Monoclonal antibodies in fish and shellfish health management in India

The paper describes the superiority of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) over conventional polyclonal antisera. Studies undertaken indicate that Aeromonas hydrophila isolates are highly heterogenous and variation exists even between isolates from a farm, requiring a large number of MAbs for classification and use of information in vaccine development. However, some of the MAbs could be used for detection of homologous isolates in fish kidney by immunodot assay and evaluation and standardization of biofilm of A. hydrophila for oral vaccination in carps

Opinion Poll: Big Data Implementation of Unstructured Data Analytics of Social Network Reviews Using Sentiment Analysis SVM

Recent systems developed are dependent on user feedbacks or opinions. These feedbacks or opinions are generated in volumes everyday which are difficult to filter and analyse. We propose Sentiment based analysis is the major key in categorizing the user\u27s Feedback. In thispaper, we study the processing of all the reviews posted in an online shopping application and classify them using SVM. We use big data to analyze the vast amounts of data generated. User reviews are the input to the Big Data HDFS System. Data are stored in the Data Nodes. Index is maintained in the Name Node. Reviews are analyzed using Sentiment Analysis and Positive Negative Tweets are classified. Also products are recommended based on the previous purchases and group notification is sent to all the customers in a group

EVALUATION OF ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC AND ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITIES OF AN EDIBLE GASTROPOD (ACHATINA FULICA) IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC MICE

Objective: The main purpose of this study was to evaluate antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of methanolic extracts of an ediblegastropod (Achatina fulica) in alloxan-induced diabetic mice.Methods: Alloxan (150 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [IP]) induced diabetic mice were treated with a methanolic extract of A. fulica (0.5 mg/dose/animal/IP)for a period of 10-day. The effect of the extract on body weight, organ indices, blood glucose levels, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoproteincholesterol(HDL-C),low-densitylipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol,veryLDL(VLDL) cholesterol,triglycerides(TGs),serumglutamicoxaloacetictransaminase(SGOT),serum glutamicpyruvictransaminase(SGPT), serum urea,and creatininewereassessed todivulgetheiractivityin controllingdiabetes-relatedmetabolic alterations.Results: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of aqueous A. fulica extract lead to the identification of 7 bioactive compounds, and themajor constituents of the extract were found to exert hypoglycemic activity. Diabetic animals with the treatment of A. fulica extract showed a significantdecrease in fasting blood glucose concentration (222.0±0.9 mg/dl) and a decrease in the levels of TC (105±32.3 mg/dl), LDL (31.6±25.8 mg/dl),VLDL (22.76±0.27 mg/dl), and TG (113±3.3 mg/dl) and a potent elevation in the level of serum HDL-C (64.3±8.5 mg/dl) in the extract treatedanimals when compared with the untreated. Liver marker enzymes such as SGPT and SGOT levels were further reduced in the treated group(SGPT - 0.86 ±0.004 IU/L, SGOT - 0.04±0.004 IU/L) after the IP administration of the gastropod extract. The levels of serum urea (6.1±0.94 mg/dl)and creatinine (9.08±2.9 mg/dl) were also significantly decreased after treatment with the extract, respectively, compared to the mean values of thediabetic group (6.31±1.38 mg/dl, 11.4±2.9 mg/dl).Conclusion: This confirms the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activity of A. fulica extract in alloxan-induced diabetic animals. From thepresent study, it can be concluded that the gastropod extract seems promising for the management of diabetes mellitus.Keywords: Diabetes, Antihyperglycemic, Antihyperlipidemic, Alloxan, Achatina fulica

IN VITRO ANTIHEMOLYTIC AND ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITIES OF ARISTOLOCHIA BRACTEATA (Lam.)

Background: Aristolochia bracteata (Lam.) is described in Ayurveda for the treatment of painful inflammations, cardiac disorders. Objectives: The present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical, in vitro antihemolytic and anti-arthritic activities of ethanolic extracts of leaf, stem and root of A. bracteata. The phytochemical, in vitro antihemolytic and anti-arthritic activities of different parts of A. bracteata by standard protocols. Results: The various bioactive phytocompounds such as carbohydrates, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and coumarins present in leaf, stem and roots of A. bracteata. The maximum protection of RBC membrane lysis was observed in ethanolic extract of A. bracteata. The ethanolic extracts of stem exhibited significant protection of membrane denaturation and proteinase inhibitory activities.  Conclusion: So, from this result indicates A. bracteata may be used in designing various pharmacological drugs and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.Â

