FPGA based Security Login System using GSM with OTP Generation

Security of system is major concern in this age of high-tech infrastructure. In today\u27s materialistic world, security holds an in dispensable place. Security in every aspect is highly desirable may be at home or at office etc. as thefts and robberies are increasing day by day. To overcome this security threat, a security system has been proposed using GSM technology, by generating One Time Password and implementing in FPGA. As FPGAs offer all of the features needed to implement most complex designs. This security system activates, authenticates and validates the user and then unlocks the system. This project attempts to create security login systemwhere the user is granted access if he enters the correct predefined password and is denied access if he enter the wrong password. When password is entered GSM gets activated and send SMS to user\u27s mobile phone, after authentication random OTP is generated and should be verified such that the system gets accessed. In every 3 minutes this OTP verification code will change and is valid for 3 minutes. The outcome of each and all would be available in the LCD of the Spartan 3E board. VHDL codes are used to design this system using Xilinx ISE 9.2i

Polar opposites? NGOs, left parties and the fight for social change in Nepal

In the early 1990s, when NGOs were rising to prominence as an ostensible force for social change in Nepal, the Maoists were also beginning to organise, and denounced NGOs as agents of imperialism. The Maoists came to prominence by fighting a People’s War launched in 1996, with the intention of improving life for the poor peasant and working-class majority. But after a decade-long struggle, the Maoists became incorporated into the parliamentary system. While Nepal’s first democratic revolution in 1990 met formal, popular political demands, which were consolidated in a subsequent revolution in 2006 overthrowing the monarchy and bringing the People’s War to an end, there was little socio-economic progress for the vast majority. The argument advanced in this article is that this lack of progress relied on the interplay of two phenomena: an anti-Maoist alliance consisting of the international community, the domestic ruling elite and NGOs, and a fundamental ambiguity at the heart of the Maoists’ political theory

Women and citizenship post-trafficking : the case of Nepal

The research for this paper was funded by the Economic and Social Research Council – ESRC Res-062-23-1490: ‘Post Trafficking in Nepal: Sexuality and Citizenship in Livelihood Strategies’. Diane Richardson would like to acknowledge the support provided by the award of a Leverhulme TrustMajor Research Fellowship, ‘Transforming Citizenship: Sexuality, Gender and Citizenship Struggles’ [award MRF-2012-106].This article analyses the relationship between gender, sexuality and citizenship embedded in models of citizenship in the Global South, specifically in South Asia, and the meanings associated with having - or not having - citizenship. It does this through an examination of women's access to citizenship in Nepal in the context of the construction of the emergent nation state in the 'new' Nepal 'post-conflict'. Our analysis explores gendered and sexualized constructions of citizenship in this context through a specific focus on women who have experienced trafficking, and are beginning to organize around rights to sustainable livelihoods and actively lobby for changes in citizenship rules which discriminate against women. Building from this, in the final section we consider important implications of this analysis of post-trafficking experiences for debates about gender, sexuality and citizenship more broadly.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Trends and Challenges in Electrifying Technical Organic Synthesis

Organic electrosynthesis is a potential enabler for the energy and resource transition in the chemical industry as it offers a sustainable alternative to homogeneous or heterogeneous processes for producing fine and commodity chemicals. It utilizes electricity instead of hazardous reagents and, thus, also allows reducing the product’s carbon footprint and waste production. It enables dynamic operation and safe operation due to galvanostatic process control. Electro-organic processes are not yet widespread. Engineering tools have not yet been tailored to electro-organic processes, and more quantitative and model-based insight is needed. Extensive adoption in the industry requires also efforts regarding electrode material performance and stability, scalable reactor design, and process digitization. Addressing these issues requires interdisciplinary collaboration, particularly between chemists and engineers, to accelerate process implementation with high efficiency and economic feasibility

Standardization of recipe for preparation of guava jelly bar

ABSTRACT Firm ripe guava fruits o

Approaches to fostering active learning techniques for generation Z in nursing education: concept review article

Nursing education is undergoing a significant transformation as generation Z enters the field, requiring educators to adapt their pedagogical approaches to effectively engage and prepare these digital natives for the complexities of modern healthcare. Adapting medical curriculum to the needs of the generation Z may bridge the generational divides. Generation Z is the most diverse generation identified. With traits like tech-savviness, flexibility in learning, social relevance, creativity, self-expressiveness, predominant hands-on learners valuing practical skills, driven with immediate feedback, engaging learners, participatory, curious, collaborative, self-directed, preferring autonomy yet a short attention span, they demand comfortable, conducive learning environments that fulfil their learning goals. These tips expressed aimed to sensitize the instructors to merely act as facilitators with the help of the mentioned active strategies, thereby enhancing the satisfaction of both teachers and learners

Analysis of microsatellite polymorphisms in south Indian patients with non syndromic cleft lip and palate

Non Syndromic Cleft Lip and/or Palate (NSCLP) is a complex congenital anomaly with varying incidence among patients of different geographical origins. Multiple contributing factors are known to trigger the cleft formation. There are several genes involved in the aetiology of NSCLP and they are different in different populations. The genetic components of clefts that underlie the susceptibility to respond to the environment still remain unclear. In this study, five microsatellite polymorphisms from five candidate genes were employed to analyze the association between these genes and NSCLP in 83 patients and 90 controls. Genotyping was performed by separating and visualizing the fluorescently-labeled Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) products. The association of the five microsatellite polymorphisms with NSCLP was tested by using the CLUMP v1.9 program that uses the Monte Carlo method. The genotypic distribution is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the control group for only the MSX1 and DLX3 genes. The RARA microsatellite was significantly associated with NSCLP. Our results suggest that the RARA gene is involved in pathogenesis of cleft lip and palate in south Indians