Role of Ayurveda in rehabilitation of Abhighataja Pakshavadha - A Clinical Management

Traumatic cerebral haemorrhage is an increasingly recognized complication of severe blunt head or neck trauma, more common with patient with motor vehicle accidents, which may lead to complete paralysis, paraplegia, hemiplegia or severe conditions end up with coma. In the present case history, a 43 year aged male patient was in coma stage after he met with RTA and he recovered back with right hemiplegia. So, he was brought for Rehabilitation through Ayurvedic lines of management. Hence for the same, assessments were done through CNS examinations and NIH scoring was adopted to compare the effect before and after the treatment. And specific treatment was planned which includes Panchakarma, diet regimen, Physiotherapy, Shamanoushadhis and was successfully treated with Ayurveda interventions with reference to Pakshavadha line of management as a rehabilitative management and significant results were obtained after 3 follow ups (total duration for 112 days)

Assessing the carbon footprint of marginal and smallholders farming systems: A typology driven approach

Agriculture is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with practices such as fertilizer application, soil tillage, and livestock management releasing carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4). To meet the demands of a growing population, it is essential to identify agricultural practices that boost food production while simultaneously reducing greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to climate change mitigation and adaptation. This study aimed to quantify GHG emissions from various farm typologies of marginal and smallholder households in the western regions of Tamil Nadu, India, using the Cool Farm Tool (CFT). Data was collected from 250 households in Coimbatore, Tiruppur, and Erode districts during 2022-2023 and farm typologies were identified through multivariate analysis, revealing four farm types: (i) cereal crop-dominated marginal farms, (ii) livestock-dominated marginal farms, (iii) cash crop-dominated marginal farms, and (iv) plantation crop-dominated small farms. The results show that cash crop and plantation crop dominated farms had the highest emissions, particularly from crop residue burning, fertilizer production and fertilizer application. In contrast, cereal crop-dominated farms recorded lower emissions. Livestock dominated farm type exhibited higher GHG emission from enteric fermentation and manure management due to higher number of livestock. The results of this study highlight the importance of developing farm-specific mitigation strategies to reduce emissions. The study also underscores the value of using tools such as CFT for comprehensive GHG quantification to ensure sustainable agricultural practices

Acute and Protracted Cell Death in Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration in the Canine Model of Rhodopsin Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa

Purpose To characterize a light damage paradigm and establish structural and immunocytochemical measures of acute and protracted light-induced retinal degeneration in the rhodopsin (RHO) T4R dog model of RHO–autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP). Methods Retinal light damage was induced in mutant dogs with a 1-minute exposure to various light intensities (0.1–1.0 mW/cm2) delivered with a Ganzfeld stimulator, or by fundus photography. Photoreceptor cell death was assessed by TUNEL assay, and alterations in retinal layers were examined by histology and immunohistochemistry 24 hours and 2 weeks after light exposure. Detailed topographic maps were made to document changes in the outer retinal layers of all four retinal quadrants 2 weeks post exposure. Results Twenty-four hours post light exposure, the severity of photoreceptor cell death was dose dependent. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed disruption of rod outer segments, focal loss of the RPE integrity, and an increase in expression of endothelin receptor B in Müller cells with the two highest doses of light and fundus photography. Two weeks after light exposure, persistence of photoreceptor death, thinning of the outer nuclear layer, and induction of Müller cell gliosis occurred with the highest doses of light. Conclusions We have characterized outcome measures of acute and continuing retinal degeneration in the RHO T4R dog following light exposure. These will be used to assess the molecular mechanisms of light-induced damage and rescue strategies in this large animal model of RHO-ADRP

Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among the tribal populations in India

