Depredación de Timon lepidus por gato asilvestrado

La financiación de estos trabajos ha sido posible gracias a los proyectos “Interacciones ecológicas en comunidades de carnívoros ibéricos” (CGL2009-10741, financiado por el Plan Nacional de I+D y fondos FEDER) y “Hunting for sustainability” (HUNT, financiado por la Comisión Europea dentro del 7º Programa Marco para Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico).Peer Reviewe

Applications of epidemiology in PRRS control

[ES]: Aunque el síndrome reproductivo y respiratorio porcino (PRRS) fue descrito por primera vez en la década de los 80, en menos de 30 años esta enfermedad ha pasado a convertirse en una de las patologías más importantes para el sector porcino. Los esfuerzos invertidos en este periodo en su investigación han permitido la identificación de su agente causal y de sus ciclos epidemiológicos, así como el desarrollo de nuevas herramientas diagnósticas y vacunas. En la actualidad cualquier programa de lucha frente al virus del PRRS debe estar basado en la combinación de todas las herramientas disponibles con el objetivo fundamental de romper los ciclos de transmisión, para lo cual es imprescindible un adecuado conocimiento de la epidemiología de la enfermedad.[EN]: Even though the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome was first reported in the 80’s, in less than 30 years the disease has become one of the most important diseases affecting the swine industry worldwide. Efforts invested since then in research have allowed the identification of its causative agent and its epidemiological cycles as well as the development of new diagnostic tools and vaccines. Nowadays effective control programs against PRRS virus must be based on the combined used of all available tools with the main aim of disrupting the transmission cycles; an adequate knowledge of the epidemiology of the disease is cornerstone to achieve this goal.Peer Reviewe

Leishmania infantum in free-ranging hares, Spain, 2004-2010

Iberian hares (Lepus granatensis) were recently deemed responsible for an outbreak of human leishmaniasis affecting metropolitan Madrid, Spain. However, the reservoir potential of hares in Europe is poorly known. We report a retrospective survey on Leishmania infantum, the causal agent of zoonotic endemic leishmaniasis in the Mediterranean basin, infection status of Iberian, European (Le. europaeus) and Broom (Le. castroviejoi) hares in Spain. Spleen samples from 94 hares were tested by polymerase chain reaction. Sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assays were performed on positive samples and RFLP patterns compared with those of strains reported in the scientific literature. DNA prevalence in hare spleen samples was 43.6% (95% confidence interval: 33.6-53.6). In all six regions studied at least one positive sample was found. RFLP revealed existence of specific hare strains of L. infantum differing from those reported in wild carnivores in Spain. The widespread presence of L. infantum in the most abundant Spanish hare species and the recent evidence of the ability of naturally infected hares to transmit the pathogen to Phlebotomus perniciosus, its main vector in the western Mediterranean, suggest that hares may have an unexpected role in the epidemiology of L. infantum in Spain.This study is a contribution to project POII09-0141-8176 (JCCM and EU-FEDER) and EU grants ANTIGONE (278976) and APHAEA (EMIDA ERA-NET). F. Ruiz-Fon acknowledges a Juan de la Cierva contract (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad).Peer Reviewe

A clinical longitudinal study 323 porcelain laminate veneers. Period of study from 3 to 11 years

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical results of 323 porcelain laminate veneers over a period of 3 to 11 years. Material and Methods: This study included 70 patients, aged between 18 and 74 years. Of the 323 total veneers, 124 were of a simple design and 199 were of a functional design. The condition of the soft tissues and hygiene, in addition to the condition of the abutment teeth, the restorations and patient satisfaction were all clinically examined. In carrying out the statistical analysis, a descriptive approach was taken in analyzing the data. The Kaplan Meier method was used for statistically analyzing the survival rates of the porcelain laminate veneers. Results: Analysis of the soft tissue revealed marginal recession in 7.7% of the cases, and in 21.6% of the cases, bleeding was detected on probing. Analysis of the condition of the abutment teeth revealed secondary caries and hypersensitivity in 3.1% of the cases, and changes in pulp vitality were observed in 2.8% of the cases. In studying the condition of the restorations, marginal integrity was observed to be excellent in 98% of the cases, slight marginal pigmentation was present in 39.3% of the cases, fractures were present in 4% of the cases and decementation in 9% of the cases. The degree of patient satisfaction was considered to be excellent in 97.1% of the cases. Conclusions: Porcelain laminate veneers are a predicable treatment option that offer excellent results

