Mães de Umbigo: Histórias das parteiras do Amapá

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Jornalismo.Este trabalho de conclusão de curso é um documentário em vídeo que contará a história das mulheres parteiras tradicionais do Amapá, a partir de suas experiências sobre o parto humanizado, o tratamento da mulher e da criança. Com o objetivo de investigar os saberes e as práticas das parteiras e a forma específica de conviver com a natureza, frente às mudanças tecnológicas impostas sobre a técnica tradicional de partejar, além de mostrar que as experiências vividas pelas parteiras são uma forma de preservação dos valores culturais de seus antepassados. Em segundo plano, o documentário também abordará a inserção das parteiras nas políticas públicas - a partir do projeto Parteiras Tradicionais do Amapá - e a sua relação com os centros de saúde, os hospitais, secretarias municipais de saúde etc

Carotenoides Pro-vitamina A em frutos de bananeira.

Os tipos de carotenóides variam muito nas frutas, sendo que aproximadamente 50 carotenóides possuem atividade pró-vitamina A. Dentre esses o β-caroteno é o mais importante e abundante em alimentos, seguido do α-caroteno e β-criptoxantina, os quais possuem a metade da atividade de vitamina A, comparativamente ao primeiro caroteno. Outros carotenóides não pró-vitamina A, porém com efeitos relevantes à saúde humana (e.g., antioxidante, antitumoral e inibidores da degeneração macular), também ocorrem em alimentos (luteína, zeaxantina e licopeno, por exemplo - RODRIGUEZ-AMAYA, 2001) e sua identificação em frutos de bananeira é considerado relevante. A banana destaca-se pelo seu alto potencial como alimento funcional, devido a seu alto consumo, principalmente em países subdesenvolvidos

Effects of agar on explant growth and callus formation in color morphs of Gracilaria domingensis (Kützing) Sonder ex Dickie (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta)

Os efeitos da concentração de ágar no crescimento de explantes e na formação de calos foram avaliados em culturas axênicas de gametófitos femininos de morfos de coloração verde e vermelha de Gracilaria domingensis (Kützing) Sonder ex Dickie. Culturas unialgáceas foram mantidas em água do mar esterilizada (30-32 ups) enriquecida com 25% da solução de von Stosch (VSES 25%), 22 ± 2 °C, fotoperíodo de 14 h, irradiância de 50-80 µmol de fótons m-2 s-1. Para a obtenção de explantes axênicos, segmentos apicais e intercalares dos dois morfos foram cultivados por 48 h em meio VSES 25% com adição de uma solução antibiótica e antifúngica, e submetidos a uma lavagem com uma solução de água do mar esterilizada com 0,5% de hipoclorito de sódio e 200 µL L-1 de detergente por 20 segundos. Para avaliar os efeitos da concentração de ágar, os segmentos axênicos foram inoculados em meio ASP 12-NTA com concentrações distintas de ágar que variaram de zero a 1%. A adição de ágar no meio inibiu o crescimento dos segmentos apicais de ambos os morfos, bem como o crescimento de segmentos intercalares do morfo verde. Observou-se uma tendência geral no crescimento dos explantes, onde a taxa de crescimento foi inversamente proporcional à concentração de ágar. A adição de ágar no meio induziu a formação de três tipos de calo, denominados conforme a região do explante onde se originaram: calo apical, calo basal e calo intermediário. As concentrações de 0,5% e 0,7% de ágar foram as concentrações ótimas para indução de calos basais e calos intermediários no morfo verde, respectivamente. A presença de ágar foi essencial para a formação de calos intermediários e apicais. Os resultados indicam que o ágar apresenta um papel na regulação dos processos morfogenéticos em morfos pigmentares de G. domingensis.The effects of agar concentrations on growth and callus formation were studied in axenic cultures of female gametophytes of green and red morphs of Gracilaria domingensis (Kützing) Sonder ex Dickie. Unialgal cultures of both color morphs were maintained in sterilized seawater (30-32 psu) enriched with a quarter-strength of von Stosch’s solution (VSES 25%), 22 ± 2 ºC, photoperiod of 14 h, irradiance of 50-80 µmol photons m-2 s-1. To obtain axenic explants, apical and intercalary segments of the green and red morphs were cultured for 48 h in VSES 25% medium with addition of antifungal and antibiotic solution, washed with a solution of sterile seawater with 0.5% of sodium hypochlorite and 200 µL L-1 of detergent during 20 seconds. In order to evaluate the effects of agar, apical and intercalary segments were inoculated into modified ASP 12-NTA synthetic medium with agar concentrations ranging from zero to 1.0%. Addition of agar to the culture medium inhibited the growth of apical segments of both morphs as well as the growth of intercalary segments of green morph. In general, growth rates of thallus segments were inversely proportional to agar concentration. Treatments with agar induced the formation of three types of callus, denominated in accordance with the explant region which gave rise to the callus: apical, basal, and intermediate calluses. Moreover, presence of agar is essential to induce intermediate and apical calluses. Concentrations of 0.5% and 0.7% of agar were the optimal values for the induction of basal and intermediate calluses of greem morph, respectively. The results indicated that agar has a regulatory role on morphogenetical processes in color morphs of G. domingensis

