Cultural Variations in the Glass Ceiling Effect: A Review

Gender Disparity is a universal phenomenon. The effect is more evident in an organisational setup. Two common forms of gender disparity are sticky floor effect and glass ceiling effect. Glass ceiling effect refers to the barriers that prevent women from progressing to the higher positions in the organisations. It can lead to differences in pay and may prevent women from climbing up the career ladder. The barriers may be psychological, social or organisational. The paper discusses the presence of glass ceiling across different cultures and its implications

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of 3-{3-(s-Aryl and s-Heteroaromatic)acryloyl}-2Hchromen-2-one Derivatives

The exploration of potential utilization of microwaves as an energy source for heterocyclic synthesis was herein investigated using condensation of 3-acetylcoumarin (1) with aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes to afford the corresponding aromatic chalcones (2a–j) and heteroaromatic chalcones (3a–e and 4a–e), respectively, in good to excellent yield within 1–3 min. The chemical structures were confirmed by analytical and spectral data. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity and 3-{3-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)acryloyl}-2H-chromen-2-one (2i) was discovered to be the most active at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 7.8 µg/m

EVALUASI PENGANGGARAN, PENGALOKASIAN, DAN PELAPORAN DANA DESA BERAKIT

Berakit Village is located in the administrative area of ​​Bintan Regency, Teluk Sebong District. Village funds start from planning programs and activities, community implementation. Group 6 KKN carried out socialization in the form of targets and input for land development carried out by the Village Head and then given to BUMDes Berakit, which has the aim of improving the economy of the assembled community by managing land and maximizing the use of the budget so that it is on target. In this socialization it went well and also received a pretty good response, the result of this program of activities was that the Berakit Village community was enthusiastic regarding the development and management of land, budgeting, allocation and reporting of the use of village fund budgets which they hoped would advance tourism, SMEs, and improve the economy of Berakit Village. In addition, they hope that the existing village fund budget can be allocated properly and its use is prioritized on things that have the potential so that it will generate a large benefit in the futur

Cultural Variations in the Glass Ceiling Effect: A Review

Gender Disparity is a universal phenomenon. The effect is more evident in an organisational setup. Two common forms of gender disparity are sticky floor effect and glass ceiling effect. Glass ceiling effect refers to the barriers that prevent women from progressing to the higher positions in the organisations. It can lead to differences in pay and may prevent women from climbing up the career ladder. The barriers may be psychological, social or organisational. The paper discusses the presence of glass ceiling across different cultures and its implications.</jats:p

Ayurvedic Management of Acute Dissociative Reactions to Stressful Life Events - A Case Study

Mental diseases known as dissociative disorders are characterised by a sense of discontinuity and separation from one's thoughts, memories, environment, activities, and identity. People with dissociative disorders unintentionally and unhealthily flee reality, which makes it difficult for them to carry on with daily activities. Dissociative identity disorder (DID, sometimes known as multiple personality disorder), fugue, "psychogenic" or "functional" amnesia, and depersonalization disorder are examples of dissociative disorders. Other specified dissociative disorder is subcategory of dissociative disorders that describes presentations in which symptoms are typical of a dissociative disorder but do not fully match the diagnostic criteria for any of the illnesses in the diagnostic class of dissociative disorders. In Ayurveda this condition can be considered as Unmada. 34 year female patient hailing from Malappuram, Kerala, brought to Manasanthi OPD of VPSV Ayurveda College, Kottakka,l by husband and relatives complains of lack of desire to live, wants to end her life, loss of sleep, difficulty to walk and doing daily activities since 3 days. She was very much concerned about the behavioural issues and wellbeing of her elder son since 12 years. According to the informant, the patient was having increased tension, repeated talking about her elder son, making loud noises and suicidal thoughts. Also, she had an attempt to suicide. She was treated on an IP level with a combination of Ayurvedic internal medications and Panchakarma procedures. The treatment protocol includes Snehapana, Virecana, Nasya, Shirodhara, and Dhoopana. Satvavajaya methods including Yoga also administered. There were considerable relief from symptoms and HAM D score was reduced from 21 to 6.</jats:p

