Indigenous Knowledge on Miscellaneous Uses of Plants by the People of Parroha VDC, Rupandehi District, Central Nepal

This study aims to explore the information on miscellaneous uses on plant resources found in Parroha VDC of Rupandehi district, Nepal. The study was conducted during May 2007. Informations on plant resources were collected interviewing key informants using a semi structured open ended questionnaires. Altogether 33 different species of plants belonging to 19 families were found used for miscellaneous purposes

Co-efficient of variation, heritability, genetic advance and variability for ricebean (Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) genotypes under mid hill conditions of Uttarakhand

The present investigation was carried out to estimate the genetic parameters for ten traits in ricebean genotypes. Fourteen genotypes of ricebean (Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) were collected from different regions of country were evaluated for yield and its components. The study revealed that the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all traits. The value of PCV and GCV was higher for seed yield/plant, 100 seed weight and number of pods/plant. Heritability values were high for all the traits except leaflet size and pod length. High genetic advance was observed for days to 50% flowering, number of pods and seeds /plant, days to maturity, suggest that scope for improvement of these characters through selection. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was registered for 50% flowering, number of pods and seeds /plant indicate that the genetic variance for these traits are probably owing to their high additive gene effect and thus there is better scope for improvement of these traits through direct selection. Therefore selection based on these characters will bring the desired improvement in seed yield of ricebean. With respect to mean performance of genotype, PRR-2, PRR-1 and PRR-2011- 1 was found superior among all the genotypes

Impact of Shelterbelts on Net Returns from Agricultural Production in Arid Western Rajasthan

This paper has documented the impact of shelterbelt on agricultural returns by collecting primary data from 80 farmers each in shelterbelt and non-shelterbelt areas. To decompose the total change in net returns, separate production functions have been estimated for shelterbelt and non-shelterbelt farms. The study has revealed an increase of 430.8 per cent in net returns due to shelterbelt plantation, in which shelterbelt technology has contributed 399.4 per cent and increase in use of complementary inputs, 31.4 per cent. In the change of 399.4 per cent, shelterbelt has accounted for 305.6 per cent, i.e. shifting from non- shelterbelt to shelterbelt and remaining 93.8 per cent has been due to inputs used by non-shelterbelt, which might be due to improvement in soil health.Agricultural Finance,

First Principle Study of Magnetism and Magneto-structural Coupling in Gallium Ferrite

We report a first-principles study of the magnetic properties, site disorder and magneto-structural coupling in multiferroic gallium ferrite (GFO) using local spin density approximation (LSDA+U) of density functional theory. The calculations of the ground state A-type antiferromagnetic structure predict magnetic moments consistent with the experiments whilst consideration of spin-orbit coupling yields a net orbital moment of ~ 0.025 Bohr magneton/Fe site also in good accordance with the experiments. We find that though site disorder is not spontaneous in the ground state, interchange between Fe2 and Ga2 sites is most favored in the disordered state. The results show that ferrimagnetism in GFO is due to Ga-Fe site disordering such that Fe spins at Ga1 and Ga2 sites are antiferromagnetically aligned while maintaining ferromagnetic coupling between Fe spins at Ga1 and Fe1 sites as well as between Fe spins at Ga2 and Fe2 sites. The effect of spin configuration on the structural distortion clearly indicates presence of magneto-structural coupling in GFO.Comment: 15 pagesm 3 tables and 4 figure

Effect of Site-disorder, Off-stoichiometry and Epitaxial Strain on the Optical Properties of Magnetoelectric Gallium Ferrite

We present a combined experimental-theoretical study demonstrating the role of site disorder, off-stoichiometry and strain on the optical behavior of magnetoelectric gallium ferrite. Optical properties such as band-gap, refractive indices and dielectric constants were experimentally obtained by performing ellipsometric studies over the energy range 0.8 eV to 4.2 eV on pulsed laser deposited epitaxial thin films of stoichiometric gallium ferrite with b-axis orientation and the data was compared with theoretical results. Calculations on the ground state structure show that the optical activity in GaFeO3 arises primarily from O2p-Fe3d transitions. Further, inclusion of site disorder and epitaxial strain in the ground state structure significantly improves the agreement between the theory and the room temperature experimental data substantiating the presence of site-disorder in the experimentally derived strained GaFeO3 films at room temperature. We attribute the modification of the ground state optical behavior upon inclusion of site disorder to the corresponding changes in the electronic band structure, especially in Fe3d states leading to a lowered band-gap of the material.Comment: 18 Pages, 6 figure

Sinteza, karakterizacija i antimikrobni učinak derivata karbazola

The reaction of 1-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazoles (1a-e) with paraformaldehyde and ethylenediamine yielded N,N\u27-bis(1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazol-1-ylidene)ethane-1,2-diamines (2a-e). Here, like in another similar attempt of replacing ethylenediamine by ethanolamine, ended up in formation of 2-{[1-(2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethylimino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazol-2-yl-methyl]amino}ethanols (3a-e). These products were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, mass spectra and by elemental analysis. All end products (2a-e, 3a-e) were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities. The compounds having substituents at C-6 position were found to exhibit pronounced antimicrobial activities.Reakcijom 1-okso-1,2,3,4-tetrahidrokarbazola (1a-e) s paraformaldehidom i etilendiaminom dobiveni su N,N’-bis(1,2,3,4-tetrahidrokarbazol-1-iliden)etan-1,2-diamini (2a-e). Ovdje su, kao i u drugim sličnim pokušajima zamjene etilendiamina etanolaminom, nastali derivati 2-{[1-(2-(2-aminoetoksi)etilimino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahidrokarbazol-2-il-metil]amino} etanola (3a-e). Spojevi su karakterizirani pomoću IR, 1H NMR i masenom spektrometrijom te elementarnom analizom. Ispitano je antibakterijsko i antimikotsko djelovanje produkata 2a-e i 3a-e. Spojevi sa supstituentima u položaju C-6 imaju izraženo antimikrobno djelovanje