Evaluation of Role of Ct Enterography in the Diagnosis of Small Bowel Pathology

Background: Aim: This study prospectively evaluates the role of CT Enterography(CTE) in diagnosis of small bowel pathology. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on 42 consecutive patients with suspected small bowel pathology. CTE was performed using polyethylene glycol(PEG) as oral neutral contrast agent. After ingestion of 2 L of PEG solution, plain and dual phase contrast CT scan was performed on all patients. Raw data and reconstructed images were studied on PACS workstation and degree of small bowel distension was assessed, abnormal small bowel was identified and studied in detail to arrive at a diagnosis. Statistical analysis was performed and sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were calculated by comparison of CTE with surgery and histopathology as Gold Standard. Results: In our study,age of the patient ranged from 18 to 75 years,maximum number of subjects were between 21 and 40 years of age. Abnormal small bowel was diagnosed in 15/42 (35.7%) patients. CTE correctly diagnosed Crohn’s disease in 5/6 cases (83%), small bowel adhesions in 4/4 cases (100%) and TB in 1/1 case (100%). We found that the overall accuracy of CTE in diagnosis of small bowel pathology was good. Sensitivity of CTE was found to be 100% for Crohn’s, bowel adhesions and abnormal small bowel in general and specificity to be 97.06%, 100% and 96.30 % respectively.However, the sensitivity for tuberculosis was found to be low, only 50% while specificity was 100.0%. This was in comparison with reference standard of surgery and/ or histopathology. Conclusion: CTE with large volume of PEG electrolyte solution as neutral oral contrast agent provides optimal luminal distension and adequate small bowel separation, thus enabling identification of mural changes, mucosal hyperenhancement, luminal as well as extraluminal abnormalities and active site of bleeding in cases of Gastro-intestinal bleed. In our study, we found CTE to be a highly sensitive and specific method for diagnosing small bowel pathology in accordance with other studies in the literature

ACTIVE-HASH-TABLE BASED PUBLIC AUDITING FOR SECURE CLOUD STORAGE

Public auditing scheme for secure cloud storage based on dynamic hash table, which is a new two-dimensional data structure located at a third-party auditor (TPA) to record the data property information for dynamic auditing. Differing form the existing works, the proposed scheme migrates the authorized information from the cloud services provider to the TPA and thereby significantly reduces the computational cost and communication overhead. Our scheme can also achieve higher updating efficiency than the state of the art schemes. In addition, we extend our scheme to support privacy preservation by combining the homomorphic authenticator based on the public key with the random masking generated by the TPA and achieve batch auditing by employing the aggregate BLS signature technique. We formally prove the security of the proposed scheme and evaluate the auditing performance by detailed experiments and comparisons with the existing ones. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can effectively achieve secure auditing for cloud storage and outperform the previous schemes’ in computation complexity, storage costs, and communication overhead

EVALUATION OF IN VITRO THROMBOLYTIC AND ANTIPROTEINASE ACTIVITIES OF WEDELIA TRILOBATA (LINN.)

ABSTRACTObjective: To determine the phytoconsistutents and in vitro thrombolytic and antiproteinase activities of aqueous extracts of leaf, stem and root of Wedelia trilobata.Methods: In vitro thrombolytic activity of aqueous extracts of different parts of W. trilobata against thrombolysis. In vitro antiproteinase activity of aqueous extracts of different parts of W. trilobata. Results: Phytochemical screening of aqueous extracts of leaf, stem and flower of W. trilobata showed various bioactive constituents such as carbohydrates, protein, phenols, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids and quinines in all three parts of aqueous extracts. The maximum dissolution of blood clot (thrombolysis or fibrinolysis) was observed in leaf extracts, when compared to stem and extracts of flower W. trilobata. The highest degree of proteinase activity was showed in stem of W. trilobata. Conclusions: Since the aqueous extracts of different part of W. trilobata possess pharmacological active phytocompounds may be responsible for thrombolytic and antiproteinase activities. In further, to isolate the phytocompounds from this plant may be substantiate an effective drug in pharmacologic aspect as thrombolytic and anti inflammatory therapy.Keywords: Wedelia trilobata, leaf, stem, flower, aqueous extracts. Â

The Effect of Crop Growth Stage on the Formation And Ability of Carbon Occlusion within Phytoliths in Rice Varieties

Carbon occlusion refers to the process by which carbon dioxide is incorporated into the silica structure of phytoliths during their formation. Microscopic silica formations called phytoliths develop inside plant cells. Phytoliths are microscopic, silica-based structures that develop inside plant cells. These silica bodies are deposited in various parts of the plant, such as leaves, stems, and reproductive organs. Carbon occlusion within phytoliths can potentially act as a long-term carbon sink, aiding in the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. They are commonly found in various plant species, including rice. This study focuses on investigating how the growth stage of rice crops affects the process of carbon occlusion within phytoliths. Phytoliths play important roles in plant structure, defense mechanisms, and carbon storage. The research study aims to examine how different growth stages of rice crops influence the formation of phytoliths and the extent to which carbon is occluded within them. It may involve conducting experiments or observations at different growth stages of rice plants, such as the seedling stage, vegetative stage, flowering stage, or maturity stage. The findings of this research could contribute to our understanding of the carbon sequestration potential of rice crops and how it varies throughout their growth cycle

PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND IN VITRO ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF PERGULARIA DAEMIA (Forsk.)

Objectives: The in vitro antiinflammatory activity of acetone and ethyl acetate extracts of Pergularia deamia leaf and stem. Methods: The different parts of extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening as per the standard protocols. In vitro anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated by red blood cell (RBC) membrane stabilization, protein denaturation, and antiproteinase methods. Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed that the presence of carbohydrates, phenol, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, and quinines in acetone extracts of plant. In vitro anti-inflammatory activities were tested using different concentrations of the extracts along with standard drug diclofenac sodium. The maximum anti-inflammatory activities were observed in ethyl acetate extracts of P. daemia. As the concentration of the extracts increased antiinflammatory activity also higher. Conclusion: The plant, therefore, might be considered as a natural source of RBC membrane stabilizers and prevention of protein denaturation, so it is substitute medicine for the management of inflammatory disorder