Organic production of strawberries

Organic fruit and vegetable growing is increasing world-wide, but knowledge concerning best practice is generally empirical rather than field-based. This thesis extends knowledge concerning best practice in Swedish organic strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa (Duch)) production, which is usually based on a two-year crop. A series of four field experiments were conducted at Rånna Experimental Station (58°27’N, 13°51’E) on the strawberry cultivars ‘Honeoye’, ‘Cavendish’ and ‘Korona’. Specific objectives were to investigate: the effects of different organic fertilisers combined with degradable plastic mulch on plant establishment, yield and nitrogen mineralisation in soil; the efficiency of biological pest control using a predatory mite against strawberry mites (Phytonemus pallidus); innate within-field dispersal capacity of strawberry mite; the effects of pyrethrum combined with fleece covering on damage by strawberry blossom weevil (Anthonomus rubi). Plant establishment measured as fruit yield was improved by 60% when degradable plastic mulch was used, probably through more flowers being initiated. Additional applications of organic fertiliser during the cropping period had little effect on yield. Biological control using the predatory mite Neoseiulus cucumeris reduced strawberry mite populations by up to 50% but there was no increase in yield. It was difficult to draw clear conclusions from the strawberry mite dispersal pilot study, but mites tended to move more easily along planted rows than between rows. Pyrethrum alone had no visible effect on flower bud damage by strawberry blossom weevil but when combined with fleece covering it reduced the number of ‘Honeoye’ buds damaged by weevils by approximately 10%. This was followed by a corresponding increase in cultivar yield. Similar effects were not recorded in the other cultivar examined. The study identified the following practical consequences for organic strawberry production: • Choice of pest-resistant cultivars is extremely important for success. • Use of clean plants and an efficient predatory species is essential in controlling mite infestations. • Use of degradable plastic mulching is recommended. • Fleece covering is recommended for protecting some cultivars against strawberry blossom weevils. • Only an initial starter fertilisation is required. • Use of pyrethrum is not recommended

Focus on the proposal

Th is thesis is about how to create communicative images. It is mainly for landscape architects. With communicative images, I mean images created with the purpose to communicate a proposal or idea in a direct way to. By only looking at the image, the viewer should get an idea of what the proposal entails. A communicative image should also create an interest in the proposal. I have chosen to write about this topic because it is a big part of a landscape architects profession and there are many diff erent aspects to consider. As a landscape architect create images as part of a context, and in order to communicate or develop an idea. The pictures should show an imaginary future and is an image of what a place is expected to become. It diff ers in this way, for example from an artist or a photographer's work, where the image itself is oft en the fi nal product. Landscape architect thus has diff erent requirements on what their images communicate. The purpose of this thesis is to fi nd the tools to present proposals and ideas through images. To achieve the purpose, I have formulated two questions: • What is the purpose of a visual presentation of a design proposal in landscape architecture? • What is important to keep in mind when you want to create a communicative picture? The thesis is based on literature studies, interviews and analysis of architects’ images. The literature studies and interviews gave me a background to what is important to think about when you present a proposal using images. It also gave me knowledge and how to make the work of create images eff ectively. I then summarized this background with a list of items to take into consideration when creating images. To develop and customize the items to suit a landscape architects work with images, I used them for the analysis of images, taken from presentations of architect competitions in landscaping. Th e images are fetched from completed competitions published at Swedish architects website. Th e choice of images was based on whether the communicative image from the contest presentation caught my interest or not. Aft er the analysis, I came up with six tools that can be used to present proposals and ideas with the help of images. To investigate how the tools work in practice, I use them as help in the creation of my own perspective. I used a proposal I made earlier in the program. I created several communicative image of this proposal and examined thus diff erent ways to interpret the tools. Th e tools I came up with are the following: • Focus on the proposal - Let the proposal help to guide the design of the image by always having the proposal in focus. It is also important to understand the context in which the image is created, where the target audience, stage and type of projects are important aspects to consider. • Space for imagination - Decide how much space the viewer should to have to fi ll in with their own imagination. In a perspective where everything is exactly reproduced and anchored and where details and folklore are carefully plotted, it is diffi cult to add your own associations. A perspective with much empty space or details that are diffi cult to interpret, it can be easy to fi ll in with their own imagination, but diffi cult to understand what its author intended. • Viewing angle - Select a viewing angel that display the proposal and highlights it in a positive way. Show parts that are important for the proposal and select the angle based on how much you wish shown in the image. A bird's eye view gives such a large scale, with less opportunity to detail. • Dynamics and balance - Place deliberately out various details with the desired direction, to thereby create dynamic or harmonic images. Images with even large areas give a balanced perspective. Th e selected angle can also aff ect the image dynamics and balance. Given directions can then be reinforced or counteracted by the addition of details and movement. • Contrasts and color - Use contrasts and colors to create eff ects and highlight desired objects. It provides a perspective that draws attention. • Details and scale fi gures- Th ink about how to use details. An image with too much information and details can appear cluttered and is easily misinterpreted. Remove anything that takes the focus off what is to be communicated and select the details that fi ll a purpose in the image. Scale Figures in the form of people facilitates the understanding of the image, the features on the site and create atmosphere

