Bakhtin’s Polyphony and Translation: A Case Study of a Persian Translation of Alice Munro’s Runaway

Mikhail Bakhtin (1984), as a Russian linguist and philosopher introduced the concept of ‘voice’ in the text. This paper investigates the voices in the Persian translation of Alice Munro’s Runaway based on Bakhtin’s theory on polyphony. The methodology is content analysis. As Munday (2008) indicates in order to investigate the voices it is necessary to analyze the style in the source text, and to make comparison between source and target text. By the following Munday’s strategies on the stylistic analysis, the researcher shows that the polyphonic nature in the Runaway is due to the Munro’s choice of the Free Indirect Discourse (FID) as the mode of narration. Findings reveal the voices existed in source text have been reduced in target text due to the partial failure in rendering and reproducing the lexical and grammatical features of FID

Similarities and Contrasts of the Culture of Women’s “Otherness” in English and Persian Languages: Analysis of Bhutto\u27s \u3cem\u3eDaughter of the East\u3c/em\u3e

Simone de Beauvoir in The Second Sex portrayed how the concepts of Self and Other are being shaped, created or reinforced in a text. The concept of Otherness is portrayed conspicuously in Benazir Bhutto’s autobiography entitled Daughter of the East. Benazir Bhutto was the first democratically elected female leader of Pakistan and she was assassinated in December 2007. Bhutto talked about her personal life, strength and her political activity in the twentieth century. Alireza Ayari translated this autobiography into Persian in 2009. The purpose of this study is to examine the concept of women’s Otherness in Daughter of the East (Source Text, “ST”) and then to analyze the changes of this concept in its Persian translation (Target Text, “TT”). This is a mixed method study and includes qualitative and quantitative phases. In the qualitative phase, the facts of Otherness in the ST are compared to those in the TT in order to find out to what extent the exact meaning of Otherness in the ST transferred to the TT. The findings show that the translator could transfer the exact strength of meaning of Otherness to the TT in most cases. In the quantitative phase, the TT is examined by the use of manipulation strategies (omission, addition, substitution, attenuation). The investigation shows that out of 30 items under study, the most commonly used strategies by the translator were omission (46.66%) and addition (40%). It can be concluded that the translator may consciously and unconsciously use these two strategies more than others to impose certain conscious or unconscious cultural and linguistic implications in terms of Otherness

Bakhtin’s Polyphony and Translation: A Case Study of a Persian Translation of Alice Munro’s Runaway

Mikhail Bakhtin (1984), as a Russian linguist and philosopher introduced the concept of ‘voice’ in the text. This paper investigates the voices in the Persian translation of Alice Munro’s Runaway based on Bakhtin’s theory on polyphony. The methodology is content analysis. As Munday (2008) indicates in order to investigate the voices it is necessary to analyze the style in the source text, and to make comparison between source and target text. By the following Munday’s strategies on the stylistic analysis, the researcher shows that the polyphonic nature in the Runaway is due to the Munro’s choice of the Free Indirect Discourse (FID) as the mode of narration. Findings reveal the voices existed in source text have been reduced in target text due to the partial failure in rendering and reproducing the lexical and grammatical features of FID

Book Review: Ottoman Women: Myth and Reality

Review of Ottoman Women: Myth and Reality by Asli Sancar (New Jersey: Light, Inc., 2007

Irigaray’s Feminine Language in Joyce Johnson’s Minor Characters: A Beat Memoir

This is a critical reading of Joyce Johnson’s memoir Minor Characters to investigate the ways women’s language is generated using philosopher Luce Irigaray’s feminist framework of language. This study is library-based research done by a close reading of the memoir. Joyce Johnson was part of the second generation of women Beat writers, and she had a love affair with the main male Beat figure, Jack Kerouac. In Minor Characters, she illustrates the history of the Beat Generation. Irigaray, a Belgian feminist theorist, discusses the concept of feminine language, gender roles, and women’s position in society. Findings illustrate that Joyce Johnson generates feminine language through choice of subject matter deemed unacceptable for the time period, word play, feminine vocabulary, unusual syntax, and by using the female body as a source of meaningmaking. Moreover, in some parts of the memoir, women’s silence also implies a subversive feminist response to language

A Critical Review of the Book English in Educational Administration

Educational administration is generally meant planning, organizing, guiding, coordinating, supervising, and evaluating the educational process, but specifically it means guidance, assistance, and creating the right environment for the educational activity. In other words, educational administration is the process of harmonizing human talents and taking advantage of environmental conditions for educational purposes. The aim of this article is to criticize the book entitled English in Educational Administration. This book could help students to become familiar with the specialized vocabulary of Educational Administration in order to study research done in this area. It is found out that this book is not only an academic text, but it includes the characteristics of teaching and learning, as well. Findings show that along with several positive points in this book, a few shortcomings also point out, and some suggestions are provided to improve the textbook, such as to use up-to-date materials that contain less complex and long sentences and also to provide a section called “Further Reading” at the end of each lesson or at the end of the book to help students who need more information about the discussed points

The effect of self-monitoring attention strategy on enhancement of attention and accuracy of reading in students with Down syndrome

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of self-monitoring attention strategy on enhancement of attention and accuracy of reading in students with Down syndrome. For the purpose of this study, 3 girls with Down syndrome who were studying at one of the exceptional schools of Qom in academic year 2015-2016, were selected as the sample using purposive sampling. In this research, which is a single-subject and multi-line design with different subjects, in order to determine the amount of inattention behaviors, each participant was first carefully observed and their accurately measured and recorded. Then, during the intervention phase, each participant trains self- monitoring of attention strategy during the twelve sessions for 45 minutes. The behavior of these participants is also observed after the intervention phase in the follow-up sessions. Finally, the data analyzed by analyzing the visual diagrams and calculating the influence amount index. The results of the research show that the strategy of self-monitoring of attention increased the accuracy of all three participants

Leanness assessment in automotive industry: Case study approach

The main objective of this study is to develop a framework to assess the leanness of companies in the automotive industry. Although lean manufacturing (LM) has been discussed in previous studies, leanness assessment is less investigated. Therefore, to fill this gap, this study is conducted to assess the leanness of three manufacturing companies with regard to different supply chain drivers. Principally, six drivers of facility, inventory, transportation, sourcing, pricing and information are selected as the major components of supply chains. The lean-related activities of each driver are identified and a benchmarked questionnaire is applied to assess the leanness of companies. Next, different leanness of each driver is calculated accordingly. An overall quantity of leanness is also provided for each company. Finally, some managerial insights and future research directions are recommended. According to the results, second case study has the highest degree of leanness in comparison to other two companies. In addition, this company has the best performance with regard to each supply chain driver