Agricultural production in Greater Sekhukhune: the future for food security in a poverty node of South Africa?

This paper argues that within the range of complementary activities necessary to secure the food security of marginalised groups in South Africa in places such as Greater Sekhukhune, the aspect of agricultural production is often neglected. A comprehensive approach to food security should focus on exploiting opportunities around increasing local food availability through production, as well as stimulating food accessibility by, for example, supporting small enterprises through micro-credit, and supporting food utilisation through education. In this way a range of options is created that vulnerable people can adopt to promote their livelihoods beyond survivalist strategies. This paper explores the issue of agricultural production within Greater Sekhukhune to provide insights into the challenges facing a comprehensive food security strategy that would guarantee food supply through a range of interventions. The study in the Greater Sekhukhune District in Limpopo Province was conducted through two sets of household surveys (2004 and 2006) and the responses to the agricultural production part of these surveys are discussed. Marked changes from 2004 to 2006 were observed. For “agrarian reform†to be a success, the necessary institutional framework needs to be in place to enable a broad range of services from government and non-governmental actors. The facilitation of such “joined up governmentâ€, although in existence in theory, requires concerted political will to become a reality.Food security, agricultural production, household surveys, Greater Sekhukhune, Agricultural and Food Policy, Consumer/Household Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty,

Microfluidic system for high throughput characterisation of echogenic particles

Echogenic particles, such as microbubbles and volatile liquid micro/nano droplets, have shown considerable potential in a variety of clinical diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The accurate prediction of their response to ultrasound excitation is however extremely challenging, and this has hindered the optimisation of techniques such as quantitative ultrasound imaging and targeted drug delivery. Existing characterisation techniques, such as ultra-high speed microscopy provide important insights, but suffer from a number of limitations; most significantly difficulty in obtaining large data sets suitable for statistical analysis and the need to physically constrain the particles, thereby altering their dynamics. Here a microfluidic system is presented that overcomes these challenges to enable the measurement of single echogenic particle response to ultrasound excitation. A co-axial flow focusing device is used to direct a continuous stream of unconstrained particles through the combined focal region of an ultrasound transducer and a laser. Both the optical and acoustic scatter from individual particles are then simultaneously recorded. Calibration of the device and example results for different types of echogenic particle are presented, demonstrating a high throughput of up to 20 particles per second and the ability to resolve changes in particle radius down to 0.1 ?m with an uncertainty of less than 3%

A new find of Megalotragus priscus (Alcelaphini, Bovidae) from the central Karoo, South Africa

Main articleWe document the occurrence of the Florisian, or late Quaternary, form of the giant alcelaphine, Megalotragus priscus, from dongas on the Ongers River, near Britstown in the central Karoo. This is significant as it confirms the occurrence of the species in the Karoo and it suggests significantly wetter environments and productive grasslands in the central Karoo in pre-Holocene times. The present-day Karoo environment did not maintain populations of large ruminant grazers similar to M. priscus, and other specialized Florisian grazers, prior to the advent of agriculture and pasture management. Aridification in recent times is the likely cause of changes in grassland quality and the local dissappearance of these animals, if not their extinction.Non

Funksies van voorbeeldmateriaal in eentalige woordeboeke

English Title: Functions of illustrative material in monolingual dictionariesEnglish AbstractIllustrative material is a microstructural element which in most dictionaries is not used to its full potential. Interaction between examples and other microstructural elements is imperative. Correlation between the definiens and illustrative material in the dictionary article aids the user of the dictionary with his encoding skills. Without illustrative material supporting it the information conveyed by the definiens is not as significant as it could be. However, illustrative material should not be viewed as an only means of conveying semantic information. Correlation between usage labels and examples is especially important. An example which contradicts a label, or vice versa, confuses the user. If either label or illustrative material is absent, the user can easily be misled. Illustrative material should also support the grammatical information given in the dictionary article. It has an implicit function because it complements and illustrates the explicit information. A correlation between these two microstructural elements of the dictionary article will result in a dictionary which is more user-friendly. Both citations and constructed examples can be applied successfully to assist the user in the comprehension and generation of utterances. Furthermore examples shows that each lexical item is related to others semantically as well as syntactically. Certain semantic resemblances and differences between related lexical items are reflected by illustrative material. Illustrative material should not be viewed as an optional element of the dictionary article, but as an essential component thereof.Keywords: citations, constructed examples, context, definiens, dictionary article, dictionary user, evidence of usage, examples, grammatical information, illustrative material, interaction, lemma, lexical item, pragmatic, register, semantic, semantic relations, syntactic usag