Espectroscopia de infravermelho médio e quimiometria aplicadas a discriminação de acessos de bananeira.

O Brasil é o quinto produtor mundial de banana, tendo produzido aproximadamente 6,9 milhões de toneladas em 2010, em uma área aproximada de 487 mil hectares (FAO, 2012). Entretanto, há poucos cultivares para exploração comercial com potencial agronômico, tolerantes às pragas e doenças e que apresentem frutos com boas características pós-colheita e organolépticas. Uma das estratégias à solução desse problema é a seleção de novos genótipos, por meio do melhoramento genético, visando o aumento do valor nutricional e funcional (biofortificação), associado às boas características agronômicas

Metabolomics of Ulva lactuca Linnaeus (Chlorophyta) exposed to oil fuels: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analysis as tools for metabolic fingerprint

Fossil fuels, e.g. gasoline and diesel oil, account for substantial share of the pollution that affects marine ecosystems. Environmental metabolomics is an emerging field that may help unravel the effect of these xenobiotics on seaweeds and provide methodologies for biomonitoring coastal ecosystems. In the present study, FTIR and multivariate analysis were used to discriminate metabolic profiles of Ulva lactuca after in vitro exposure to diesel oil and gasoline, in combinations of concentrations (0.001%, 0.01%, 0.1%, and 1.0% - v/v) and times of exposure (30 min, 1 h, 12 h, and 24 h). PCA and HCA performed on entire mid-infrared spectral window were able to discriminate diesel oil-exposed thalli from the gasoline-exposed ones. HCA performed on spectral window related to the protein absorbance (17001500 cm 1) enabled the best discrimination between gasoline-exposed samples regarding the time of exposure, and between diesel oil-exposed samples according to the concentration. The results indicate that the combination of FTIR with multivariate analysis is a simple and efficient methodology for metabolic profiling with potential use for biomonitoring strategies.To Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) for financial support. The research fellowships granted to Marcelo Maraschin (Proc. 307099/2015-6) and Fernanda Ramlov (Proc. 473408/2013-9) by National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq) are also acknowledged. This work was partially funded by CNPq and FCT agreement through the PropMine (Proc. 490383/2013-0) and PVE (Proc. 407323/2013-9, Dr. Miguel Rocha) grants

