Karakteristik Uji Marshall Pada Campuran Split Mastic Asphalt (SMA)

Di Indonesia banyak jalan yang mengalami kerusakan sebelum umur rencananya tercapai. Kerusakan tersebut diantaranya yaitu jalan yang berlubang, jalan yang mengalami keretakan serta pengelupasan pada permukaan jalan.Salah satu campuran beton aspal yang masih jarang ditemukan pengujiannya yaitu perkerasan jalan yang menggunakan campuran Split Mastic Asphalt (SMA) yang memiliki kandungan agregat kasar dan kadar aspal yang lebih tinggi yang membuat ketahanan geseknya lebih tinggi, lebih tahan terhadap deformasi dan tidak mudah retak.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisa perbandingan dari nilai parameter dan karakteristik marshall dari campuran. Membandingkan nilai stabilitas, flow,VIM, VMA, VFA, Dan IKS dengan 2 variasi rendaman selama rendaman normal 30 menit dan 24 jam dari campuran Split MasticAsphalt(SMA) dan campuran AC.Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh nilai stabilitas dan VIM dari campuran SMA yang lebih kecil dibandingkan campuran AC namun didapatkan nilai flow, VMA, dan VFA yang lebih besar yang membuat campuran SMA memiliki keunggulan lebih tahan terhadap deformasi dan ketahanan gesek yang lebih tinggi karena kandungan agregat kasar yang lebih banyak dan lebih awet dan tidak mudah retak karena kandungan kadar aspal yang lebih banyak dibandingkan campuran AC.Kata kunci : Karakteristik marshall, Perbandingan, SMA (Split Mastic Asphalt), AC (Asphalt Concrete)

The remnants of galaxy formation from a panoramic survey of the region around M31

In hierarchical cosmological models, galaxies grow in mass through the continual accretion of smaller ones. The tidal disruption of these systems is expected to result in loosely bound stars surrounding the galaxy, at distances that reach $10 - 100$ times the radius of the central disk. The number, luminosity and morphology of the relics of this process provide significant clues to galaxy formation history, but obtaining a comprehensive survey of these components is difficult because of their intrinsic faintness and vast extent. Here we report a panoramic survey of the Andromeda galaxy (M31). We detect stars and coherent structures that are almost certainly remnants of dwarf galaxies destroyed by the tidal field of M31. An improved census of their surviving counterparts implies that three-quarters of M31's satellites brighter than $M_V < -6$ await discovery. The brightest companion, Triangulum (M33), is surrounded by a stellar structure that provides persuasive evidence for a recent encounter with M31. This panorama of galaxy structure directly confirms the basic tenets of the hierarchical galaxy formation model and reveals the shared history of M31 and M33 in the unceasing build-up of galaxies.Comment: Published in Nature. Supplementary movie available at https://www.astrosci.ca/users/alan/PANDAS/Latest%20news%3A%20movie%20of%20orbit.htm

Is being overweight associated with engagement in self-injurious behaviours in adolescence, or do psychological factors have more “weight”?

Introduction The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of non-suicidal self-injurious behaviours (NSSI) among healthy weight and overweight adolescents and to examine the role of age, gender, weight status, treatment condition for weight control, and psychological variables (psychopathological symptoms and emotional skills) in the prediction of NSSI. Methods The study had a cross-sectional design, and participants (n = 370) were aged 14-19 years and were divided in three groups: 205 adolescents with normal weight, 82 adolescents from the community with overweight/obesity, and 83 adolescents with overweight/obesity and in outpatient treatment for weight control. Results The prevalence of these behaviours in the overweight community group (25.6 %) and in the overweight clinical group (14.5 %) was similar to their healthy weight peers (19 %). Not attending an outpatient treatment for weight control, higher psychopathology and less ability to regulate emotions predict the presence of NSSI. Conclusion Being overweight is not associated with NSSI, but psychosocial variables such as psychopathology, emotional deregulation and the absence of medical care predict these behaviours.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The importance of alternative host plants as reservoirs of the cotton leaf hopper, Amrasca devastans, and its natural enemies

Many agricultural pests can be harboured by alternative host plants but these can also harbour the pests’ natural enemies. We evaluated the capacity of non-cotton plant species (both naturally growing and cultivated) to function as alternative hosts for the cotton leaf hopper Amrasca devastans (Homoptera: Ciccadellidae) and its natural enemies. Forty-eight species harboured A. devastans. Twenty-four species were true breeding hosts, bearing both nymphal and adult A. devastans, the rest were incidental hosts. The crop Ricinus communis and the vegetables Abelmoschus esculentus and Solanum melongena had the highest potential for harbouring A. devastans and carrying it over into the seedling cotton crop. Natural enemies found on true alternative host plants were spiders, predatory insects (Chrysoperla carnea, Coccinellids, Orius spp. and Geocoris spp.) and two species of egg parasitoids (Arescon enocki and Anagrus sp.). Predators were found on 23 species of alternative host plants, especially R. communis. Parasitoids emerged from one crop species (R. communis) and three vegetable species; with 39 % of A. devastans parasitised. We conclude that the presence of alternative host plants provides both advantages and disadvantages to the cotton agro-ecosystem because they are a source of both natural enemy and pest species. To reduce damage by A. devastans, we recommend that weeds that harbour the pest should be removed, that cotton cultivation with R. communis, A. esculentus, and S. melongena should be avoided, that pesticides should be applied sparingly to cultivate alternative host plants and that cotton crops should be sown earlier

