Co-efficient of variation, heritability, genetic advance and variability for ricebean (Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) genotypes under mid hill conditions of Uttarakhand

The present investigation was carried out to estimate the genetic parameters for ten traits in ricebean genotypes. Fourteen genotypes of ricebean (Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) were collected from different regions of country were evaluated for yield and its components. The study revealed that the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all traits. The value of PCV and GCV was higher for seed yield/plant, 100 seed weight and number of pods/plant. Heritability values were high for all the traits except leaflet size and pod length. High genetic advance was observed for days to 50% flowering, number of pods and seeds /plant, days to maturity, suggest that scope for improvement of these characters through selection. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was registered for 50% flowering, number of pods and seeds /plant indicate that the genetic variance for these traits are probably owing to their high additive gene effect and thus there is better scope for improvement of these traits through direct selection. Therefore selection based on these characters will bring the desired improvement in seed yield of ricebean. With respect to mean performance of genotype, PRR-2, PRR-1 and PRR-2011- 1 was found superior among all the genotypes

An Inflated Probability Model for the Rural Out-Migration

The main objective of the paper is to develop an inflated Probability model for the total number of migrants from a household. The suitability of the model is tested through observed data

Polymeric Patches For Transdermal Delivery Of Nsaids: Formulation Strategies And Evaluation Techniques

Transdermal drug delivery offers numerous advantages over conventional oral and parenteral routes, particularly for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Polymeric patches have emerged as promising platforms for delivering NSAIDs transdermally due to their ease of application, improved patient compliance, and sustained drug release profiles. This review comprehensively examines the formulation strategies and evaluation techniques employed in the development of polymeric patches for transdermal delivery of NSAIDs. Various polymeric systems, including matrix, reservoir, and drug-in-adhesive formulations, are discussed along with their advantages and limitations. Evaluation techniques encompassing drug release kinetics, skin permeation studies, adhesive properties, and mechanical characteristics are critically analyzed to ensure the efficacy and safety of polymeric patch formulations

Block Chain Technology in Digital Accounting

The manual system of business process has been restricted by the Nobel Covid-19, and people have begun to work digitally. Block chain technology cannot be ignored when it comes to digitalization. Cryptocurrency and digitalization have grown far more rapidly than any other industry, and this technology is at the heart of it. Especially in the accounting field, this technology could have a major impact. It is possible that block chain technology could transform accounting from a two-entry system to a three-entry system.. As a result of this accounting fundamental need, it becomes imperative to maintain and update financial records. The transactions are recorded in real time, with full accuracy and reliability, and once the transaction is completed, it cannot be changed

A comparative study of coronary artery disease in diabetics and non-diabetics

Background: Cardiovascular diseases accounts for the greatest burden of morbidity and mortality worldwide, both in developed and in developing countries. Coronary Heart Disease  makes up more than half of all CVD deaths in men and women  under 75 years of age, is eases with a lifetime risk of developing CHD after  age 40 years, of 49 per cent for men and 32 per cent for women. The Framingham study showed that the risk of cardiovascular death was increased 4-5 fold in women and 2 fold in men with predominantly type-2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: The present study was undertaken at Chandulal Chandrakar Memorial Hospital, Bhilai, Dist. Durg, Chhattisgarh, India between the periods of September- 2010, September-2012 (2 years). 120 cases of CAD were studied, out of which 60 cases are diabetic CAD and 60 cases are non-diabetic CAD. Sample is drawn by simple random technique. Ethical approval was obtained from institutional ethical committee. Total Cases were 120, Diabetic CAD (Group -1)-60 and Non-diabetic CAD (Group 2)-60. Results: Male to female ratio in group-1 was 2.3:1 and in group-2 it was 1.7:1. Females were commonly affected in the diabetic group than non-diabetic group. Diabetics are more obese than non-diabetics. Non-diabetics have higher ideal body weight 58.33% than diabetic (36.66%) (p<0.001); whereas proportion of over-weight people was same in both groups. Among the diabetic group and non-diabetic group maximum number of cases belonged to low risk category with total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol, but with borderline risk with HDL cholesterol.Conclusions: CAD in diabetics had considerably higher percent of severe and unpredictable presentation. Diabetics have a higher risk factor profile and poor clinical outcome.

Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Associated Behavioral Risk Factors in a Squatter Community in Butwal, Nepal: A Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are among the most prevalent illnesses worldwide. The morbidity associated with IPIs results in health and economic burdens for billions of people worldwide, especially in low-income nations. Increasing urbanization in Nepal has resulted in the formation of squatter communities in urban centers. These communities often face a disproportionate burden of health issues due to the quality of their living environment. This study aims to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for IPIs in the squatter community of Butwal, Nepal. METHODS: A total of 170 individuals were recruited for a cross-sectional study via convenience sampling. Information pertaining to demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors was obtained via structured questionnaires, personal interviews, and direct witnessing during the field visit. Stool samples (n = 170) were examined for intestinal parasite eggs and oocysts via direct wet mount and concentration techniques. RESULTS: Overall, the prevalence of parasites was 28.8% (5.3% protozoa, 24.7% helminths). Six species of intestinal parasites were detected. Ascaris lumbricoides (21.2%) was the most dominant helminthic parasite, followed by Trichuris trichiura (2.9%), Entamoeba histolytica (2.4%), Cryptosporidium sp. (1.8%), Giardia lamblia (1.8%), and hookworm (1.8%). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that participants who did not trim their nails once a week were more prone to getting a parasitic infection. CONCLUSION: The relatively high prevalence of IPIs among participating residents of the Butwal slum may contribute to an increased risk of IPI transmission due to inadequate hygiene behaviors. Among the participants in this study, more than one quarter stated that they do not trim their nails every week, and approximately one-fifth indicated open defecation. Standardized health education regarding the benefits of hand and nail hygiene behaviors may contribute positively in reducing the parasitic burden and interrupting the chain of transmission in developing urban areas such as Butwal

Existence and convergence results for a class of nonexpansive type mappings in hyperbolic spaces

