Capacity Building in Local Government

The aim of this research is to examine the concept of local government capacity building in boththeoretical and operational aspects, regarding especially with local authorities in Indonesia, after theenforcement of regional autonomy. This is a basic research (fundamental research) of library researchtype. Data collection technique involves using data sourced from a variety of secondary sources, as itshould be; books, journals, and related legislation. To draw a conclusion regarding with the building ofregional capacity after the implementation of regional autonomy, the data are analyzed using descriptiveanalysis technique; that is, examining secondary data based on Indonesian condition. This researchconcludes that Capacity Building is a huge job for the an autonomous local government, particularlywhen dealing with the system which is deemed to prioritize self-serving rather than public serving; yetthis capacity building mission deserves to fight for. Stakeholders (other than legislatives) need toregularly monitor the improved performance of the government so that the high expectation of the societycould be fulfilled through the enforcement of regional autonomy

Automation on the generation of genome scale metabolic models

Background: Nowadays, the reconstruction of genome scale metabolic models is a non-automatized and interactive process based on decision taking. This lengthy process usually requires a full year of one person's work in order to satisfactory collect, analyze and validate the list of all metabolic reactions present in a specific organism. In order to write this list, one manually has to go through a huge amount of genomic, metabolomic and physiological information. Currently, there is no optimal algorithm that allows one to automatically go through all this information and generate the models taking into account probabilistic criteria of unicity and completeness that a biologist would consider. Results: This work presents the automation of a methodology for the reconstruction of genome scale metabolic models for any organism. The methodology that follows is the automatized version of the steps implemented manually for the reconstruction of the genome scale metabolic model of a photosynthetic organism, {\it Synechocystis sp. PCC6803}. The steps for the reconstruction are implemented in a computational platform (COPABI) that generates the models from the probabilistic algorithms that have been developed. Conclusions: For validation of the developed algorithm robustness, the metabolic models of several organisms generated by the platform have been studied together with published models that have been manually curated. Network properties of the models like connectivity and average shortest mean path of the different models have been compared and analyzed.Comment: 24 pages, 2 figures, 2 table

Diagnosis Penyakit Gigi Periodontal Menggunakan Sistem Pakar Fuzzy

Penyakit periodontal merupakan salah satu penyakit yang sangat meluas dalamkehidupan masyarakat. Seperti cabang medis lainnya, pengobatan yang tepat hanyadengan diagnosis yang benar terhadap gejala-gejala suatu penyakit. Diagnosis inidilakukan dengan evaluasi pemeriksaan klinis. Namun, pemeriksaan klinis inimengandung ketidakpastian (ambiguitas) data, sehingga diperlukan perhitungan yangtepat untuk mengukur dan menentukan kriteria keparahan peradangan pada gigi. Padapenelitian ini mengembangkan sistem pakar fuzzy untuk mengdiagnosis penyakit gigiperiodontal. Pengukuran relatif digunakan untuk mendapatkan nilai akurasi denganMean Percentage Absolute Error (MAPE). MAPE merupakan nilai tengah kesalahanpersentase absolut dari suatu peramalan atau prediksi. Hasil perhitungan nilai galatdiperoleh sebesar 9,91% sehingga akurasi penelitian ini diperoleh sebesar 90,09%

Factors Determining Profit of Rubber and Oil Palm Smallholders in Batanghari, Jambi

Scarcity causes the competition of land use for rubber and oil palm plantation. Hence, the decision of land use is based on the differences of profit. The higher profits, the higher incentive to farmers for developing a commodity. Land scarcity also leads smallholders to improve both rubber and oil palm without use more land. Hence, it is important to analyze the determinant factors of profit in these commodities. Hence, the specific objectives were to identify factors determining rubber and oil palm smallholders profit in Batanghari, Jambi and to compare the profit generated by rubber and oil palm smallholder. Survey method was conducted from October to December 2012 through direct observation and interview techniques. Analysis method used in this research is ordinary least square (OLS) where this method is developed in two regression models and descriptive analysis. The results show that in rubber plantation, factors determining profit are land size, tree age, number of productive tree, district, farmer age, herbicide, and labor, while in oil palm plantation, factors influencing profit are tree age, number of productive tree, district, NPK, and herbicide. Based on average profit generated in planted period, oil palm plantations is more profitable than rubber plantation, they are Rp. 9.387.561,00 and Rp. 8.763.116,00 per ha per year, respectively.Karet, kelapa sawit, ordinary least square, lab

Aktivitas Penghambatan Pembentukan Batu Ginjal (Antinefrolithiasis) Ekstrak Etanol Daun Gedi Merah (Abelmoschus Moschtus Medik) Pada Tikus Putih Jantan

Red Gedi (Abelmoschus moschatus Medik) is a plant found only in tropical climate areas such as Africa and Asia. Some people's experience in Manado stated that red gedi plants can be used to treat various types of disease, one of them was kidney stones. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the activity and the effective dose of red gedi leaf extract as an inhibitor of kidney stone formation. The extract was prepared by maceration using ethanol 96%. Inhibitory activity test of kidney stone formation was done by firstly dividing the labrats into 6 groups. Each group consisted of 3 male rats. Both the first group (Normal control) and the second group (Negative control) weregiven Na.CMC 0.5%; the third group (Positive control) was given Batugin Elixir at a dose of 2.7 ml/kgBW; while the fourth, fifth, and sixth were respectively given red gedileaf extract at doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kgBW. After 2 hours, all treatment groups were induced with0.75% of ethylene glycol and 2% of ammonium chloride except for the normal control. Ratio of kidney weight and the level of calcium were then measured and calculated. Data obtained were statistically analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis Of variance) and continued with LSD (Least Significantly Difference). It can be concluded that ethanol extract of red gedileaves had inhibitory activity of kidney stones formation in all dose variation and the most effective one was at a dose of 150 mg/kgB