Suplai Dosis P dan K Terhadap Laju Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Ubi Jalar (Ipomea batatas L.) Varietas Antin 3

Pemupukan merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam budidaya tanaman. Tanaman ubi jalar diketahui sangat respon terhadap pemupukan. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di lahan penelitian Politeknik Negeri Jember pada bulan April sampai Agustus 2017. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh dosis pupuk P dan K serta interaksinya terhadap laju pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman ubi jalar varietas Antin 3. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok faktorial dengan 3 kali ulangan. Faktor pertama dosis pupuk TSP (P) terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu : P1 (78 kg/ha), P2 (117 kg/ha) dan P3 (157 kg/ha). Faktor kedua dosis pupuk KCL (K) terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu : K1 (150 kg/ha), K2 (300 kg/ha) dan K3 (450 kg/ha). Data hasil penelitian dianalisis secara statistik menurut uji F dan uji lanjut DMRT. Faktor tunggal dosis P dan K serta interaksinya memberikan pengaruh yang tidak nyata terhadap parameter jumlah cabang. Faktor tunggal dosis P memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap parameter laju pertumbuhan tanaman, jumlah umbi per tanaman, panjang umbi per tanaman dan bobot umbi total per tanaman. Perlakuan terbaik yaitu P3 dengan dosis TSP 157 kg/ha. Faktor tunggal dosis K memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap parameter laju pertumbuhan, jumlah umbi per tanaman dan bobot umbi total per tanaman. Perlakuan terbaik yaitu K3 dengan dosis 450kg/ha. Interaksi dosis P dan K memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap parameter bobot umbi total per bedeng. Perlakuan P3K3 yaitu dosis TSP 157 kg/ha + KCl 450 kg/ ha memberikan hasil tertinggi yaitu 7,2 kg/ bedengPemupukan merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam budidaya tanaman. Tanaman ubi jalar diketahui sangat respon terhadap pemupukan. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di lahan penelitian Politeknik Negeri Jember pada bulan April sampai Agustus 2017. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh dosis pupuk P dan K serta interaksinya terhadap laju pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman ubi jalar varietas Antin 3. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok faktorial dengan 3 kali ulangan. Faktor pertama dosis pupuk TSP (P) terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu : P1 (78 kg/ha), P2 (117 kg/ha) dan P3 (157 kg/ha). Faktor kedua dosis pupuk KCL (K) terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu : K1 (150 kg/ha), K2 (300 kg/ha) dan K3 (450 kg/ha). Data hasil penelitian dianalisis secara statistik menurut uji F dan uji lanjut DMRT. Faktor tunggal dosis P dan K serta interaksinya memberikan pengaruh yang tidak nyata terhadap parameter jumlah cabang. Faktor tunggal dosis P memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap parameter laju pertumbuhan tanaman, jumlah umbi per tanaman, panjang umbi per tanaman dan bobot umbi total per tanaman. Perlakuan terbaik yaitu P3 dengan dosis TSP 157 kg/ha. Faktor tunggal dosis K memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap parameter laju pertumbuhan, jumlah umbi per tanaman dan bobot umbi total per tanaman. Perlakuan terbaik yaitu K3 dengan dosis 450kg/ha. Interaksi dosis P dan K memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap parameter bobot umbi total per bedeng. Perlakuan P3K3 yaitu dosis TSP 157 kg/ha + KCl 450 kg/ ha memberikan hasil tertinggi yaitu 7,2 kg/ beden

OPTIMIZATION ROUGHNESS LEVEL OF TURNING FROM ALUMINUM SCRAP SMELTING RESULT USING SAND CASTING METHOD

The Production Machinery Workshop at the Sriwijaya State Polytechnic are producing a lot of aluminum scrap left over from turning, where this waste is still thrown away. This will cause pollution to the environment and will be detrimental to the Sriwijaya State Polytechnic workshop. Casting is one way to deal with aluminum scrap, scrap be melted and then reshaped into a practical material that can be reused. The use of sand as a printing medium in recycling scrolls is not recommended because it is less effective and efficient in terms of long-term use. After research has been carried out, the resulting aluminum shaving waste can be reused as practical material provided that the shavings must be separated from other waste such as iron and steel. In the optimization process, the best value is obtained at the spindle speed factor of 900 rpm (A1), then the feeding depth at 0.5 mm (B1), and the feeding speed at 0.08 mm/put.  The Production Machinery Workshop at the Sriwijaya State Polytechnic are producing a lot of aluminum scrap left over from turning, where this waste is still thrown away. This will cause pollution to the environment and will be detrimental to the Sriwijaya State Polytechnic workshop. Casting is one way to deal with aluminum scrap, scrap be melted and then reshaped into a practical material that can be reused. The use of sand as a printing medium in recycling scrolls is not recommended because it is less effective and efficient in terms of long-term use. After research has been carried out, the resulting aluminum shaving waste can be reused as practical material provided that the shavings must be separated from other waste such as iron and steel. In the optimization process, the best value is obtained at the spindle speed factor of 900 rpm (A1), then the feeding depth at 0.5 mm (B1), and the feeding speed at 0.08 mm/put