Politiets arbeid med og mot 1 % MC-klubber i Norge : en teoretisk oppgave

Bachelor i politiutdannin

Integrative Medicine and Palliative Care

Overall Goals and Objectives: Identify recent advances in integrative medical care and discuss their application to clinical practice. Describe the latest data on complementary and alternative medical therapies that could improve patient outcomes. Discuss core integrative medicine topics that patients frequently ask physicians about. Presentation: 16 minute

Matematikundervisningens organisation - En studie av lärares val av ansats.

Arbetets art: Lärarprogrammet, examensarbete 10 poäng Antal sidor: 41 Titel: Matematikundervisningens organisation - En studie av lärares val av ansats. Författare: Gerd Bäckström, Rakel Palmquist Handledare: Per-Olof Bentley Examinator: Thomas Lingefjärd Rapportnummer: HT05-2611-097 Nyckelord: matematik, differentiering, undervisningsansats, nivågruppering, läroplaner Bakgrund Allt för många elever lämnar den svenska grundskolan utan att uppnått kriterierna för godkänt i matematik. Frågan är vad skolan kan göra för att minska detta problem. Forskning har visat att skickliga lärare har god förmåga att använda sig av många olika undervisningssätt och därigenom anpassa undervisningen efter den aktuella elevgruppen. Hur kan dessa undervisningssätt se ut och på vilket sätt påverkar de förutsättningarna för lärandet i olika ämnen? I all pedagogisk verksamhet finns det en mängd faktorer som påverkar hur undervisningsprocessen kommer att se ut och hur resultatet kommer att bli. På vilket sätt dessa ramar påverkar beror på hur de uppfattas av lärarna. Vi har därför intresserat oss för vilka undervisningssätt lärare använder sig av och vad de själva anser ha påverkat valet av just detta sätt. Syfte Syftet med vårt examensarbete var att undersöka vilka undervisningsansatser lärare i år fyra till nio väljer att använda i ämnet matematik, samt lyfta fram orsakerna till deras val av ansats. Metod Studien genomfördes med hjälp av en enkätundersökning som riktade sig till lärare som undervisar i matematik i år 4-9. Vi har använt oss av både kvalitativ och kvantitativ metod. Analys, bearbetning och tolkning av vår datainsamling skedde kvalitativt, det vill säga sambanden mellan olika faktorer studerades och tolkades. Däremot var datainsamlingen kvantitativ, eftersom en enkätundersökning kan ses som ett relativt objektivt mätinstrument av det som studeras. Resultat I studien har det visat sig att lärare använder sig av en mångfald av sätt att undervisa. De flesta lärarna i undersökningen anser sig ha reflekterat mycket över sitt val av ansats och det verkar som att de har mycket stor tilltro till sin egen undervisning. Vårt resultat visar vidare att lärarna är positivt inställda till vad de tror sig kunna uppnå genom sitt sätt att organisera undervisningen. Deras ålder, antalet verksamma år och grad av matematisk utbildning är faktorer som tycks påverka vilken ansats som används. Läroplanerna verkar också ha en viss påverkan på valet av ansats. Vad som är ännu mer intressant i relation till läroplanerna är hur valet av grupperingar påverkas av dessa. Det visar sig att 30 procent av de lärare som endast har undervisat utifrån Lpo 94, använder sig av nivågruppering. Med utgångspunkt i vår studie anser vi att det finns anledning att presentera olika undervisningsansatser i utbildningen för matematiklärare. Själva tror vi att kunskaper kring olika sätt att undervisa kan vara till god hjälp i vår framtida yrkesverksamhet