Guttmann\u27s ingenuity : The Paralympic Games as legacy of the Second World War

In February 1944, the British government requested that Jewish German neurologist Dr Ludwig Guttmann set up a National Spinal Injuries Unit at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near Aylesbury, England. The main task of the unit was to take care of the numerous soldiers and civilians suffering from spinal cord injuries (paraplegics and tetraplegics) because of the Second World War. Starting the unit from scratch, Guttmann introduced a revolutionary new programme of treatment and rehabilitation in which sport was incorporated as a form of remedial exercise and a means of social reintegration and recognition. The use of sport as part of the treatment was so successful that it led to the Stoke Mandeville Games in 1948. Four years later, the games became an international event when a team of paraplegic war veterans from the Netherlands crossed the sea to compete against their British counterparts. The International Stoke Mandeville Games continued on an annual basis and in 1960, they were held outside England for the first time. The International Stoke Mandeville Games of 1960 took place in Rome shortly after the completion of the Olympic Games and became commonly known as the Paralympics. The Paralympics grew in stature and by 2012, based on spectator numbers the event became the third largest sporting event in the world. To many fans, the Paralympic Games is an exciting, yet very emotional event to watch and enjoy. Very few of these fans actually realise that the Paralympics are a legacy of the brutality of the Second World War.     In Februarie 1944 het die Britse regering die Joods-gebore Duitse neurochirurg Dr Ludwig Guttmann gevra om die National Spinal Injuries Unit by Stoke Mandeville hospitaal naby Aylesbury in Engeland te bestuur. Die vernaamste taak van die eenheid was om na die talle soldate en burgerlikes wat rugmurgbeserings opgedoen het (parapleë en tetrapleë) as gevolg van die Tweede Wêreldoorlog om te sien. Guttmann het die eenheid van nuuts af opgebou en het \u27n revolusionêre nuwe program van behandeling en rehabilitasie gebruik as \u27n vorm van regstellende oefening en \u27n middel van sosiale integrasie en erkenning vir sy pasiënte. Die gebruik van sport as deel van die behandeling was so suksesvol dat dit gelei het tot die ontstaan van die Stoke Mandeville Spele in 1948. Vier jaar later het die Spele internasionale status verwerf toe \u27n span Nederlandse oorlogsveterane teen hul Britse eweknieë kom kompeteer het. Die Internasionale Stoke Mandeville Spele is daarna jaarliks aangebied. In 1960 is dit net na die Olimpiese Spele, ook in Rome, aangebied, en het bekend geword as die eerste Paralimpiese Spele. Die Paralimpiese Spele het toegeneem in statuur en na die 2012 Spele in Londen was dit gevestig as die derde grootste toeskouersport ter wêreld. Vir menigte sport entoesiaste is die Paralimpiese Spele opwindend, dog baie emosioneel om te volg. Baie min van hierdie entoesiaste besef egter dat die Paralimpiese Spele \u27n direkte uitvloeisel is van die wreedhede van die Tweede Wêreldoorlog

"No normal sport in an abnormal society" - sports isolation and the struggle against apartheid in South African sport, 1980-1992

There has always been the misperception that separate development in sports in South Africa was initiated by the introduction of apartheid as government policy in 1948. On the contrary, apartheid in South African sport had been practised long before the apartheid policy legalised separate development at all levels of South African society. Only since 1948 the practice of sport was governed by laws, whence a close correlation between sports and politics in South Africa developed. Since 1948 South Africa's position was unusual and perhaps unique in that sport became the object of civic struggle in the name of social justice, involving not just players, but the whole population

Die rol van Alwyn Schlebusch in die totstandkoming van die nuwe politieke bedeling, 1978-1983

The failure of apartheid as National Party policy to solve the racial problems facing South Africa, saw the implementation of exciting new ideas within the Party in addressing these problems in the late 1970s. During the period from 1978 to 1983, being part of the so-called PW Botha-era, many political changes occured in order to establish a new political dispensation acceptable to all South Africans involved. The active participation of Alwyn Schlebusch in the establishment of this new dispensation can be traced throughout this period. His assistance in Botha's coming to power, his chairing of certain committees, com.missions and councils as well as his inspiring speeches regarding political reform boosted the National Party in its initiatives. The reform initiatives of the National Party led to rapid changes within the white political structure in South Africa. Certain adaptions to the constitution led to the abolishment of the senate, the introduction of the President's Council and the unique appointment of a deputy state president, a post awarded to Schlebusch. The biggest split within the National Party since 1948, the forming of the Conservative Party as a result thereof and the first federal congress of the National Party since 1%1, also materialised during this struggle for a new political dispensation. All these changes were initiated by the National Party's enthusiasm in solving the country's racial problems. The establishment of this new political dispensation did not solve the problem as a whole, but the period 1978-1983 forms an integral part of political reform in its entirety in attending to this crucial problem. In the build-up to the new political dispensation Alwyn Schlebusch used his authority to build important relationships in order to find a suitable solution to this lingering problem facing South Africa

Bis(3-methyl­anilinium) sulfate

In the crystal structure of the title salt, 2C7H7NH3 +·SO4 2−, the cations inter­act with the oxyanions through strong charge-assisted N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Die Slag van Bakenlaagte

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