Societal-level versus individual-level predictions of ethical behavior: a 48-society study of collectivism and individualism

Is the societal-level of analysis sufficient today to understand the values of those in the global workforce? Or are individual-level analyses more appropriate for assessing the influence of values on ethical behaviors across country workforces? Using multi-level analyses for a 48-society sample, we test the utility of both the societal-level and individual-level dimensions of collectivism and individualism values for predicting ethical behaviors of business professionals. Our values-based behavioral analysis indicates that values at the individual-level make a more significant contribution to explaining variance in ethical behaviors than do values at the societal-level. Implicitly, our findings question the soundness of using societal-level values measures. Implications for international business research are discussed

Electrostatic Origins of CO2-Increased Hydrophilicity in Carbonate Reservoirs

Injecting CO2 into oil reservoirs appears to be cost-effective and environmentally friendly due to decreasing the use of chemicals and cutting back on the greenhouse gas emission released. However, there is a pressing need for new algorithms to characterize oil/brine/rock system wettability, thus better predict and manage CO2 geological storage and enhanced oil recovery in oil reservoirs. We coupled surface complexation/CO2 and calcite dissolution model, and accurately predicted measured oil-on-calcite contact angles in NaCl and CaCl2 solutions with and without CO2. Contact angles decreased in carbonated water indicating increased hydrophilicity under carbonation. Lowered salinity increased hydrophilicity as did Ca2+. Hydrophilicity correlates with independently calculated oil-calcite electrostatic bridging. The link between the two may be used to better implement CO2 EOR in fields

Patterns of alcohol drinking and its association with obesity: data from the third national health and nutrition examination survey, 1988–1994

BACKGROUND: Recent reports suggest that alcohol use may have a protective effect on obesity. This study explores association between obesity and alcohol consumption in the non-smoking U.S. adult population. METHODS: We analyzed data on a total of 8,236 respondents who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Body mass index (weight-kg/height-m(2)) was derived from measured height and weight data and categorized into: normal weight, overweight, and obese. Alcohol consumption was measured using following measures: history of drinking, binge drinking, quantity of drinks/day, frequency of drinking, and average volume of drinks/week. RESULTS: Mean body mass index in this sample of non-smokers was 26.4 (95% CI: 26.1, 26.7). Approximately 46% of respondents were classified as current drinkers. Current drinkers had lower odds of obesity (Adjusted odds ratio = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55, 0.97) as compared to non-drinkers. The odds of overweight and obesity were significantly greater among binge drinkers and those consuming four or more drinks/day. However, those who reported drinking one or two drinks per day had 0.46 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.62) and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.41, 0.86) times the odds of obesity, respectively. Similarly, the odds of obesity were significantly lower among those who reported drinking frequently and consuming less than five drinks per week. The association between overweight and other alcohol measures was less pronounced. CONCLUSION: The results suggest further exploring the possible role of moderate alcohol drinking in controlling body weight in adults

Genetic Screening of New Genes Responsible for Cellular Adaptation to Hypoxia Using a Genome-Wide shRNA Library

Oxygen is a vital requirement for multi-cellular organisms to generate energy and cells have developed multiple compensatory mechanisms to adapt to stressful hypoxic conditions. Such adaptive mechanisms are intricately interconnected with other signaling pathways that regulate cellular functions such as cell growth. However, our understanding of the overall system governing the cellular response to the availability of oxygen remains limited. To identify new genes involved in the response to hypoxic stress, we have performed a genome-wide gene knockdown analysis in human lung carcinoma PC8 cells using an shRNA library carried by a lentiviral vector. The knockdown analysis was performed under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions to identify shRNA sequences enriched or lost in the resulting selected cell populations. Consequently, we identified 56 candidate genes that might contribute to the cellular response to hypoxia. Subsequent individual knockdown of each gene demonstrated that 13 of these have a significant effect upon oxygen-sensitive cell growth. The identification of BCL2L1, which encodes a Bcl-2 family protein that plays a role in cell survival by preventing apoptosis, validates the successful design of our screen. The other selected genes have not previously been directly implicated in the cellular response to hypoxia. Interestingly, hypoxia did not directly enhance the expression of any of the identified genes, suggesting that we have identified a new class of genes that have been missed by conventional gene expression analyses to identify hypoxia response genes. Thus, our genetic screening method using a genome-wide shRNA library and the newly-identified genes represent useful tools to analyze the cellular systems that respond to hypoxic stress