Influence of bruxism on survival of porcelain laminate veneers

Objectives: This study aims to determine whether bruxism and the use of occlusal splints affect the survival of porcelain laminate veneers in patients treated with this technique. Material and Methods: Restorations were made in 70 patients, including 30 patients with some type of parafunc - tional habit. A total of 323 veneers were placed, 170 in patients with bruxism activity, and the remaining 153 in patients without it. A clinical examination determined the presence or absence of ceramic failure (cracks, frac - tures and debonding) of the restorations; these incidents were analyzed for association with bruxism and the use of splints. Results: Analysis of the ceramic failures showed that of the 13 fractures and 29 debonding that were present in our study, 8 fractures and 22 debonding were related to the presence of bruxism. Conclusions: Porcelain laminate veneers are a predictable treatment option that provides excellent results, rec - ognizing a higher risk of failure in patients with bruxism activity. The use of occlusal splints reduces the risk of fractures

Culicoides species communities associated with wild ruminant ecosystems in Spain: Tracking the way to determine potential bridge vectors for arboviruses

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.-- et al.The genus Culicoides Latreille 1809 is a well-known vector for protozoa, filarial worms and, above all, numerous viruses. The Bluetongue virus (BTV) and the recently emerged Schmallenberg virus (SBV) are responsible for important infectious, non-contagious, insect-borne viral diseases found in domestic ruminants and transmitted by Culicoides spp. Both of these diseases have been detected in wild ruminants, but their role as reservoirs during the vector-free season still remains relatively unknown. In fact, we tend to ignore the possibility of wild ruminants acting as a source of disease (BTV, SBV) and permitting its reintroduction to domestic ruminants during the following vector season. In this context, a knowledge of the composition of the Culicoides species communities that inhabit areas where there are wild ruminants is of major importance as the presence of a vector species is a prerequisite for disease transmission. In this study, samplings were conducted in areas inhabited by different wild ruminant species; samples were taken in both 2009 and 2010, on a monthly basis, during the peak season for midge activity (in summer and autumn). A total of 102,693 specimens of 40 different species of the genus Culicoides were trapped; these included major BTV and SBV vector species. The most abundant vector species were C. imicola and species of the Obsoletus group, which represented 15% and 11% of total numbers of specimens, respectively. At the local scale, the presence of major BTV and SBV vector species in areas with wild ruminants coincided with that of the nearest sentinel farms included in the Spanish Bluetongue Entomological Surveillance Programme, although their relative abundance varied. The data suggest that such species do not exhibit strong host specificity towards either domestic or wild ruminants and that they could consequently play a prominent role as bridge vectors for different pathogens between both types of ruminants. This finding would support the hypothesis that wild ruminants could act as reservoirs for such pathogens, and subsequently be involved in the reintroduction of disease to livestock on neighbouring farms.This study was supported by the project FAU 2008-0019 from Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias, and was partially funded by EU grant GOCE-2003-010284 EDENext and is cataloged by the EDENext Steering Committee as EDENext429 (http://www.edenext.eu). F. Ruiz-Fons is supported by the Spanish Ministry for the Economy and Competitiveness through a Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral contract.Peer Reviewe

In vivo evaluation of three-dimensional of volumetric changes using a CAD/CAM chair-side system : technical procedure

An intraoral digital scanner in combination with specialized three-dimensional surface analysis software monitors volumetric changes to soft tissues or dental restorations. This technology can evaluate the success of a specific technique or medium- or long-term clinical outcomes in both clinical and research situations. This article describes how this technology was used to provide immediate chair-side data analysis without the help of specialized laboratory support