Diferencias y similitudes en la insatisfacción corporal entre personas con trastornos alimentarios, personas con disforia de género y estudiantes universitarios

To subjects with gender dysphoria, body image is an important aspect of their condition. These individuals at times report high body dissatisfaction, similar to individuals with an eating disorder. In total, 61 subjects with gender dysphoria, 30 subjects with an eating disorder, and 40 healthy subjects were evaluated. We parted from the hypothesis that gender dysphoria subjects present more body dissatisfaction than the control group, but less than the eating disorder group. Results regarding body dissatisfaction (related to body beauty ideals) showed significant differences between groups.  Subjects with gender dysphoria had higher scores in the body dissatisfaction subscale than the general population, but lower scores than people with eating disorders.Para las personas con disforia de género, la imagen corporal es un aspecto fundamental en su condición. Éstas a veces manifiestan alta insatisfacción corporal, similar a la que pueden tener personas con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria.  En total, 61 personas con disforia de género, 30 personas con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y 40 personas sanas fueron evaluadas. Como hipótesis se esperaba que los sujetos con disforia de género presentaran mayor insatisfacción corporal que el grupo control, pero menos que el grupo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. Los resultados sobre insatisfacción corporal (asociada al ideal de belleza) mostraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos. Las personas con disforia de género tuvieron mayores puntuaciones en insatisfacción corporal que la población general, pero menores puntuaciones que las manifestadas por las personas con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria

Efektivitas Strategi Inquiry Based Learning Dalam Meningkatkan Keterlibatan Siswa Kelas 9 SMPN 8 Salatiga Dalam Pembelajaran Bimbingan TIK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas model pembelajaran Inquiry Based Learning dalam meningkatkan keterlibatan siswa dalam pembelajaran bimbingan TIK di kelas 9 SMPN 8 Salatiga. Rumusan masalah utama penelitian adalah apakah strategi Inquiry Based Learning efektif dalam meningkatkan keterlibatan siswa pada pembelajaran bimbingan TIK di sekolah tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menganalisis tingkat keterlibatan siswa sebelum dan setelah penerapan strategi Inquiry Based Learning. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan angket untuk menilai perubahan dalam perilaku, kognisi, dan emosi siswa selama pembelajaran. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap dua kelas IX di SMPN 8 Salatiga, yaitu kelas IX C sebagai kelompok eksperimen yang menerapkan pembelajaran dengan pendekatan IBL dan kelas IX G sebagai kelompok kontrol dengan pembelajaran konvensional. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat cukup bukti untuk menolak hipotesis nol bahwa residual berdistribusi normal, mengindikasikan validitas hasil analisis statistik. Namun, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara varians dari kelompok-kelompok yang dibandingkan, menunjukkan bahwa asumsi homogenitas varians tidak terpenuhi. Hasil uji t menunjukkan bahwa penerapan strategi IBL secara signifikan meningkatkan keterlibatan siswa dalam pembelajaran bimbingan TIK. Nilai p yang sangat kecil (0.000) dan nilai t yang besar (96.292), serta interval kepercayaan yang tidak mencakup nilai nol, menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan adalah nyata dan bukan hanya kebetulan. Dengan demikian, strategi IBL efektif dalam meningkatkan keterlibatan siswa dalam pembelajaran TIK di SMPN 8 Salatiga.This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Inquiry Based Learning (IBL) strategy in enhancing student engagement in ICT guidance learning in 9th grade at SMPN 8 Salatiga. The main research question is whether the Inquiry Based Learning strategy is effective in improving student engagement in ICT guidance learning at the school. The research was conducted by analyzing the level of student engagement before and after the implementation of the Inquiry Based Learning strategy. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and questionnaires to assess changes in students' behavior, cognition, and emotions during learning. The study was conducted on two 9th-grade classes at SMPN 8 Salatiga, namely class IX C as the experimental group implementing IBL approach learning and class IX G as the control group with conventional learning. The data analysis results show that there is not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis that residuals are normally distributed, indicating the validity of the statistical analysis results. However, there is a significant difference in the variance between the compared groups, indicating that the assumption of variance homogeneity is not met. The t-test results show that the implementation of the IBL strategy significantly increases student engagement in ICT guidance learning. A very small p-value (0.000) and a large t-value (96.292), as well as a confidence interval that does not include zero, indicate that the difference is real and not just by chance. Thus, the IBL strategy is effective in enhancing student engagement in ICT learning at SMPN 8 Salatig

Prevalence and predictors of complementary and alternative medicine use among people with coronary heart disease or at risk for this in the sixth Tromsø study: a comparative analysis using protection motivation theory

