Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Investigation of Ficus carica Linn.

Ficus carica Linn. (Syn: Ficus sycomorous; family: Moraceae) is grows in tropical and subtropical regions of India, used for varity of purpose in traditional medicine. The usefulness of this plant is scientifically evidenced, and different biologically active phytoconstituents were isolated form plant. But no reports are available on morphoanatomy, and phytochemical studies, hence present attempt was undertaken to investigate the microscopical and preliminary phytochemical studies. The study revels the midrib is biconvex and lamina is dorsiventral, shows presence of nonglandular trichome, anomocytic stomata, prismatic calcium oxalate crystals. It shows presence of steroids, triterpenoids, cumarines, flavanoids and glycoside

Estimation of total phenolic, total flavonoid content and evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of Ixora coccinea Linn. stems

Ixora coccinea Linn. (Rubiaceae) has mentioned in Ayurveda as Paranti and traditionally stems used in inflammatory diseases like sprains, eczema, contusions and boils.  Present study deals with evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of extracts of I.coccinea stem. Anti-inflammatory activity was studied in vivo by carrageenan-induced paw edema in rat and in vitro by human red blood cell membrane stabilization method. Total tannin and flavonoid content of extracts was determined by using the Folin- Ciocalteu method and aluminum chloride method, respectively. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by in vitro assay involving nitric oxide scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, 2,2-  diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, and ion chelating activity. Chloroform extract showed significant reduction in carrageenan induced rat paw edema (p<0.05) and protection of HRBC in hypotonic solution. Methanol extract contain more total tannin and flavonoid content as compared with petroleum ether and chloroform extract. All extracts showed concentration dependant free radical scavenging activity. Methanol extract and chloroform extract have shown better antioxidant activity and due to this antioxidant nature might be responsible for its anti-inflammatory activity. These activity supports to use of I.coccinea extract in traditional used in treatment of various inflammatory disaeses

From START to FINISH : the influence of osmotic stress on the cell cycle

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Automated design of DNA origami

Peer reviewe

Hubungan antara Kemampuan Manajerial Kepala Sekolah, Motivasi Guru, Lingkungan Kerja, dan Komitmen Guru dengan Kinerja Guru di SMP se Kabupaten Bantul

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) pengaruh kemampuan manajerial kepala sekolah, motivasi kerja guru, lingkungan kerja, dan komitmen guru secara bersama-sama terhadap kinerja guru, (2) pengaruh kemampuan manajerial kepala sekolah, motivasi kerja guru, lingkungan kerja, dan komitmen guru secara parsial terhadap kinerja guru, dan (3) faktor dominan yang berpengaruh terhadap kinerja guru. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yakni penelitian yang menekankan analisisnya pada data numerik (angka) yang diolah dengan metode statistik. Populasi penelitian ini adalah semua guru SMP Negeri sekabupaten Bantul yang berjumlah 1788 guru. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 180 guru yang diambil dari 9 sekolah, masing-masing diambil 20 orang. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah stratified proporsional random sampling. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data primer yakni melalui pengisian kuesioner. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji statistik regresi berganda dengan cara simultan dan parsial. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa kemampuan manajerial kepala sekolah, motivasi guru, lingkungan kerja, dan komitmen guru secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap kinerja guru SMP Kabupaten Bantul. Hal itu ditunjukkan oleh nilai Fhitung sebesar 30,269 (p < 0,000), keeratan hubungan antara kemampuan manajerial kepala sekolah, motivasi guru, lingkungan kerja, dan komitmen guru dengan kinerja guru SMP ditunjukkan dengan Nilai Adjusted R2 yang diperoleh sebesar 0,395. Ini berarti bahwa sebesar 39,5 persen kinerja guru dipengaruhi secara bersama-sama oleh kemampuan manajerial kepala sekolah, motivasi guru, lingkungan kerja, dan komitmen guru. Sementara itu, sebesar 60,5% lainnya dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain diantaranya faktor keahlian, ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana sekolah, faktor usia, dan lain-lain. Hasil pengujian secara parsial memperlihatkan bahwa kemampuan manajerial kepala sekolah, motivasi guru, lingkungan kerja, dan komitmen guru secara individual memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kinerja guru SMP di Kabupaten Bantul. Hal itu ditunjukkan oleh kemampuan manajerial kepala sekolah dengan nilai thitung 2,548 dengan nilai beta sebesar 0,143 (p < 0,01), SE sebesar 3,5%, dengan keeratan hubungan sebesar (r) 0,189; motivasi guru dengan nilai thitung 3,308 dengan nilai beta sebesar 0,271 (p < 0,001), keeratan hubungan sebesar (r) 0,243, SE sebesar 5,9%; lingkungan kerja dengan nilai thitung 2,889 dengan nilai beta sebesar 0,129 (p < 0,004), keeratan hubungan sebesar (r) 0,213, SE sebesar 4,5%; komitmen guru dengan nilai thitung 4,864 dengan nilai beta sebesar 0,371 (p < 0,000), keeratan hubungan sebesar (r) 0,345, SE sebesar 11,9%. Komitmen guru berpengaruh lebih kuat terhadap kinerja guru. Hal itu ditunjukkan oleh nilai koefisien regresi (Beta) sebesar 0,371

