Attention to low & high prevalence events in action video game players & non-action video game players using sustained multiple object tracking & change detection tasks

Surveillance is an important real-world skill involving several cognitive abilities over a prolonged period. Multiple object tracking (MOT) and change detection research have begun to conceptualize the cognitive processes associated with surveillance in a laboratory setting. The current study incorporated change detection into a more sustained MOT task than what had been studied previously. This experimental design may better represent real-world situations in which identification of changes in items occurs in the real world due to the often-infrequent rate in which it is necessary to recognize changes. Additionally, long-term action video game experience and short-term experiences, such as exposure to rates of prevalence, are examined to help identify potential trainings to improve performance. After four 10-minute MOT trials, a short change detection task was conducted to assess a possible relationship of gaming and recent prevalence experience on later tasks. A main effect of items tracked was the only significant effect found throughout the research, indicating individuals can effectively track 2 items for changes and not 4. A main effect of prevalence was found in the MOT task, giving merit to the inclusion of prevalence in change detection MOT tasks put forth by this study. However, neither gaming experience in the MOT task nor prevalence experience in the follow-up task led to improved performance in the task. This study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in a small sample size and low power. Further research is necessary to examine potential mechanisms for surveillance training, but the current design can serve as guidance for future studies.SUNY College at New Palt

Adaptive Filter Attention

This work introduces Adaptive Filter Attention (AFA), a novel attention mechanism that explicitly incorporates a learnable linear time-invariant dynamics model into the attention computation to improve the estimation of noisy trajectories in stochastic dynamical systems. Unlike standard self-attention, which relies on nonlocal averaging based solely on feature similarity, AFA computes the attention weights using a state-space model that models how latent states evolve over time. The similarity of each query-key pair is modeled by how well the key aligns with the query under the learned dynamics, weighting interactions by their consistency with the system’s temporal evolution. This structure enables AFA to distinguish signal from noise based on the plausibility of dynamic transitions. By incorporating a learnable dynamics model, AFA functions as a model-based adaptive filter, introducing a principled inductive bias that should improve generalization in time series modeling

Fish loss/waste and low-value fish challenges: State of art, advances, and perspectives

The sustainability of fishery is a global challenge due to overfishing and reduced stocks all over the world; one of the leading factors of this threat is fish loss/waste. As a contribution to the global efforts towards a sustainable world, this review addresses the topic from different sides and proposes an overview of biorefinery approaches by discussing bioactive compounds that could be produced from fish loss (nitrogen compounds, lipids, minerals and pigments, and fish-based compounds such as chitosan). The second part of this review reports on the possibility of using loss or unwanted fish to design products for human consumption or for animal feeding, with a focus on economic criteria, consumers’ segmentation, and some examples of products. The final focus is on Food and Agriculture Organization FAO guidelines as a roadmap for the future with respect to solving this threat by addressing the problem from different sides (technology, skills, market, policy, social and gender equity, and infrastructures)

Microencapsulation of saccharomyces cerevisiae into alginate beads: A focus on functional properties of released cells

Five yeast strains (four wild Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains and a collection strain-S. cerevisiae var. boulardii) were encapsulated in alginate beads. Encapsulation yield was at least 60% (100% for some strains) and yeasts survived in beads for 30 days at 4 ◦C, although the viability was strongly affected during storage at 25 ◦C (3 log reduction after 7 days). The kinetic of cell release was studied under static and dynamic conditions, but the results suggest that, after 48 h, beads contained a high number of yeasts. Thus, their use is advisable as re-usable carriers of starter cultures or as a vehicle of probiotics into the gut. Finally, some functional properties (biofilm formation, hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, survival during the transit into the gut) were evaluated on yeasts released by beads to assess if microencapsulation could negatively affect these traits. The results showed that yeasts' entrapment in beads did not affect probiotic properties

A narrative review on the use of probiotics in several diseases. Evidence and perspectives

Gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem, strictly linked to health and disease, as a balanced composition (referred as eubiosis) is necessary for several physiological functions, while an unbalanced composition (dysbiosis) is often associated to pathological conditions and/or diseases. An altered microbiota could be positively affected and partially restored through probiotic supplementation, among others. This review addresses the effects of probiotics in several conditions, used as case-studies (colorectal cancer, neuro-psychiatric diseases, intestinal diseases, obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, immune system, and musculoskeletal system disorders) by pointing out the clinical outcomes, the mode of action, mainly related to the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), the impact of probiotic dose and mode of supplementation, as well as trying to highlight a hit of the most used genera