Background Engagement in healthy lifestyle behaviors, such as healthy diet and regular physical activity, are known to reduce the risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD). Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is known to be associated with having a healthy lifestyle. The primary aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and predictors of CAM use in CHD patients, and in those without CHD but at risk for developing CHD, using Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) as a guiding conceptual framework. Method Questionnaire data were collected from 12,981 adult participants in the cross-sectional sixth Tromsø Study (2007–8). Eligible for analyses were 11,103 participants who reported whether they had used CAM or not. Of those, 830 participants reported to have or have had CHD (CHD group), 4830 reported to have parents, children or siblings with CHD (no CHD but family risk), while 5443 reported no CHD nor family risk of CHD. We first compared the patterns of CAM use in each group, and then examined the PMT predictors of CAM use. Health vulnerability from the threat appraisal process of PMT was assessed by self-rated health and expectations for future health. Response efficacy from the coping appraisal process of PMT was assessed as preventive health beliefs and health behavior frequency. Results Use of CAM was most commonly seen in people with no CHD themselves, but family risk of developing CHD (35.8%), compared to people already diagnosed with CHD (30.2%) and people with no CHD nor family risk (32.1%). All four of the PMT factors; self-rated health, expectations for future health, preventive health beliefs, and the health behavior index – were predictors for CAM use in the no CHD but family risk group. Conclusion These findings suggest that people use CAM in response to a perceived risk of developing CHD, and to prevent disease and to maintain health

O uso de compostos bioativos na modulação dos efeitos adversos do tratamento antineoplásico

Adverse effects caused by antineoplastic treatment can negatively affect the nutritional status of cancer patients. Nutritional therapy through the use of bioactive compounds may help to control the adverse effects of anticancer therapy. This study aims to identify which bioactive compounds can act as adjuvants in anticancer treatment. It is an integrative review elaborated in six stages, and it is written in accordance with PRISMA. Sixteen randomized clinical trials, obtained from the period 2003 to 2020, were included. The symptoms observed were mucositis (1 study, intervention with the use of calendula) and nausea and vomiting (15 studies with intervention with ginger). Nine studies had positive outcomes in terms of symptom relief, while in seven no statistically significant differences were found. The effectiveness of the interventions was attributed to the bioactive compounds present in marigold and ginger, especially gingerol and shogaol. There are some limitations that restricted the observations about the results obtained, such as: the lack of standardization of the content of bioactive compounds, limited number of studies and low methodological quality of some clinical trials. Due to the variability of results obtained in the studies, and low quality of evidences, the effectiveness of the use of bioactive compounds in modulating adverse symptoms caused by antineoplastic therapy is still uncertain. However, the results with the utilization of ginger seem promising, and further studies are required.Os efeitos adversos causados pelo tratamento antineoplásico afetam negativamente o estado nutricional dos pacientes oncológicos. A terapia nutricional por meio do uso de compostos bioativos pode auxiliar no controle dos efeitos adversos da terapia antineoplásica. Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar quais compostos bioativos podem atuar como adjuvantes no tratamento antineoplásico. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa elaborada em seis etapas e redigida segundo PRISMA. Foram incluídos 16 ensaios clínicos randomizados encontrados no período de 2003 a 2020. Os sintomas encontrados foram mucosite (1 estudo, intervenção com uso de calêndula), enquanto náusea e vômito (15 estudos com intervenção com gengibre). Nove estudos tiveram desfechos positivos quanto ao alívio dos sintomas, enquanto em sete não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas. A eficácia das intervenções foi atribuída aos compostos bioativos presentes na calêndula e no gengibre, sobretudo o gingerol e shogaol. Há algumas limitações que restringiram as observações acerca dos resultados obtidos, como: a falta de padronização de teor de compostos bioativos, número limitado de estudos e baixa qualidade metodológica de alguns ensaios clínicos. Devido a variabilidade de resultados encontrados nos estudos e a baixa qualidade das evidências, a eficácia do uso de compostos bioativos na modulação dos sintomas adversos causados pela terapia antineoplásica ainda é incerta. No entanto, os resultados com uso de gengibre parecem promissores, sendo necessário mais estudos

Insatisfacción corporal: Dismorfia muscular, trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y disforia de género

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud. Fecha de lectura: 06-11-201

Measuring Residual Renal Function in Hemodialysis Patients without Urine Collection

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Wong, J., Kaja Kamal, R. M., Vilar, E. and Farrington, K. (2017), 'Measuring Residual Renal Function in Hemodialysis Patients without Urine Collection', Seminars in Dialysis, Vol. 30 (1): 39–49, which has been published in final form at doi: 10.1111/sdi.12557. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Many patients on hemodialysis retain significant residual renal function (RRF) but currently measurement of RRF in routine clinical practice can only be achieved using inter-dialytic urine collections to measure urea and creatinine clearances. Urine collections are difficult and inconvenient for patients and staff, and therefore RRF is not universally measured. Methods to assess RRF without reliance on urine collections are needed since RRF provides useful clinical and prognostic information and also permits the application of incremental hemodialysis techniques. Significant efforts have been made to explore the use of serum based biomarkers such as cystatin C, β-trace protein and β2 -microglobulin to estimate RRF. This article reviews blood-based biomarkers and novel methods using exogenous filtration markers which show potential in estimating RRF in hemodialysis patients without the need for urine collection.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

