Atividade antibacteriana de óleos essenciais de plantas frente a linhagens de Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli isoladas de casos clínicos humanos

A ação antibacteriana in vitro de óleos essenciais de seis plantas foi verificada por meio da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM=%v/v) pela diluição dos óleos em meio de cultura Mueller Hinton Agar, frente a linhagens de Staphylococcus aureus (n=16) e Escherichia coli (n=16) isoladas de casos clínicos humanos, além de 1 amostra padrão ATCC para cada espécie (Sa ATCC 25923 e Ec ATCC 25922), e determinação de curvas de sobrevivência em concentrações equivalentes a CIM90% dos respectivos óleos. O óleo essencial de canela foi o mais eficiente, com valores de CIM90% de 0,047 e 0,09 para S. aureus e E. coli respectivamente, enquanto gengibre (0,09), cravo da índia (0,095) e capim cidreira (0,1) apresentaram eficiências semelhantes para S. aureus. Frente a E. coli, os óleos de gengibre (0,52) e capim cidreira (0,55) foram equivalentes quanto à eficiência. De acordo com as curvas de sobrevivência, foi possível verificar também que os valores de CIM90% obtidos podem ser tanto bactericidas ou bacteriostáticas de acordo com a bactéria testada. Em conclusão, verificou-se que os óleos essenciais testados foram efetivos no controle do desenvolvimento bacteriano, sendo o potencial antimicrobiano diferente em função da espécie bacteriana testada, sendo que a bactéria Gram positiva (S. aureus) mostrou-se mais susceptível aos óleos testados que a Gram negativa (E. coli).The in vitro antibacterial activity of essential oils from six plants was verified through minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC=%v/v), determined by diluting the oils in culture medium Mueller Hinton Agar, against Staphylococcus aureus (n=16) and Escherichia coli (n=16) strains isolated from human clinical specimens, besides one standard ATCC strain for each species (Sa 25923 and Ec 25922). Time-kill curves were also determined at concentrations equivalent to MIC90% for the respective oils. Cinnamon oil was the most efficient, with MIC90% values of 0.047 and 0.09 against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively, whereas ginger (0.09), cloves (0.095) and lemon grass (0.1) showed similar activities against S. aureus. Ginger (0.52) and lemon grass (0.55) oils were equivalent in efficiency against E. coli strains. According to the time-kill curves, the obtained MIC90% values could indicate either bactericidal or bacteriostatic effects depending on the tested bacterium. Thus, the studied essential oils were effective to control bacterial development, the antimicrobial potential differed with the tested bacterial species, and Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus) strains were more susceptible to the tested oils than Gram-negative ones (E. coli)

Measurement of the total cross section and ρ -parameter from elastic scattering in pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

In a special run of the LHC with β⋆=2.5 km, proton–proton elastic-scattering events were recorded at s√=13 TeV with an integrated luminosity of 340 μb−1 using the ALFA subdetector of ATLAS in 2016. The elastic cross section was measured differentially in the Mandelstam t variable in the range from −t=2.5⋅10−4 GeV2 to −t=0.46 GeV2 using 6.9 million elastic-scattering candidates. This paper presents measurements of the total cross section σtot, parameters of the nuclear slope, and the ρ-parameter defined as the ratio of the real part to the imaginary part of the elastic-scattering amplitude in the limit t→0. These parameters are determined from a fit to the differential elastic cross section using the optical theorem and different parameterizations of the t-dependence. The results for σtot and ρ are σtot(pp→X)=104.7±1.1 mb ,ρ=0.098±0.011. The uncertainty in σtot is dominated by the luminosity measurement, and in ρ by imperfect knowledge of the detector alignment and by modelling of the nuclear amplitude.publishedVersio

Composição florística e estrutura da comunidade arbórea na transição da Floresta Ombrófila Densa das Terras Baixas - Floresta Ombrófila Densa Submontana do Núcleo Picinguaba/PESM, Ubatuba, sudeste do Brasil

Realizamos o levantamento florístico e estrutural do componente arbóreo (PAP > 15 cm) em uma parcela de 1 ha (100 sub-parcelas de 10 × 10 m) localizada em um trecho da transição Floresta Ombrófila Densa Atlântica das Terras Baixas-Submontana, no Núcleo Picinguaba/PESM, Ubatuba, Estado de São Paulo. O estrato regenerante (H > 1,5 m e PAP 15 cm) in 1 ha plot (100 sub-plots of 10 × 10 m) located in a stretch of Atlantic Ombrophilous Dense Forest Lowland-Lower montane transition, in Núcleo Picinguaba/PESM, Ubatuba, São Paulo State. The regenerating layer (H > 1.5 m and circumference at breast height < 15 cm) was sampled in 0.4 ha (40 sub-plots of 10 × 10 m) within the plot. The richness and diversity were 156 species and H' = 4.00 for the arboreous component in 1 ha, 173 and H' = 4.25 for arboreous (113 species) and regenerating (134 species) layers together in 0.4 ha, and 192 species considering the whole sample. The most abundant species in the tree layer were Euterpe edulis, with 191 individuals (14.8%), Mollinedia schottiana (5.1%), Rustia formosa (4.8%), Chrysoplhyllum flexuosum (4.7%), Coussarea meridionalis var. porophylla (4.7%) and Guapira opposita (4.4%). These species were also among the most abundant in the regenerating layer. The richest families were Myrtaceae (32 spp.), Rubiaceae (15), Fabaceae (13), Sapotaceae (10), Moraceae (eight), Euphorbiaceae (seven) and Lauraceae (six). Tree species richness varied positively with density along the vertical structure of vegetation, being higher in lower high classes, where the density is much larger. on the other hand, the evenness in these classes was lower, increasing toward the upper classes, where trees are not concentrated in few species.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de BotânicaUniversidade Estadual Paulista Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia VegetalUniversidade Estadual de Campinas Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de BiologiaUniversidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de BotânicaUniversidade Estadual Paulista Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Vegeta

The ATLAS Fast TracKer system

The ATLAS Fast TracKer (FTK) was designed to provide full tracking for the ATLAS high-level trigger by using pattern recognition based on Associative Memory (AM) chips and fitting in high-speed field programmable gate arrays. The tracks found by the FTK are based on inputs from all modules of the pixel and silicon microstrip trackers. The as-built FTK system and components are described, as is the online software used to control them while running in the ATLAS data acquisition system. Also described is the simulation of the FTK hardware and the optimization of the AM pattern banks. An optimization for long-lived particles with large impact parameter values is included. A test of the FTK system with the data playback facility that allowed the FTK to be commissioned during the shutdown between Run 2 and Run 3 of the LHC is reported. The resulting tracks from part of the FTK system covering a limited η-ϕ region of the detector are compared with the output from the FTK simulation. It is shown that FTK performance is in good agreement with the simulation