[EN] We consider a wider class of nonexpansive type mappings and present some fixed point results for this class of mappingss in hyperbolic spaces. Indeed, first we obtain some existence results for this class of mappings. Next, we present some convergence results for an iteration algorithm for the same class of mappings. Some illustrative non-trivial examples have also been discussed.Pant, R.; Pandey, R. (2019). Existence and convergence results for a class of nonexpansive type mappings in hyperbolic spaces. Applied General Topology. 20(1):281-295. https://doi.org/10.4995/agt.2019.11057SWORD281295201M. Abbas and T. Nazir, A new faster iteration process applied to constrained minimization and feasibility problems, Mat. Vesnik 66, no. 2 (2014), 223-234.R. P. Agarwal, D. O'Regan and D. R. Sahu, Iterative construction of fixed points of nearly asymptotically nonexpansive mappings, J. Nonlinear Convex Anal. 8, no. 1 (2007), 61-79.A. Amini-Harandi, M. Fakhar and H. R. Hajisharifi, Weak fixed point property for nonexpansive mappings with respect to orbits in Banach spaces, J. Fixed Point Theory Appl. 18, no. 3 (2016), 601-607. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11784-016-0310-3K. Aoyama and F. Kohsaka, Fixed point theorem for α-nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces, Nonlinear Anal. 74, no. 13 (2011), 4387-4391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.na.2011.03.057B. A. Bin Dehaish and M. A. Khamsi, Browder and Göhde fixed point theorem for monotone nonexpansive mappings, Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2016:20 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13663-016-0505-8H. Busemann, Spaces with non-positive curvature, Acta Math. 80 (1948), 259-310. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02393651T. Butsan, S. Dhompongsa and W. Takahashi, A fixed point theorem for pointwise eventually nonexpansive mappings in nearly uniformly convex Banach spaces, Nonlinear Anal. 74, no. 5 (2011), 1694-1701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.na.2010.10.041J. García-Falset, E. Llorens-Fuster and T. Suzuki, Fixed point theory for a class of generalized nonexpansive mappings, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 375, no. 1 (2011), 185-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2010.08.069H. Fukhar-ud-din and M. A. Khamsi, Approximating common fixed points in hyperbolic spaces, Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2014:113 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-1812-2014-113K. Goebel and M. Japón-Pineda, A new type of nonexpansiveness, Proceedings of 8-th international conference on fixed point theory and applications, Chiang Mai, 2007.K. Goebel and W. A. Kirk, A fixed point theorem for asymptotically nonexpansive mappings, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 35 (1972), 171-174. https://doi.org/10.1090/S0002-9939-1972-0298500-3K. Goebel, T. Sekowski and A. Stachura, Uniform convexity of the hyperbolic metric and fixed points of holomorphic mappings in the Hilbert ball, Nonlinear Anal. 4, no. 5 (1980), 1011-1021. https://doi.org/10.1016/0362-546X(80)90012-7K. Goebel and W. A. Kirk, Iteration processes for nonexpansive mappings, Topological methods in nonlinear functional analysis (Toronto, Ont., 1982), Contemp. Math., vol. 21, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 1983, pp. 115-123. https://doi.org/10.1090/conm/021/729507K. Goebel and S. Reich, Uniform convexity, hyperbolic geometry, and nonexpansive mappings, Monographs and Textbooks in Pure and Applied Mathematics, vol. 83, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1984. https://doi.org/10.1112/blms/17.3.293M. Gregus, Jr., A fixed point theorem in Banach space, Boll. Un. Mat. Ital. A (5) 17, no. 1 (1980), 193-198.M. Gromov, Metric structures for Riemannian and non-Riemannian spaces, english ed., Modern Birkhäuser Classics, Birkhäuser Boston, Inc., Boston, MA, 2007, Based on the 1981 French original, With appendices by M. Katz, P. Pansu and S. Semmes, Translated from the French by Sean Michael Bates. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-8176-4583-0B. Gunduz and S. Akbulut, Strong convergence of an explicit iteration process for a finite family of asymptotically quasi-nonexpansive mappings in convex metric spaces, Miskolc Math. Notes 14 (2013), no. 3, 905-913. https://doi.org/10.18514/mmn.2013.641S. Ishikawa, Fixed points and iteration of a nonexpansive mapping in a Banach space, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 59, no. 1 (1976), 65-71. https://doi.org/10.1090/S0002-9939-1976-0412909-XM. A. Khamsi, On metric spaces with uniform normal structure, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 106, no. 3 (1989), 723-726. https://doi.org/10.1090/S0002-9939-1989-0972234-4M. A. Khamsi and A. R. Khan, Inequalities in metric spaces with applications, Nonlinear Anal. 74 (2011), no. 12, 4036-4045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.na.2011.03.034S. H. Khan, A Picard-Mann hybrid iterative process, Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2013:69 (2013), 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-1812-2013-69S. H. Khan, D. Agbebaku and M. Abbas, Three step iteration process for two multivalued nonexpansive maps in hyperbolic spaces, J. Math. Ext. 10, no. 4 (2016), 87-109.S. H. Khan and M. Abbas, Common fixed point results for a Banach operator pair in CAT(0) spaces with applications, Commun. Fac. Sci. Univ. Ank. S'{e}r. A1 Math. Stat. 66 (2017), no. 2, 195-204. https://doi.org/10.1501/commua1_0000000811S. H. Khan, M. Abbas and T. Nazir, Existence and approximation results for skc mappings in busemann spaces, Waves Wavelets Fractals Adv. Anal. 3 (2017), 48-60.https://doi.org/10.1515/wwfaa-2017-0005S. H. Khan and H. Fukhar-ud din, Convergence theorems for two finite families of some generalized nonexpansive mappings in hyperbolic spaces, J. Nonlinear Sci. Appl. 10, no. 2 (2017), 734-743. https://doi.org/10.22436/jnsa.010.02.34A. R. Khan, H. Fukhar-ud din and M. A. A. Khan, An implicit algorithm for two finite families of nonexpansive maps in hyperbolic spaces, Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2012:54 (2012), 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-1812-2012-54W. A. Kirk, Fixed point theorems for non-Lipschitzian mappings of asymptotically nonexpansive type, Israel J. Math. 17 (1974), 339-346. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02757136W. A. Kirk, Fixed point theory for nonexpansive mappings, Fixed point theory (Sherbrooke, Que., 1980), Lecture Notes in Math., vol. 886, Springer, Berlin-New York, 1981, pp. 484-505. https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0092201W. A. Kirk, Fixed point theorems in CAT(0) spaces and R-trees, Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2004:4 (2004), 309-316. https://doi.org/10.1155/S1687182004406081W. A. Kirk and B. Panyanak, A concept of convergence in geodesic spaces, Nonlinear Anal. 68, no. 12 (2008), 3689-3696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.na.2007.04.011U. Kohlenbach, Some logical metatheorems with applications in functional analysis, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 357, no. 1 (2005), 89-128. https://doi.org/10.1090/S0002-9947-04-03515-9L. Leustean, Nonexpansive iterations in uniformly convex W-hyperbolic spaces, Nonlinear analysis and optimization I. Nonlinear analysis, Contemp. Math., vol. 513, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 2010, pp. 193-210. https://doi.org/10.1090/conm/513/10084L. Leustean, A quadratic rate of asymptotic regularity for CAT(0)-spaces, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 325, no. 1 (2007), 386-399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2006.01.081T. C. Lim, Remarks on some fixed point theorems, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 60 (1976), 179-182. https://doi.org/10.1090/S0002-9939-1976-0423139-XE. Llorens-Fuster, Orbitally nonexpansive mappings, Bull. Austral. Math. Soc. 93, no. 3 (2016), 497-503. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0004972715001318W. R. Mann, Mean value methods in iteration, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 4 (1953), 506-510. https://doi.org/10.1090/S0002-9939-1953-0054846-3K. Menger, Untersuchungen über allgemeine metrik, Math. Ann. 100, no. 1 (1928), 75-163. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01448840S. A. Naimpally, K. L. Singh and J. H. M. Whitfield, Fixed points in convex metric spaces, Math. Japon. 29, no. 4 (1984), 585-597.A. Nicolae, Generalized asymptotic pointwise contractions and nonexpansive mappings involving orbits, Fixed Point Theory Appl. (2010), Art. ID 458265, 19. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/458265M. A. Noor, New approximation schemes for general variational inequalities, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 251, no. 1 (2000), 217-229. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmaa.2000.7042R. Pant and R. Shukla, Approximating fixed points of generalized α-nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces, Numer. Funct. Anal. Optim. 38, no. 2 (2017), 248-266. https://doi.org/10.1080/01630563.2016.1276075S. Reich and I. Shafrir, Nonexpansive iterations in hyperbolic spaces, Nonlinear Anal. 15 (1990), no. 6, 537-558. https://doi.org/10.1016/0362-546x(90)90058-oRitika and S. H. 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Postolache, A new iterative scheme for numerical reckoning fixed points of Suzuki's generalized nonexpansive mappings, Appl. Math. Comput. 275 (2016), 147-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2015.11.06