Copy approval – a clash of journalism and citizen ethics between Sweden and Britain?

”The story took a year to work out. It was never told before, less so published. The subject was sensitive and the people interviewed were vulnerable, so I had to compromise a little.” What compromising did Sarah Morrison, then a journalist at The Independent have to do? What ethical short-cut did this morally-motivated reporter (who now works for Global Witness, a human rights NGO) have to take to secure the first every feature length story ever told in British mainstream media about intersex women? Actually, very little, from my point of view

Sykurlausn í munn við verkjum hjá fyrirburum og fullburða nýburum

Neðst á síðunni er að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/OpenVeikir nýburar verða fyrir mjög mörgum smávægilegum en sársaukafullum inngripum meðan á dvöl þeirra á nýburagjörgæslu stendur. Verkjameðferð vegna flessara inngripa er enn ekki stunduð á nýburagjörgæsludeildum að neinu ráði. Markmið þessarar samantektar var að skoða hvort sykurlausn í munn við verkjum hjá fullburða börnum og fyrirburum væri hættulaus, auðframkvæmanleg og árangursrík aðgerð til að lina verki vegna smávægilegra inngripa. Rannsóknir síðustu ára á aðferðinni voru flokkaðar og efnislegir þættir þeirra greindir. Við lestur á rannsóknunum og samantekt á niðurstöðum þeirra má sjá að 0,012-0,12g súkrósagjöf í munn 2 mínútum fyrir hælstungu og stungu í æð minnkar marktækt verki hjá fullburum og fyrirburum. Niðurstöður rannsóknanna benda til þess að um miðlæg og langtíma áhrif á taugakerfið sé að ræða en ekki eingöngu stöðvun verkjaboða af hálfu innbyggða ópíóðakerfisins vegna áhrifa súkrósa á bragðskyn áður en sársaukinn er skynjaður. Þær rannsóknir, sem til eru, benda ekki til neinna aukaverkana af gjöf á sykurlausn í munn. Þó hefur verið bent á að taka Þurfi mið af hugsanlegu frúktósaófloli og hárri osmósufléttni lausnarinnar og gera frekari rannsóknir á áhrifum Þess á börn sem fæðast löngu fyrir tímann. Af niðurstöðum má draga Þá ályktun að til boða standi nýir möguleikar við verkjameðferð nýbura sem verða fyrir smávægilegum inngripum eins og blóðtöku með hælstungu, nálaruppsetningu, mænuholsástungu, flvagástungu, brjóstholsástungu, uppsetningu barkarennu og fleira. Frekari rannsókna er þó þörf til að staðfesta gagnsemi sykurlausnar í munn við að lina sársauka við fjölbreyttar aðstæður og meðal ýmissa aldurshópa n‡- bura. Auk þess þarf að laga gjöfina að flörfum, s.s. styrk lausnarinnar sem gefa á. Aðferðin lofar þó í heild góðu við meðferð verkja hjá nýburum bæði með tilliti til áhættu og árangurs

