Inferring User Language To Recommend And Present Media Content In That Language

Systems and techniques are proposed to infer the language a user has affinity with and to recommend and present media content in that language. The language may be inferred based on the user’s language use in services such as, for example, a search engine, a TV streaming device, a smart TV, and other similar services. The language also may be inferred based on the language of the region a user accesses content from. The inferred language is used to recommend and present media content in the inferred language. For example, the inferred language is used to recommend and present media content in that language on a TV streaming device or a smart TV. The inferred language also may be used to dub media content into that language at runtime on the TV streaming device or the smart TV. Additionally, the inferred language may be used to generate subtitles in that language or to translate existing subtitles into that language for media content on the TV streaming device or the smart TV

Association of homocysteine and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T) gene polymorphism with coronary artery disease (CAD) in the population of North India

The implications of the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene and the level of homocysteine in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) have been extensively studied in various ethnic groups. Our aim was to discover the association of MTHFR (C677T) polymorphism and homocysteine level with CAD in north Indian subjects. The study group consisted of 329 angiographically proven CAD patients, and 331 age and sex matched healthy individuals as controls. MTHFR (C677T) gene polymorphism was detected based on the polymerase chain reaction and restriction digestion with HinfI. Total homocysteine plasma concentration was measured using immunoassay. T allele frequency was found to be significantly higher in patients than in the control group. We found significantly elevated levels of mean homocysteine in the patient group when compared to the control group (p = 0.00). Traditional risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, smoking habits, a positive family history and lipid profiles (triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol), were found significantly associated through univariate analysis. Furthermore, multivariable logistics regression analysis revealed that CAD is significantly and variably associated with diabetes, hypertension, smoking, triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol. Our findings showed that MTHFR C677T polymorphism and homocysteine levels were associated with coronary artery disease in the selected population

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis detection and characterization of mutations in mycobacterium tuberculosis by genotype MTBDRplus

Detection of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by conventional phenotypic drug susceptibility testing methods requires several weeks. Therefore, molecular diagnostic tests for rapid detection of multidrug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are urgently needed. Early diagnosis helps in initiating optimal treatment which would not only enable cure of an individual patient but also will curb the transmission of drug resistance in the community. Line probe assay (LPA) has shown great promises in the diagnosis of MDR-TB. All MDR suspect patients from ten-linked districts were asked to deposit sputum samples at peripheral designated microscopy centers. The district TB officers facilitated the transport of samples collected during February 2014–December 2014 to our laboratory. The detection of rpoB gene mutations for rifampicin (RIF) and katG and inhA genes for isoniazid (INH), respectively, was performed on 663 samples by LPA. A total of 663 sputum samples from MDR suspects were received of which 321 (50.8%) were found to be MDR. Missing of WT8 along with mutation in codon S531 L was the most common pattern for RIF-resistant isolates (80.8%) and missing WT along with mutation in codon S315T1 of k atG gene was the most common pattern for INH-resistant isolates (91.3%).The MDR-TB in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India, was found to be 50.8%. The common mutations obtained for RIF and INH in the region was mostly similar to those reported earlier

Spectrum of acute kidney injury in intensive care unit: a single centre experience

&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB"&gt;Background&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; Acute kidney injury (AKI) in the intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with high mortality. A thorough understanding of the clinical spectrum of the disease is needed in order to device methods to improve the final outcome due to this problem. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB"&gt;Aims and Objectives:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; The aim of present study was to analyze the clinical spectrum, causes, risk and prognostic factors and final outcome of AKI in the setting of ICU. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB"&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; This prospective study involved patients admitted to ICU during the period between June 09 to June 10. Patients who developed AKI during the ICU stay were included in the study. The clinical and laboratory data were collected at admission and then on daily basis. Data recorded includes patients demographic profile, underlying clinical illness responsible for ICU admission, dialysis requirement, need for ventilation, total duration of ICU stay, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE)-IV score and final outcome and these data were analyzed for predicting survival using univariate and multivariate analysis. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB"&gt;Results:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; 574 patients were admitted to ICU from June 09 to June 10 and (n = 124; 21.6%) patients developed AKI after admission to ICU. Mean age 44.87 ± 15.14 years and (n = 71; 57.1%) were males and (n = 53; 42.9%) were females. Out of 124 patients (50.80%; n = 63) had medical, (33.87% n = 42) had surgical and (15.32%; n = 19) had obstetric cause of admission in ICU. Of the 574 patients (12.02%; n = 69) had associated co morbidities, hypertension is the most common associated morbidities (4.7%; n = 27), others were diabetes mellitus (3.6%; n = 21), coronary artery disease (3.0%; n = 17), cerebrovascular disease (0.3%; n = 2), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (0.3%; n = 2;). The etiology of AKI was multi-factorial, sepsis were the most common cause observed in (69.64%; n = 39), hypotension (67.84%; n = 38), volume depletion (19.64%; n = 11), nephrotoxic drugs (64.28%; n = 36) patients. Multi organ system failure (MOSF) was noted in (29.03%; n = 36) patients. MOSF and sepsis were found to be significant adverse prognostic factors when multiple logistic regression analysis was done. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB"&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;AKI was seen in 21.6% of cases in our ICU and associated with poor prognosis. Presence of sepsis, MOSF, higher APACHE IV scores and ventilation requirement were correlated with higher mortality in AKI patients in ICU. Early recognisition and intervention improves the outcome.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</jats:p

Mutation in MPT64 gene influencing diagnostic accuracy of SD Bioline assay (capilia)

Abstract Background Success of India’s TB control program relies on rapid case detection, monitoring, care and treatment of drug resistance. Patients on multidrug resistance (MDR) treatment are monitored by follow up cultures. Discordant results (culture and smear positive while capilia negative) are usually declared negative Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). This study was designed to understand the possible causes of discordant results. Methods The capilia kit was evaluated to test its utility among 4737 follow up MDR patients enrolled during a period of 1 year. A total of 889 were liquid culture positive, 3375 were negative and 473 were contaminated. Of the 889 cultures positive, 829 were found positive by ZN smear, capilia test and MTBDR plus assay. The cultures which gave a positive result on Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube 960 (MGIT 960) and ZN smear but were negative on capilia test with no growth on Brain Heart Infusion agar (BHI) were included in this study. The conflicting results of capilia were compared with other molecular techniques; MTBDR plus assay and DNA sequence analysis of MPT64 gene. Results Out of 889 culture positive, 60 (6.7%) were found positive on liquid culture and ZN smear but were negative on capilia. Of these 60 cultures, 10 (16.7%) were found positive by both MTBDR plus assay and PCR. The sequencing analysis revealed that all of the capilia negative isolates had mutations within the MPT64 gene. Conclusion Re-evaluation of culture positive but capilia negative isolates should be done before declaring them as Mycobacterium other than tuberculosis (MOTT) because such cases can act as chronic carriers of TB in the population which can lead to the rise of this lethal disease. </jats:sec

Detection of clinically important non tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) from pulmonary samples through one-step multiplex PCR assay

Abstract Background The burden of non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease is increasing worldwide but still its diagnosis is delayed and it is mistaken as multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB).The present study was performed to develop a multiplex PCR assay for detection and identification of clinically most common NTM to the species level from pulmonary samples. Results Out of 50 isolates, 26 were identified as Mycobacterium kansasii (MK), 20 were identified as Mycobacterium abscessus (MA) and 4 were identified as Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) through multiplex PCR and further confirmed by sequencing. Conclusion Our study showed that multiplex PCR assay is a simple, convenient, and reliable technique for detection and differential identification of major NTM species. </jats:sec