CR-LIGHTLIKE SUBMANIFOLDS OF INDEFINITE PARA- SASAKIAN MANIFOLD

The purpose of this paper is to study a totally contact umbilical contact CR-lightlike submanifolds of an indefinite para-Sasakian manifold. In this paper, we prove that a totally contact umbilical CR-lightlike submanifold is totally contact geodesic. Further, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for a CR-lightlike submanifold to be anti-invariant submanifold. Finally, we obtain the integrability condition of distributions and also characterize a contact CR-lightlike submanifold of indefinite para-Sasakian manifold to be a contact CR-lightlike product

Knowledge, attitude, and practice study among healthcare workers, during COVID-19 pandemic in an aspiring district of Uttar Pradesh

Background: COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) declared pandemic by WHO on 30th January 2020. Till date there is no antiviral treatment or vaccine has been developed for COVID-19. Primary preventive measures include regular hand washing, social distancing and respiratory etiquettes are only proven methods till date.Methods: A type of questionnaire based cross sectional study was conducted among the healthcare workers (HCWs) of Maharaja Suheldev Autonomous State Medical College, Bahraich.Results: In this predominantly uneducated and socially backward area, majority of participants had knowledge about COVID-19 precautionary measures and most of them are confident of winning over the disease; 77.5% were confident of successfully controlling the disease, yet maximum healthcare workers took seriously the precautionary measures.Conclusions: Good COVID-19 knowledge is associated with optimistic attitudes and appropriate practices towards COVID-19, suggesting that health education programs aimed at improving COVID-19 knowledge are helpful for encouraging an optimistic attitude and maintaining safe practices

Less to lose? Drought impact and vulnerability assessment in disadvantaged regions

Droughts hit the most vulnerable people the hardest. When this happens, everybody in the economy loses over the medium- to long-term. Proactive policies and planning based on vulnerability and risk assessments can reduce drought risk before the worst impacts occur. The aim of this article is to inform a global initiative, led by the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), to mitigate the effects of drought on vulnerable ecosystems and communities. This is approached through a rapid review of experiences from selected nations and of the available literature documenting methodological approaches to assess drought impacts and vulnerability at the local level. The review finds that members of the most vulnerable communities can integrate available methods to assess drought risks to their land and ecosystem productivity, their livelihoods and their life-supporting hydrological systems. This integration of approaches helps to ensure inclusive assessments across communities and ecosystems. However, global economic assessments often still fail to connect to holistic consideration of vulnerability at a local scale. As a result, they routinely fall short of capturing the systemic effects of land and water management decisions that deepen vulnerability to droughts over time. To ensure proactive and inclusive drought risk mitigation, multiscale, systemic approaches to drought vulnerability and risk assessment can be further reinforced at a global level