Materials used for fixed and removable dental prosthesis on implants in Iceland

Efst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinnTilgangur: Markmið rannsóknarinnar var að kanna hvaða efni eru oftast notuð við gerð tannplantafastra og tannplantastuddra tanngerva á Íslandi út frá sjónarhorni tannsmiða og hindranir og vandamál sem tannsmiðir hér á landi þurfa að takast á við. Undirmarkmið var að kanna mögulegar lausnir við þeim vandamálum. Efniviður og aðferðir: Megindleg aðferðafræði var notuð og rafrænn spurningalisti sem innihélt tuttugu spurningar send félögum í Tannsmiðafélagi Íslands. Forritið SurveyMonkey var notað til að halda utan um könnunina og Microsoft Excel við gagnaúrvinnslu. Lýsandi tölfræði var notuð í útreikningum og túlkun niðurstaðna. Niðurstöður: Svarhlutfall var 32,5% (n = 27), 25,9% karlar (n = 7) og 74,1% konur (n = 20). Flestir þátttakendur voru á aldrinum 40 - 49 ára (40,7%, n = 11). Algengasti starfsaldur þátttakenda var 30 ár eða lengri (22,2%, n = 6). Meirihluti þátttakenda var sjálfstætt starfandi (60,9%, n = 14). Óalgengt var að tannsmiðir fengju beiðni um gerð stýriskinnu frá tannlækni. Algengast var að tannsmiðir og tannlæknar tækju ákvarðanir í sameiningu varðandi hönnun á krónu- eða brúarsmíði og við hönnun ásetugóma á tannplanta. Algengara var að krónur og tannplantabrýr væru skrúfaðar en límdar. Algengast var að nota CAD/CAM titanium stoðliði. Zirconium var mest notaða efnið við gerð á krónum og brúm bæði á framtanna- og jaxlasvæði. Locator kerfið var algengasta festingakerfið fyrir ásetugóma á tannplanta (85,7%, n = 18). Allir þátttakendur nema þrír höfðu glímt við vandamál við hönnun króna og brúa á tannplanta. Helsta vandamálið var óæskileg staðsetning eða afstaða tannplanta í tannboganum. Óalgengt var að postulínskrónur og brýr kæmu til viðgerðar vegna þess að kvarnast hefði úr postulíni. Þörf er á betri skipulagningu verkefna og aukinni notkun stýriskinna. Ályktun: Mikilvægt er að bæta skipulagningu til að ná bestu mögulegu útkomu fyrir sjúklingaObjective: The purpose of this study was to examine the current status of implant fixed prosthesis and implant supported removable prosthesis in Iceland from a dental technician’s standpoint. To examine which trends are leading in the dental technology field, which materials are being used, what obstacles and problems are being faced by dental technicians in Iceland and possible solutions. Material and methods: Quantitative methodology was the approach taken when collecting data for this research. E-mail was sent to participants of the study with a link to the software Survey Monkey containing questionnaire with 20 questions. Microsoft Excel was used to analyse the results and to use descriptive statistics. Results: The response rate was 32.5% (n = 27), 25.9% were males (n = 7) and 74.1% were females (n = 20). The most common age range among the participants was 40-49 years (40.7%, n = 11). The most frequent employment age was more than 30 years (22.2%, n = 6). A vast majority of the participants was self-employed (60.9%, n = 14). It was very uncommon for dental technicians to get a request from a dentist to make a surgical template for the placement of a dental implants. In most cases the dentist and dental technician made a common plan and design on crown- and bridgework. The same applied for implant overdentures (IODs). In most cases implant prostheses were screw retained, rather than cement retained. The most common abutment type used was CAD/CAM titanium abutments and zirconium was the most common material in use when making crowns and bridges, both in the anterior and posterior regions. The Locator attachment system was the one most frequently used when making implant overdentures (85.7%, n = 18). All participants except three had dealt with problems when designing and making implant fixed crown and bridges. The most common problem was the location and/or the orientation of the implant. Chipping of the ceramic was not very common for implant fixed ceramic crown or bridges. When asked what could be done to prevent problems faced by dental technicians in Iceland, the most common answer was the need of a better planning and to increase use of dental implant surgical templates. Conclusion: It is imperative to plan cases in more depth than has been done until now to ensure the best service possible to the patient

