patients who required prehospital CPR but did not achieve ROSC. RESULTS: A total of 3052 patients from a total of 38,499 cases had cardiac arrest during the early post-trauma phase and required CPR in the prehospital phase and/or in the ER. After only prehospital resuscitation (n = 944) survival rate was 31.7 %, and 14.7 % had a good/moderate outcome. If CPR was required in the ER only (n = 1197), survival rate was 25.6 %, with a good/moderate outcome in 19.2 % of cases. A total of 4.8 % in the group with preclinical and ER resuscitation survived, and just 2.7 % had a good or moderate outcome. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed the following prognostic factors for survival after traumatic cardiac arrest: prehospital CPR, shock, coagulopathy, thorax drainage, preclinical catecholamines, unconsciousness, and injury severity (Injury Severity Score). CONCLUSIONS: With the knowledge that prehospital resuscitated patients who not reached the hospital could not be included, CPR after severe trauma seems to yield a better outcome than most studies have reported, and appears to be more justified than the current guidelines would imply. Preclinical resuscitation is associated with a higher survival rate and better neurological outcome compared with resuscitation in the ER. If resuscitation in the ER is necessary after a preclinical performed resuscitation the survival rate is marginal, even though 56 % of these patients had a good and moderate outcome. The data we present may support algorithms for resuscitation in the future

Anomalous Self-Energy Effects of the B_1g Phonon in Y_{1-x}(Pr,Ca)_xBa_2Cu_3O_7 Films

In Raman spectra of cuprate superconductors the gap shows up both directly, via a redistribution of the electronic background, the so-called "2Delta peaks", and indirectly, e.g. via the renormalization of phononic excitations. We use a model that allows us to study the redistribution and the related phonon self-energy effects simultaneously. We apply this model to the B_1g phonon of Y_{1-x}(Pr,Ca)_xBa_2Cu_3O_7 films, where Pr or Ca substitution enables us to investigate under- and overdoped samples. While various self-energy effects can be explained by the strength and energy of the 2\Delta peaks, anomalies remain. We discuss possible origins of these anomalies.Comment: 6 pages including 4 figure

Raman study of carrier-overdoping effects on the gap in high-Tc superconducting cuprates

Raman scattering in the heavily overdoped (Y,Ca)Ba_2Cu_3O_{7-d} (T_c = 65 K) and Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_{8+d} (T_c = 55 K) crystals has been investigated. For the both crystals, the electronic pair-breaking peaks in the A_{1g} and B_{1g} polarizations were largely shifted to the low energies close to a half of 2Delta_0, Delta_0 being the maximum gap. It strongly suggests s-wave mixing into the d-wave superconducting order parameter and the consequent manifestation of the Coulomb screening effect in the B_{1g}-channel. Gradual mixing of s-wave component with overdoping is not due to the change of crystal structure symmetry but a generic feature in all high-T_c superconducting cuprates.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. B, Rapid communicaito

Phonon Hall effect in ionic crystals in the presence of static magnetic field

We study phonon Hall effect (PHE) for ionic crystals in the presence of static magnetic field. Using Green-Kubo formula, we present an exact calculation of thermal conductivity tensor by considering both positive and negative frequency phonons. Numerical results are shown for some lattices such as hexagonal lattices, triangular lattices, and square lattices. We find that the PHE occurs on the nonmagnetic ionic crystal NaCl, although the magnitude is very small which is due to the tiny charge-to-mass ratio of the ions. The off-diagonal thermal conductivity is finite for nonzero magnetic field and changes sign for high value of magnetic field at high temperature. We also found that the off-diagonal thermal conductivity diverges as $\pm{1/T}$ at low temperature

Electronic Raman scattering in YBCO and other superconducting cuprates

Superconductivity induced structures in the electronic Raman spectra of high-Tc superconductors are computed using the results of ab initio LDA-LMTO three-dimensional band structure calculations via numerical integrations of the mass fluctuations, either in the whole 3D Brillouin zone or limiting the integrations to the Fermi surface. The results of both calculations are rather similar, the Brillouin zone integration yielding additional weak structures related to the extended van Hove singularities. Similar calculations have been performed for the normal state of these high-Tc cuprates. Polarization configurations have been investigated and the results have been compared to experimental spectra. The assumption of a simple d_(x^2-y^2)-like gap function allows us to explain a number of experimental features but is hard to reconcile with the relative positions of the A1g and B1g peaks.Comment: 14 pages, LaTeX (RevTeX), 5 PostScript figures, uses multicol.sty, submitted to PR

Non-equlibrium effects in transport through quantum dots

The role of non-equilibrium effects in the conductance through quantum dots is investigated. Associated with single-electron tunneling are shake-up processes and the formation of excitonic-like resonances. They change qualitatively the low temperature properties of the system. We analyze by quantum Monte Carlo methods the renormalization of the effective capacitance and the gate-voltage dependent conductance. Experimental relevance is discussed.Comment: 10 pages, 8 postscript figure