The Relationship between Mold Exposure and Allergic Response in Post-Katrina New Orleans

Objectives. The study's objective was to examine the relation between mold/dampness exposure and mold sensitization among residents of Greater New Orleans following Hurricane Katrina. Methods. Patients were recruited from the Allergy Clinic of a major medical facility. Any patient receiving a skin prick test for one of 24 molds between December 1, 2005 and December 31, 2008 was eligible for the study. Exposure was assessed using standardized questionnaires. Positive mold reactivity was defined as a wheal diameter >3 mm to any mold genera. Results. Approximately 57% of participants tested positive to any indoor allergen, 10% to any mold. Over half of respondents had significant home damage, 34% reported dampness/mold in their home, half engaged in renovation, and one-third lived in a home undergoing renovation. Despite extensive exposure, and multiple measures of exposure, we found no relationship between mold/dampness exposure and sensitivity to mold allergens. Conclusions. These results along with results of earlier research indicate no excess risk of adverse respiratory effects for residents living in New Orleans after the devastation of Hurricane Katrina

Impacto da partição de comprimidos na posologia de medicamentos: análise de comprimidos de prednisona

Despite the diversity of pharmaceuticals and dosage forms, tablet fractioning is a frequent practice among consumers. The fractionation of the pharmaceutical unit, done by medical recommendation or on the patient own initiative, is linked to  several factors, such as the reduction of the cost of treatment, the attempt to achieve the prescribed dose, in cases of gradual tratment and to facilitate swallowing. The most critic aspects of tablet fractioning are the loss of quality, since the dose achieved is often different from the prescribed, what leads to the possibility of ocurrence os subtherapeutic or toxic effects and increase the chance of adverse effects. Statistical data analysis show that the difference between parts and the loss of product due to fractioning is significant and, in many cases could have an impact on the therapy. In this sense, it is important to clarify and to educate people about the consequences of such a practice, in order to guarantee efficiency and safety of the medicine treatment.Apesar da diversidade de doses e apresentações de formas farmacêuticas sólidas orais disponíveis no mercado, uma prática frequente é a partição de comprimidos. O fracionamento da unidade farmacêutica, feita sob recomendação médica ou por iniciativa do paciente, deve-se a vários fatores, como a redução do custo do tratamento, obtenção da dose prescrita em casos em que o tratamento é gradativo e para facilitar a ingestão ou deglutição. Os aspectos mais críticos da partição de comprimidos são perda de produto, quase impossível de se evitar, e a desigualdade entre as partes, tornando a dose descrita pelo fornecedor incompatível com a dose obtida, assim, promovendo a possibilidade de efeitos subterapêuticos ou tóxicos, aumentando as chances de efeitos adversos. Observou-se em análise estatística que a diferença entre as partes e a perda de produto no fracionamento é significativa em alguns casos e que pode impactar na terapia medicamentosa. Assim, diante da  banalização da prática é imprescindível o estudo das consequências decorrentes da mesma a e a conscientização da população, a fim de garantir um tratamento eficiente e evitar efeitos adversos e problemas relacionados a medicamentos

GARANTIA DA SAÚDE ATRAVÉS DO INQUÉRITO CIVIL

This research aims to deepen the study of the right to health in the face of neglect of the public health system that has not been providing its citizens with the minimum necessary to guarantee the dignity of the human person, addressing constitutional principles, fundamental norms of character, and jus-philosophical theses. The right to health has a very remote origin, more precisely in the social state of law, but it became effectively known after the French Revolution in the 18th century, as well as by the Second World War. Since then, several democratic constitutions have begun to insert in their fundamental norms the right to health as a pillar for maintaining the dignity of the person, as well as establishing it as an inherent right to the individual. Subsequently, the analysis of the dignity of the human person will become the central point of the right to health. Finally, we will share the understanding to which these authors, after much research and studies, have joined.Esta pesquisa visa aprofundar o estudo do direito à saúde perante o descaso do sistema público de saúde que não vem propiciando aos seus cidadãos o mínimo necessário para garantia da dignidade da pessoa humana, abordando princípios constitucionais, normas de caráter fundamentais, teses jus-filosóficas. O direito à saúde tem origem muito remota, mais precisamente no Estado social de direito, mas se tornou efetivamente conhecida após a Revolução Francesa, no século XVIII, bem como pela Segunda Guerra Mundial. De lá pra cá, diversas constituições democráticas começaram a inserir em suas normas fundamentais o direito à saúde como pilar para a manutenção da dignidade da pessoa, bem como fixando-a como sendo um direito inerente ao indivíduo. Posteriormente passará a análise da dignidade da pessoa humana como ponto central do direito à saúde. Por fim, compartilharemos o entendimento ao qual estes autores, após muitas pesquisas e estudos, se afiliaram