Ambos lados: deconstructing identity, performing memory

Project Barca’s central research question – how can embodied personal and collective memories be shaped into new architectures of identityand belonging in the form of innovative performance works that speak to wider sections of society? – has so far generated a number of mixed-media performance outcomes in its two research locations; Barcelona, Catalonia, and Vancouver, Canada. Some major works are the video essay Encounters 3; Barca-El otro lado – a performance work that utilizes dancers, actors, musicians and media designers resident in Barcelona, Spain; Here be dragons – a work staged exclusively with performers in Vancouver, Canada; and Here be dragons/Non plus ultra (HBD/NPU) - which brings together separate casts from both cities.HBD/NPU was premiered in Vancouver on January 10th 2013 at the Fei and Milton Wong Experimental Theatre, Goldcorp Centre for the Arts. All three stage works draw generously from the performers personal stories to articulate the research objectives. This paper addresses the ‘re-routing’ thematic of the Barcelona 2013 conference by problematizing the phrase ‘going west to find east/going east to find west’, a direct reference to Christopher Columbus’ 1492 voyage across the Atlantic.It also uses Performance Studies and PaR as navigational constructs in a parallel voyage of exploration and discovery. We present here an abridged version of the mixed-mode paper created for the Performance as Research Workin

Potilaan hyvä vastaanottotilanne aikuispsykiatrisella kuntouttavalla osastolla : Hoitohenkilökunnan näkökulmia

Opinnäytetyö tehtiin yhteistyössä erään suomalaisen sairaanhoitopiirin kanssa. Opinnäytetyö on osa sairaanhoitopiirin laajempaa psykiatrisen hoidon kehittämishanketta. Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli kerätä ja jäsentää sairaalan hoitohenkilöstöllä olevaa tietoa psykiatrisen potilaan vastaanottotilanteesta. Tavoitteena oli saada tietoa psykiatrisen potilaan vastaanottotilanteen käytännöistä sairaanhoitopiirin kehittämishankkeelle ja sairaalan työntekijöille. Tutkimuskysymyksenä oli: ”Millainen on psykiatriselle osastolle tulevan potilaan hyvä vastaanottotilanne hoitajien kokemana?” Kohderyhmänä olivat kuntouttavan aikuispsykiatrisen sairaalan hoitotyöntekijät. Tiedonkeruu tapahtui marraskuussa 2013 sairaalassa järjestetyssä kaksituntisessa fokusryhmäkeskustelussa. Fokusryhmään osallistui kahdelta eri osastolta kymmenen vapaaehtoista hoitajaa, joiden työkokemus psykiatrisesta hoitotyöstä oli noin vuodesta 25 vuoteen. Aineisto muodostui fokusryhmätilanteen vetäjän, kirjaajan ja hoitajien tekemistä muistiinpanoista. Analyysimenetelmänä oli teoriaohjaava sisällönanalyysi. Tulosten mukaan potilaan hyvä vastaanottotilanne on potilaslähtöinen. Hyvässä vastaanottotilanteessa korostuvat suunnitelmallisuus ja hoitotyön ammattiosaaminen. Johtopäätöksinä vastaanottotilanteen merkittävimmät kehittämiskohteet hoitajien näkökulmasta ovat yhteiset käytännöt omahoitajien nimeämisessä, sekä lähettävän ja vastaanottavan osaston välinen viestintä.The study was assigned by a Finnish hospital district. The study was a part of the hospital district’s development project in psychiatric care. The purpose of the study was to collect and analyze information from the nursing staff of a hospital about the reception of a psychiatric patient. The aim of the study was to provide information about the practices in the reception of a psychiatric patient for the development project and for the hospital’s employees. The main research question was: “According to the nursing staff, what is included in a good reception of a patient to a psychiatric ward?” The target group of the study was the nursing staff of an adult psychiatric rehabilitation hospital. The data collection took place in the hospital in a two-hour focus group discussion with the nursing staff in November 2013. The focus group was participated by a total of 10 volunteering nurses whose work experience ranged from one to twenty-five years. The data for the study consisted of the notes made in the focus group session by the leader of the session, by the authors of this study as well as by the participating nurses. The method of analysis was theory based content analysis. According to the results of the study, good reception is patient-centered. The main characteristics of a good reception are good planning and the professional skills of the nursing staff. The main areas in the reception that required improvement were: creating common practices for designating a nurse for a new patient and improving the communication between the staff of the two wards responsible for the care of the patients