Beyond the Surface: Delving Deeper Into Leukoaraiosis With Multivoxel Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Objective: To investigate metabolite changes in patients with leukoaraiosis employing multivoxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) with the focus on periventricular white matter and explicate the biochemical alterations associated with leukoaraiosis and their impact on lesion load.Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 64 patients with a known history of leukoaraiosis (mean age, 66.40±8.96 years; 54 men and 10 women) referred for magnetic resonance imaging, wherein MRS was performed. For comparison, 128 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals (mean age, 61.98±8.18 years; 40 men and 88 women) who comprised the control group also underwent MRS. We correlated metabolite ratios (NAA/Cr, NAA/Cho, and Cho/Cr) analyzed on MRS with lesion load measured by semiautomated software.Results: The NAA/Cr ratio was significantly lower, whereas the NAA/Cho ratio was significantly higher in the control group compared with the patients with leukoaraiosis (P &lt;.0001) . The Cho/Cr ratio was also significantly higher in the controls compared with the patients with leukoaraiosis (P &lt;.0034) . This suggests that patients with leukoaraiosis exhibit significant metabolic differences compared with healthy controls. We observed no correlation between the metabolite ratios and lesion load, which indicates that the degree of white matter hyperintensities is not related to the metabolic changes in leukoaraiosis.Conclusions: This study explicates the understanding of leukoaraiosis and underscores the potential of MRS as a biomarker for early diagnosis of leukoaraiosis

A clinical study on the outcomes of tracheostomy in a tertiary care center: a prospective observational study

Background: Tracheostomy is most commonly performed in patients who have difficulty in weaning off a ventilator. This surgical procedure is associated with complications. The present study was aimed to evaluate the outcomes of tracheostomy with primary and secondary objectives. Methods: This study was done in department of ENT, KIMS Health, Trivandrum, Kerala. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria 81 patients were included in the study. Study procedure was explained and informed consent was obtained from close relatives or kin of patients. Demographic, clinical and complication data was collected from the patients and analysed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (20.0 version) software. Correlation was done between complications and period of decanulation. Results: The study was done in 81 patients under gone tracheostomy. Maximum number of patients had age between 61-80 years. Males were more number than females. Portex type of tube used in maximum patients. 70 patients underwent elective and 11 underwent emergency tracheostomy. 74 patients underwent surgery in operation theatre and 5 in an ICU. Prolonged ventilation is the major indication for tracheostomy. Out of 81 patients 55 did not show any complications. 9 patients developed granulations. Significant correlation was observed between complications with period of decanulation. Conclusions: Postoperative care, regular follow up and proper nursing home care is essential for the patients who require prolonged tracheostomy and also to prevent complications with speedy recovery.</jats:p

Clinicopathological study of non-malignant lesions of larynx: a prospective observational study

&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Non-malignant lesions of the larynx constitute an interesting array of lesions. The significance of non-malignant lesions lies in the fact that it cannot only cause change in voice but, at times, can lead to breathing difficulty or life-threatening stridor.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; This was a prospective observational study done between November 2019 - July 2020. All the details were filled up by the principal investigator in a structured study proforma. This proforma contains data regarding essential demographic details, clinical features, ENT examination, flexible video laryngoscopy findings, stroboscopy findings, voice handicap index, diagnosis and management. Statistical method and data analysis in this study we tried to describe the analysis process with appropriate methods and principles of statistics, using the data collected from the patients, participated in this study.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The most common non-malignant lesion among the 50 patients studied was vocal cord polyp; second most common being the vocal cord cyst. The relation of hoarseness of voice, difficulty in breathing, smoking or alcohol intake with non-malignant lesions showed a statistically significant result. On interpreting the stroboscopic findings of various lesions, all cases of vocal nodule showed an hourglass-shaped glottic closure.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; These lesions can create a lot of mental and emotional tension in the patient and the family. Early diagnosis of the lesions can lead to effective management and functional recovery. Stroboscopy is valued for its excellent ability to examine the structure and the function of the glottis during phonation.&lt;/p&gt;</jats:p