Spectrum of ovarian tumours- a five year study

Background: Ovarian tumor is the seventh most common cause of cancer related deaths in female. The aim of this study is to find the, morphological and clinicopathological correlation, gross, histological pattern, and incidence of age distribution of ovarian tumors.Materials and Methods: This retrospective and prospective study was carried out from January 2011 to December 2015. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination using hematoxylin and eosin stain. Special stains and immunohistochemistry were carried out whenever needed.Results: Out of total 158 cases, 62.65% were benign, 3.79% were borderline, and 33.55% were malignant. Histologically, surface epithelial tumors were the most common (74.06%) followed by germ cell tumours(15.82%) and sex cord–stromal tumors (10.12%).Benign tumors were mostly seen in age group of 20–40 years, borderline 21–40 years, and malignant 50–80 years.Conclusion: Tumors originating from surface epithelium are the most common and their malignant counterparts are more frequent in the elderly age group.</p

ROLE OF INTERLUEKIN – 6 AS A PROGNOSTIC MARKER IN COVID-19 PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE IN INDORE DISTRICT, STATE M.P.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly around the world since its emergence and has wreaked havoc globally. As hospitals around the world are being overwhelmed due  to the COVID-19 pandemic, it is of utmost urgency to identify biomarkers which would accurately predict patient outcome at an early stage. Many studies suggested that numerous markers of inflammation like CRP, ESR, LDH, D-Dimer, Serum Ferritin and Interleukin -6 were found to be significantly elevated in patients with severe disease relative to patients with milder conditions. Amongst which IL-6 appears to be the most important driver of immune dysregulation and ARDS in Covid-19.  According to known evidence, IL-6 is superior to CRP and other markers of inflammation in predicting respiratory failure in Covid-19 (1, 2].&#x0D; Method: All patients had a positive covid-19 Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test results.  Patients with the history of comorbidities such as Hypertension (HTN), Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Asthama, Heart failure, Chronic renal Failure (CRF) were included. The clinical and laboratory findings including Haemoglobin, WBC counts, Differential Counts, Liver Function Tests, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Ferritin and Interleukin -6 (IL-6) were obtained from the database. Results: A total of 50 patients were included in the study. The median age of study population was found to be 52.5 years. It was observed that there were significantly increased serum IL-6 levels as the age increased. The serum levels of both IL-6 and CRP were markedly increased in morbid patients. Higher plasma IL-6 levels translated to more severity (determined by of days of hospital stay, mechanical ventilation and mortality).&#x0D; Conclusion: This study proves that serum IL-6 level is an accurate and a reliable indicator in predicting the prognosis of the patients in terms of longer hospital stay ,greater need of mechanical ventilation, and/ or increased  mortality.&#x0D; Keywords: IL-6&amp; Covid-Biomarkers.</jats:p

Prevalence of Anemia among Adolescent Girls in a Rural Area of Indore, Central India

Background: India is one of the countries with the largest prevalence of anemia. The studies about adolescent anemia limited to small population in rural area around Index Medical College Indore. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of anemia and risk factors among adolescent girls in a PHC in jurisdiction of this institute, where social customs and diet are applied strictly and adopted as taboo in the society. Materials and Methods: The population of study was recruited from 12- to 18-year-old girls from various schools in and around the villages under PHCs having dependent rural population of Index Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Indore. It also included the adolescent girl patients who applied to Pediatric Outpatient clinics. The criteria of anemia were accepted as the hemoglobin value below 12 g/dl for girls. Thalassemia traits, patients having chronic illness, or taking medication were excluded from the study. The following investigations done were complete blood count, peripheral blood smear study, reticulocyte counts, osmotic fragility test, Sickling test, alkali denaturation test for HbF, and hemoglobin electrophoresis. Results: The girls aged 12–18 years were 196 (23.33%) who were selected for the analysis to know the prevalence and type of anemia. The overall prevalence of anemia was 55.10%. About 108 out of 196 adolescent girls had varying severity of anemia. About 44.90% of girls were found to be non-anemic. Out of all 196 adolescent girls, 77 (70.00%) were mildly anemic, 16 (14.54%) were moderately anemia, and 17 (15.45%) were severely anemic. The Mean and SD values found were 11.23 ± 2.53 gm/dl. In the present study, the analysis of the prevalence of morphological types of anemia revealed that 83 (42.34%) girls had normocytic normochromic blood picture. Whereas the microcytic hypochromic peripheral smears were seen in 45 (22.95%) adolescent girls. The microcytic normochromic anemia was found in 50 (25.51%) cases and macrocytic picture was seen in 12 (6.12%) participants. All were advised Hb electrophoresis. Two of the girls did not report and 15 girls’ sample were analyzed. It showed 1 (0.51%) girl had sickle cell disease, 5 (2.55%) had sickle cell trait, and nine did reveal for sickle thalassemia disease. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that anemia, among rural girls of small villages and Taluka in Madhya Pradedh, is also high as in other parts of the country. This indicates the importance of including adolescents in the risk group to improve their iron status and the need for planning intervention programs that would increase the hemoglobin levels among adolescent girls through prophylaxis treatment, dietary modification, and helminth control. Increasing the educational level of rural girls would also ensure safe motherhood