A NOVEL MISSENSE MUTATION PATTERN OF THE GCH1 GENE IN DOPA-RESPONSIVE DYSTONIA

Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) is an inherited metabolic disorder now classified as DYT5 with two different biochemical defects: autosomal dominant GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) deficiency or autosomal recessive tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency. We report the case of a 10-years-old girl with progressive generalized dystonia and gait disorder who presented dramatic response to levodopa. The phenylalanine to tyrosine ratio was significantly higher after phenylalanine loading test. This condition had two different heterozygous mutations in the GCH1 gene: the previously reported P23L mutation and a new Q182E mutation. The characteristics of the DRD and the molecular genetic findings are discussed

Síndrome da cabeça caída em doença do neurônio motor

A síndrome da cabeça caída é causada por diminuição de força nos músculos extensores do pescoço sendo encontrada em diversas doenças neuromusculares, bem como, na esclerose lateral amiotrófica. Descrevemos o caso de três mulheres com diagnóstico de doença do neurônio motor com quadro clínico de disfagia e diminuição de força em músculos cervicais que evoluiu com queda da cabeça. A investigação mostrou ressonância magnética de crânio e coluna cervical normais; e a eletromiografia de agulha com desinervação ativa e crônica em músculos bulbares e dos segmentos cervical, torácico e lombo-sacro. Discutimos as características da doença, especialmente suas manifestações clínicas e os achados eletroneuromiográficos, dando ênfase à necessidade de investigação da cabeça caída na suspeita de doença do neurônio motor

Neurological disorders associated with glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies: a Brazilian series

Neurological disorders associated with glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies are rare pleomorphic diseases of uncertain cause, of which stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is the best-known. Here, we described nine consecutive cases of neurological disorders associated with anti-GAD, including nine patients with SPS and three cases with cerebellar ataxia. Additionally, four had hypothyroidism, three epilepsy, two diabetes mellitus and two axial myoclonus