Influence of solar radiation on the production of secondary metabolites in three rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most produced and consumed cereals worldwide and has its importance highlighted mainly in developing countries, where it plays a strategic economic and social role. Due to the importance of rice in the diet, its composition and nutritional characteristics are directly related to the health of the population. In the rice production systems, some climatic factors are determinants for the good performance of the crop, inducing the biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites. The present study determined the metabolic profiles through UV-visible spectrophotometry of leaf samples of three rice cultivars (Marques -- white, \\^Onix -- black, and Rubi -- red pericarp) throughout the rice's vegetative stages in two experimental times, from September to December 2015 and from January to April 2016. Solar radiation was recorded along the experimental period. To the organosolvent extracts of leaf samples, UV-vis spectrophotometric techniques were applied and the quantitative results of certain metabolites, e.g., chlorophylls, carotenoids, phenolics, flavonoids, and sugars, as well the antioxidant activity, which were analyzed by chemometrics tools. The results showed that biochemical parameters carotenoids, chlorophylls and sugars are more affected by the intensity of the radiation do que as vari\\'\a\veis phenolics, flavonoids and these alterations may be detected through statistical analysis of biochemical concentrations and UV-vis spectra.CAPES -Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(407323/2013-9)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

In vitro exposure of Ulva lactuca Linnaeus (Chlorophyta) to gasoline: biochemical and morphological alterations

Refined fuels have considerable share of pollution of marine ecosystems. Gasoline is one of the most consumed fuel worldwide, but its effects on marine benthic primary producers are poorly investigated. In this study, Ulva lactuca was chosen as a biological model due to its cosmopolitan nature and tolerance to high levels and wide range of xenobiotics and our goal was to evaluate the effects of gasoline on ultrastructure and metabolism of that seaweed. The experimental design consisted of in vitro exposure of U. lactuca to four concentrations of gasoline (0.001%, 0.01%, 0.1%, and 1.0%, v/v) over 30 min, 1 h, 12 h, and 24 h, followed by cytochemical, SEM, and biochemical analysis. Increase in the number of cytoplasmic granules, loss of cell turgor, cytoplasmic shrinkage, and alterations in the mucilage were some of the ultrastructural alterations observed in thalli exposed to gasoline. Decrease in carotenoid and polyphenol contents, as well as increase of soluble sugars and starch contents were associated with the time of exposure to the xenobiotic. In combination, the results revealed important morphological and biochemical alterations in the phenotype of U. lactuca upon acute exposure to gasoline. This seaweed contain certain metabolites assigned as candidates to biomarkers of the environmental stress investigated and it is thought to be a promise species for usage in coastal ecosystems perturbation monitoring system. In addition, the findings suggest that U. lactuca is able to metabolize gasoline hydrocarbons and use them as energy source, acting as bioremediator of marine waters contaminated by petroleum derivatives.To Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) for financial support. Authors are thankful to the Central Laboratory of Electron Microscopy (LCME) and Multi-User Laboratory for Studies in Biology (LAMEB) at Federal University of Santa Catarina. The research fellowships granted to M. Maraschin (Proc. 307099/2015-6) and Fernanda Ramlov (Proc. 473408/2013-9) by National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq) are also acknowledged. This work was partially funded by CNPq and FCT agreement through the PropMine (Proc. 490383/2013-0) and PVE (Proc. 407323/2013-9, Dr. Miguel Rocha) grants

A review of common parameters and descriptors used in studies of the impacts of heavy metal pollution on marine macroalgae: identification of knowledge gaps and future needs

This study presents a systematic review to assess the main similarities and gaps in efforts to evaluate the impacts of heavy metals on benthic marine seaweeds. A total of 91 studies were compiled, the main parameters (abiotic, biological, ecotoxicological, and heavy metals) and descriptors of which were evaluated by quantitative and qualitative analyses. Our results indicate the importance of diversifying searches by including different languages (i.e. English, Portuguese and Spanish). Most of the studies were field characterizations, with few abiotic parameters and/or seasonality evaluations being employed. In contrast, the assessment of ecotoxicological parameters was highly frequent, which seems incoherent considering the absence of data to support the use of these results in biomonitoring applications. The genera Sargassum, Ulva and Enteromorpha were widely studied worldwide, apart from a small fraction of studies assessing higher levels of biological organization. Moreover, the use of different parameters and descriptors by the evaluated studies precludes making conclusive or reliable comparisons. These findings highlight the importance of greater efforts to construct a concise baseline of knowledge using similar parameters so that global evaluations of the impacts of heavy metals on photosynthetic organisms can be undertaken.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Ecophysiological and biochemical variation of the surf zone diatom asterionellopsis glacialis sensu lato from Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil

Patches formed by dense accumulations of diatoms in the surf zone (surf diatoms) are common on sandy beaches with intermediate to dissipative morphodynamic states. Their appearances are correlated with environmental factors such as the passage of cold fronts when onshore winds increase beach hydrodynamics, resuspending epibenthic stocks and accumulating them through the inner surf zone. In Santa Catarina state, Southern Brazil, two beaches are known to have frequent occurrence of accumulations of the surf diatom Asterionellopsis glacialis sensu lato: Rincão Beach (28°50' S) and Navegantes Beach (26°52' S). The high biomass of this alga and its central importance in the trophic structure of the coastal ecosystems suggest studies about its potential applications. In the present study, strains of A. glacialis were isolated, cultured under different conditions and evaluated for ecophysiological aspects: growth rate under different conditions, potential biological activities of exudates, biomass and lipid content, and fatty acid profile. A. glacialis cells in culture showed deformation, which were ameliorated by using agitation and silicon and phosphorus enriched culture media. Exudates of the strains showed no allelopathic effects, although previous studies have indicated activity. Lipid content showed variation depending on the strain and culture media. Values ranged from 9% to 13.6% by dry weight. In all strains saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids were identified. Some hypotheses were proposed to explain the variation of the lipid contents, fatty acid profiles and physiological features between strains of the same species. We believe that the fatty acids profile of this primary producer has important consequences in the sandy beach ecology.Manchas formadas por densas acumulações de diatomáceas na zona de arrebentação ("diatomáceas de surf") são comuns em praias arenosas com estados morfodinâmicos dissipativos ou intermediários. Seu aparecimento está correlacionado com fatores ambientais, como a passagem de frentes frias, quando ventos em direção a praia promovem maior hidrodinâmica, gerando ressuspensão de estoques bênticos das diatomáceas, acumulando-as na zona de arrebentação interna. No estado de Santa Catarina, sul do Brasil, duas praias são conhecidas por terem frequente ocorrência de acumulações da diatomácea de zona de arrebentação Asterionellopsis glacialis lato sensu: Praia do Rincão (28 ° 50 'S) e Praia de Navegantes (26 ° 52' S). A alta biomassa desta alga e sua importância central na estrutura trófica dos ecossistemas costeiros sugerem estudos sobre suas potenciais aplicações. No presente estudo, cepas de A. glacialis foram isoladas, cultivadas sob diferentes condições e avaliadas quanto a aspectos ecofisiológicos (taxas de crescimento, atividades biológicas de exsudatos e biomassa) e bioquímicos (conteúdo lipídico e perfil de ácidos graxos). As células de A. glacialis em cultura mostraram deformações, as quais foram melhoradas, usando agitação e meios de cultura ricos em silício e fósforo. O exsudato das cepas não mostrou efeito alelopático nem antimicrobiano, embora estudos anteriores tenham indicado essa atividade. O conteúdo lipídico apresentou variação dependendo da cepa e do meio de cultura utilizado. Os valores variaram entre 9% e 13,6%, em massa seca. Em todas as cepas foram identificados ácidos graxos saturados e poli-insaturados. Algumas hipóteses foram propostas para explicar a variação considerável nos níveis de lipídeos, nos perfis de ácidos graxos e as características ecofisiológicas das cepas. Além disso, sugerimos que o conteúdo e a composição de ácidos graxos pode ter consequências importantes na ecologia das praias arenosas onde A. glacialis ocorre como o principal produtor primário