Desktop 3D printing of controlled release pharmaceutical bilayer tablets

Three dimensional (3D) printing was used as a novel medicine formulation technique for production of viable tablets capable of satisfying regulatory tests and matching the release of standard commercial tablets. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC 2208) (Methocel™ K100M Premium) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) (Carbopol® 974P NF) were used as a hydrophilic matrix for a sustained release (SR) layer. Hypromellose® (HPMC 2910) was used as a binder while microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) (Pharmacel® 102) and sodium starch glycolate (SSG) (Primojel®) were used as disintegrants for an immediate release (IR) layer. Commercial guaifenesin bi-layer tablets (GBT) were used as a model drug (Mucinex®) for this study. There was a favourable comparison of release of the active guaifenesin from the printed hydrophilic matrix compared with the commercially available GBT. The printed formulations were also evaluated for physical and mechanical properties such as weight variation, friability, hardness and thickness as a comparison to the commercial tablet and were within acceptable range as defined by the international standards stated in the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP). All formulations (standard tablets and 3D printed tablets) showed Korsmeyer-Peppas n values between 0.27 and 0.44 which indicates Fickian diffusion drug release through a hydrated HPMC gel layer

Ascorbic Acid is an Abettor in Calcium Urolithiasis: An Experimental Study

Two sets of animal experiments using guinea pigs were planned to evaluate the effect of ascorbic acid supplementation on the lithogenic process. In the first set of experiments, 10, 40, and 60 mg doses of ascorbic acid/100g body weight/day were given for 105 days. Neither of the ascorbic acid doses given induced crystalluria, calcification or stone formation, thereby confirming our previous findings that ascorbic acid in the doses used by clinicians does not cause urolith formation. In the second set of experiments, ascorbic acid was supplemented in hypercalciuric (induced by calcium carbonate feeding) and hyperoxaluric (induced by sodium oxalate feeding) animals for 45 days. The results indicated that it exacerbated the calcification process in renal and bladder tissue

Nose-to-brain delivery of insulin nanoparticles for diabetes management: A review

Hyperglycemia and the onset of insulin resistance or deficiency, or both, are the hallmarks of the group of diseases known as diabetes. Ultimately, insulin subcutaneous injection is the most effective treatment for diabetic patients. However, most patients must self-administer insulin at least twice daily for the rest of their lives, as this form of administration is frequently uncomfortable and inconvenient. Infections, insulin precipitation, lipoatrophy, or lipohypertrophy are commonly observed at the injection site. To date, nasal, pulmonary, and oral methods of insulin administration have been explored. Although insulin stimulation is the ideal method for diabetic patients, there are several obstacles to overcome, such as rapid insulin degradation in the stomach and limited oral bioavailability. Various strategies have been approved to improve these parameters, including the use of enzyme inhibitors, mucoadhesive polymeric agents, absorption-enhancing agents, and chemical modifications. Insulin-loaded nanocarriers can bypass numerous physiological limitations. The current review discusses the approach of nanotechnology in nose-to-brain delivery of nanoparticles for diabetes management