Cosmological horizon entropy and generalised second law for flat Friedmann Universe

We discuss the generalized second law (GSL) and the constraints imposed by it for two types of Friedmann universes. The first one is the Friedmann universe with radiation and a positive cosmological constant, and the second one consists of non-relativistic matter and a positive cosmological constant. The time evolution of the event horizon entropy and the entropy of the contents within the horizon are analyses in an analytical way by obtaining the Hubble parameter. It is shown that the GSL constraint the temperature of both the radiation and matter of the Friedmann universe. It is also shown that, even though the net entropy of the radiation (or matter) is decreasing at sufficiently large times as the universe expand, it exhibit an increase during the early times when universe is decelerating. That is the entropy of the radiation within the comoving volume is decreasing only when the universe has got an event horizon.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figure

Edible Oyster Farming in India

The oysters are highly esteemed sea food and considered a delicacy in USA, Europe, Japan etc. In India there is a growing demand for oyster meat in some parts of the country. It is said that ‘oyster’ is scientifically the best known marine animal. It is one of the most widely cultivated species. As early as the first century BC the Romans were the first to develop simple methods of collecting oyster seeds and growing them for food. The Japanese developed ‘Habitat culture technique.i.e. Culture in nets fixed to bamboo poles during the seventeenth century and at the turn of the 20th century they evolved off bottom culture, especially hanging methods. These methods yielded good results and were adopted by majority of oyster farmers of Japan as the environmental conditions of the coastal areas were highly favorable for practicing these methods. Until recently, oyster farming has been considered as a traditional practice followed only in the temperate countries. The awareness about the vast potentialities for development of oyster farming in tropics is recent. Serious efforts are now being directed in its development under tropical conditions

Plastic to Petrol

Perinjanam is a coastal village in Thrissur district in the state of Kerala, India. It is one of the smallest villages in Kerala. Perinjanam Panchayath has been recognized as the first Panchayath in India with ‘ISO 9001 2015’ certification. National Accreditation Board of Certification Body (NABCB) has conducted valuation in two steps and was found that the Panchayath has fulfilled the criteria suggested by Quality Council of India. The Science Centre was established in 2006 under the Charitable Society Act with an aim to undertake scientific experiments. Several Teachers and students are undertaking science related activities in 5 buildings spread over 70 cents of land of Kodungalloor Municipality. Mr. V. S. Sreejith, is the Director of Science Centre, has designed a plant and the perinjanam Panchayath has developed the prototype of a pyrolysis plant in which plastic waste is burnt and distilled to make petrol and other by products. This is a part of its endevour to find a low-cost and pollution free technology for processing non biodegradable waste