Quantitative genetic tools for brood stock improvement

Success in aquaculture and fisheries management depends on viable concept, sound management and animals with high genetic potential. In farm animals and plants application of genetic principles and genetiC tools lead to increased production in accordance with the demands of the nation. Breeding programmes like selective breeding and cross breeding played an important role in increased productivity, domestication and survival rate. Genetics in fisheries is relatively ne

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Ornamental fish - prospects for culture

In 1978 work was initiated to culture the -blood clam Anadara granosa in the Bay. A 100 m2 area was selected, an elderly clam fisherman from the village was entrusted with the watch and ward. Wide publicity was given in the village to create awareness. In the evening, the site was fenced with dry palmyra leaves (to serve as pen enclosure). Nylon netting was not preferred due to possible poachin

Marine Fisheries of Andhra Pradesh-An Appraisal

Andhra Pradesh with a long coastline of 974 km and a continental shelf area of 33,227 km2 is spread over nine districts (Fig.1) and supports a rich fishery constituted by several groups of fishes, crustaceans, molluscs and other marine organisms. In the marine fisheries sector, Andhra Pradesh has always been known for its healthy fishing grounds, diverse resources, variety of crafts and gears, high entrepreneurship and adaptability to new technologies in exploiting the available resources and the sector contributes significantly to the employment generation in the state

Selective Breeding and Development of Disease Resistant Broodstock of Black Tiger Shrimp Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798

The Indian tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon is the principal species being cultured. Of late hatchery sector is being dependent on wild gravid females due to non response of broodstock to eyestalk ablation. High cost of gravid females compelling the grow-out sector to stock pathogen carrier seeds. Hence domestication of tiger shrimp is essential to produce Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) broodstock / Disease Resistant (DR) broodstock. Merits and demerits of SPF versus DR broodstock are presented. Development of SPF broodstock involves stringent management of environment to arrest the entry of pathogens and more than one economic trait can be selected. Whereas in development of DR broodstockanimals are challenged with the pathogen and a selection of other economic traits are less possible. Resistance in shrimp exists at the species level as well as individual level. Experiment on domestication of P. monodon in which programme was advanced up to F3 generation has revealed the existence of resistance for WSSV at the individual level. Selective breeding programme for development of D R broodstock involves development of disease free base population, forming them into families, production of F1 generation family wise through inbreeding, challenging each family with WSSV at 3-5 g size and rearing survived individuals up to 100 g size, production of F2 generation by random inter crossing between families, advancing the programme up to F5 generation. Development of DR broodstock is imperative to ensure sustainable shrimp productio

Genetic variation and genetic diversity in chicken populations using microsatellite assay

Microsatellites are one of the recent markers widely used in gene marker studies, as they are abundant, co-~ominant, highly polymorphic and dispersed throughout the genome. Microsatellites are identified as reliable markers in chicken.(Romanov and Weigend 2001). Birds (212) representing 8 populations were utilized in the present study. Blood samples were collected from the Wbite Leghorn layer parent strains (WLH-IWD and WLHIWF) from AICRP on Poultry Breeding, Rajendranagar, the Babcock and the Vencobb commercial birds maintained at the Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary Science, Hyderabad, the Aseel from the backyards of farmers of West Godavari and Srikakukam districts and non-descript (desi) birds from adjoining areas of Rajendranagar. Three di-nucleotide microsatellite markers chosen randomly from the list recommended by the FAO (Cheng et al. 1995) and mapped either in Compton or East Lansing reference populations were genotyped. Blood samples (0.5-2.0 mVbird) were coUected into the vacutainers containing EDTA (5.4 mg) from the wing vein

Identification of the Bacterial Community in the Gut of Millipedes

Ecosystem engineers influence the structure and function of soil food webs through non-trophic interactions. The activity of large soil dwellers, such as earthworms, has a significant impact on the soil microarthropod community. However, the influence of millipedes on soil microarthropod communities remains largely unknown. Bacterial strains from the gut of two different millipedes, Arthospheara magna and Alacobolus newtoni, were isolated. After culturing on the described media, the bacterial isolates were identified through phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular analysis. Six bacteria were isolated, and molecular analysis revealed that nucleotide sequence similarity was seen with Salmonella bongo, Erwinia papaya, Citrobacter portucalensis, C. freundii, Heyndrickxia oleronia, and Klebsiella oxytoca. It is confirmed by the sequence similarity search BLAST tool. These isolates might play an important role to increasing the quality and fertility of the soil

Immunohistochemical evaluation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast carcinoma in Jordan

INTRODUCTION: Although breast carcinoma (BC) is the most common malignancy affecting Jordanian females and the affected population in Jordan is younger than that in the West, no information is available on its biological characteristics. Our aims in this study are to evaluate the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) and Her-2/neu overexpression in BC in Jordan, and to compare the expression of these with other prognostic parameters for BC such as histological type, histological grade, tumor size, patients' age, and number of lymph node metastases. METHOD: This is a retrospective study conducted in the Department of Pathology at Jordan University of Science and Technology. A confirmed 91 cases of BC diagnosed in the period 1995 to 1998 were reviewed and graded. We used immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expression of ER, PR, and Her-2. Immunohistochemical findings were correlated with age, tumor size, grade and axillary lymph node status. RESULTS: Her-2 was overexpressed in 24% of the cases. The mean age of Her-2 positive cases was 42 years as opposed to 53 years among Her-2 negative cases (p = 0.0001). Her-2 expression was inversely related to ER and PR expression. Her-2 positive tumors tended to be larger than Her-2 negative tumors with 35% overexpression among T3 tumors as opposed to 22% among T2 tumors (p = 0.13). Her-2 positive cases tended to have higher rates of axillary metastases, but this did not reach statistical significance. ER and PR positive cases were seen in older patients with smaller tumor sizes. CONCLUSION: Her-2 overexpression was seen in 24% of BC affecting Jordanian females. Her-2 overexpression was associated with young age at presentation, larger tumor size, and was inversely related to ER and PR expression. One-fifth of the carcinomas were Her-2 positive and ER negative. This group appears to represent an aggressive form of BC presenting at a young age with large primary tumors and a high rate of four or more axillary lymph node metastases

Fishery and some aspects of population dynamics of goatfish Upeneus vittatus (Forskal) off Visakhapatnam

The average annual estimated catch of goatfishes at Visakhapatnam was 1,511 t during1997-03, which formed 7.4 % of the total landings of small-mechanized units including small trawlers and Sona boats. Upeneus vittatus was the dominant species. The fish attained maturity at 138 mm length. The spawning period extended from July to October. The growth parameters of this species were L _ = 245 mm, K = 0.67 yr-' and to = - 0.146. The mortality rates Z, F and M were 5.49,4.06 and 1.43, respectively. The exploitation rate is estimated to be 0.74, indicating overexploitation of the stock