IMPORTANCE: There is no concrete evidence on the burden of TB among the tribal populations across India except for few studies mainly conducted in Central India with a pooled estimation of 703/100,000 with a high degree of heterogeneity. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of TB among the tribal populations in India. DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS, SETTING: A survey using a multistage cluster sampling design was conducted between April 2015 and March 2020 covering 88 villages (clusters) from districts with over 70% tribal majority populations in 17 States across 6 zones of India. The sample populations included individuals ≥15 years old. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES: Eligible participants who were screened through an interview for symptoms suggestive of pulmonary TB (PTB); Two sputum specimens were examined by smear and culture. Prevalence was estimated after multiple imputations for non-coverage and a correction factor of 1.31 was then applied to account for non-inclusion of X-ray screening. RESULTS: A total of 74532 (81.0%) of the 92038 eligible individuals were screened; 2675 (3.6%) were found to have TB symptoms or h/o ATT. The overall prevalence of PTB was 432 per 100,000 populations. The PTB prevalence per 100,000 populations was highest 625 [95% CI: 496–754] in the central zone and least 153 [95% CI: 24–281] in the west zone. Among the 17 states that were covered in this study, Odisha recorded the highest prevalence of 803 [95% CI: 504–1101] and Jammu and Kashmir the lowest 127 [95% CI: 0–310] per 100,000 populations. Findings from multiple logistic regression analysis reflected that those aged 35 years and above, with BMI <18.5 Kgs /m(2), h/o ATT, smoking, and/or consuming alcohol had a higher risk of bacteriologically positive PTB. Weight loss was relatively more important symptom associated with tuberculosis among this tribal populations followed by night sweats, blood in sputum, and fever. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: The overall prevalence of PTB among tribal groups is higher than the general populations with a wide variation of prevalence of PTB among the tribal groups at zone and state levels. These findings call for strengthening of the TB control efforts in tribal areas to reduce TB prevalence through tribal community/site-specific intervention programs

Comparative Study of Two Effective Routing Protocols

Abstract: In Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network (WMSN), one sink or multiple sinks collecting information and transmitting it through wireless channels. For Multimedia data transmission WMSN requires an un-interrupted power, greater bandwidth, huge memory, and low latency. AODV algorithm is used for finding of effective routing, because of its reactive nature. AODV can handle dynamic behavior of Vehicle Ad hoc (VA) network, it time consume to build the routing table and lacks supports for high throughput routing metrics, and also have some problems on latency, Jitter and reliability. We move to Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol, which has less average end to end and does not need central administrative system to handle routing process. We compared the performance of AODV and OLSR protocols. Sakurai and Katto [2] proposed a protocol by applying a newly developed route updated procedure with combined metrics of delay. Extension of RREQ/RREP packets with the source route list is also incorporated with the limitation of hop count to provide more efficient multiple routes. The protocol specifies two methods with different metrics. The first one is hop size minimization principle. The second method is delay Minimization principle. Keywords- Many methods have been done to improve the performance of routing protocol. However, they cannot overcome the problems. In the protocol Feng and Cheng K. Gupta et. al. [4] performance evaluation of routing protocols AODV, DSR and TORA. The packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay. The results show that AODV performs best. L. Xia et. al. AODV and DSR procedures for two dissimilar traffic classes, in a designated atmosphere are completed. It is demanded that DSR and AODV implement if the traffic weight is heavy then the network load is reasonable. II. METHOD USED IN AODV Wireless networks with flexibility and simplicity such as the WLAN and used in various places. WNs have depended on infrastructure that is router and access point. Ad-hoc networks independent to infrastructures are needed and many researchers are understudied in this topic. Mobile nodes with wireless media functions and routers are presented in Ad-hoc networks. As the network topology is changed in each node, the routing algorithm must have ad-hoc networks. AODV can be called a pure ondemand route, gaining system nodes not in attendance on active paths neither keep any steering data or yield portion in any sporadic routing board relations nodes that are lacking on active paths, another node doesn&quot;t have to discover and maintain one route to another node awaiting communicate between two nodes unless connectivity uphold between two nodes, the earlier node is giving in its services as an in-between forwarding position. But, some disadvantages in AODV. III. METHOD USED IN OLSR The Optimized Link State Routing. MANETs developed by proactive routing protocol and table-driven. It is an optimization of unpolluted link state protocols in that it reduces the amount of control packet as well as the amount of control packets communication required. OLSR reduce the control transfer overhead by using Multipoint Relays (MPR), which is the key idea at the back OLSR. A MPR is a node&apos;s one-hop national which has been selected to forward packets. Instead of unpolluted flooding of the network, packets are presently forwarded by a node&apos;s MPRs. These delimit the network transparency, thus being more capable than pure relationship state routing protocols. OLSR is well matched to huge and dense mobile networks. Since of the use of MPRs, the superior and more crowded a network, the further optimized link state routing is achieved. IV. OPERATION OF AODV PROTOCOL A. RREQ Messages AODV doesn&quot;t contribute any role in connection routes among nodes are effective. A RREQ message is publicized after a node wants to define a route to a goal. As a RREQ transmits throughout the linkage in-between nodes practice it to bring up to date the transmitting tables. The RREQ also holds the most hate sequence number for the goal. A legal target route must have a order digit at smallest as grand as that restricted in the RREQ