Electron conduction through quasi-one-dimensional indium atomic wires on silicon

Electron conduction through quasi-one-dimensional (1D) indium atomic wires on silicon (the Si(111)-4x1-In reconstruction) is clarified with the help of local structural analysis using scanning tunneling microscopy. The reconstruction has a conductance per square as high as 100 uS, with global conduction despite numerous surface steps. A complete growth of indium wires up to both the surface steps and the lithographically printed electrodes is essential for the macroscopic transport. The system exhibits a metal-insulator transition at 130 K, consistent with a recent ultraviolet photoemission study [H. W. Yeom, S. Takeda, E. Rotenberg, I. Matsuda, K. Horikoshi, J. Schaefer, C. M. Lee, S. D. Kevan, T. Ohta, T. Nagao, and S. Hasegawa, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4898 (1999)]Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

(Ir-)Reversibility and thermal equilibrium in magnetic domain pattern formation in ultra-thin ferromagnetic films

We investigate the details of pattern formation and transitions between different modulated phases in ultra-thin Fe films on Cu(001). At high temperature, the transitions between the uniform saturated state, the bubble state and the striped state are completely reversible, while at low temperature the bubble phase is avoided. The observed non-equilibrium behavior can be qualitatively explained by considering the intrinsic energy barriers appearing in the system due to the competition between the short-ranged exchange and the long-ranged dipolar interactions. Our experiments suggest that the height of these energy barriers is related to the domain size and is therefore strongly temperature dependent.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figure

Phase transition of the Si(111)-4x1-In surface reconstruction investigated by electron transport measurements

We measure the electron conductivity of the surface states and the subsurface space charge layer originating from the Si(111)-4x1-In reconstruction as a function of temperature. The conductivity of the surface states drops sharply around 130 K with decreasing temperature, revealing a metal-insulator phase transition of the surface reconstruction. In contrast, the influence of the phase transition on the conductivity of the space charge layer is limited to temperatures above 60 K. This means that the surface Fermi level remains strongly pinned despite the phase transition, indicating the presence of free carriers in the surface states down to rather low temperatures.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Surface Scienc

Nutritional Value-Dependent and Nutritional Value-Independent Effects on Drosophila melanogaster Larval Behavior

Gustatory stimuli allow an organism not only to orient in its environment toward energy-rich food sources to maintain nutrition but also to avoid unpleasant or even poisonous substrates. For both mammals and insects, sugars—perceived as "sweet”—potentially predict nutritional benefit. Interestingly, even Drosophila adult flies are attracted to most high-potency sweeteners preferred by humans. However, the gustatory information of a sugar may be misleading as some sugars, although perceived as "sweet,” cannot be metabolized. Accordingly, in adult Drosophila, a postingestive system that additionally evaluates the nutritional benefit of an ingested sugar has been shown to exist. By using a set of seven different sugars, which either offer (fructose, sucrose, glucose, maltodextrin, and sorbitol) or lack (xylose and arabinose) nutritional benefit, we show that Drosophila, at the larval stage, can perceive and evaluate sugars based on both nutrition-dependent and -independent qualities. In detail, we find that larval survival and feeding mainly depend on the nutritional value of a particular sugar. In contrast, larval choice behavior and learning are regulated in a more complex way by nutrition value-dependent and nutrition value-independent information. The simplicity of the larval neuronal circuits and their accessibility to genetic manipulation may ultimately allow one to identify the neuronal and molecular basis of the larval sugar perception systems described here behaviorall

History of Homecoming: 1948-2003

A HST390 seminar paper

Microstructure, mechanical properties and cracking behaviour in a gamma'-precipitation strengthened nickel-base superalloy fabricated by electron beam melting

The influences of EBM processing and post-processing on microstructure, mechanical properties and cracking behaviour in a γ′ precipitation-strengthened nickel-base superalloy DZ125 are critically assessed. Results show that a solution treating and ageing (STA) is required to obtain γ′ precipitates with a cuboidal shape. The columnar grain width was found to gradually increase from the bottom to the top of the as-EBM sample having a total build height of 80 mm, whereas there was little gradient in γ′ size. The presence of EBM induced intergranular cracks can be closed by hot isostatic pressing (HIP), however reappearance of intergranular cracks with a much wider crack opening width was observed after STA treatment. EBM induced cracks are classified as liquid-state cracking, as the classic dendritic morphology were found on the cracked surfaces. The post-processing induced cracks can be attributed to the effect of γ′ dissolution and re-precipitation of fine γ′ during the cooling stage of solution treatment. The results suggest that HIP is not an effective approach in healing liquid-state cracks in EBM fabricated γ′ precipitation-strengthened superalloys

Brain Gym

This study sought to determine the potential impact a program of exercises known as Brain Gym has on students\u27 attention and ability to focus and retain information. Brain Gym consists of a serious of physical activities that could possibly enhance learning ability. The research was conducted in an urban elementary school before math time. An entire first grade classroom was introduced to Brain Gym and the entire class participated in Brain Gym activities before math began. Specifically, six students\u27 behaviors and achievements were observed and recorded to help determine if Brain Gym had an impact. Various research methods were utilized to collect data and a literature review was conducted in order to answer the question: Does Brain Gym, a program of exercises that can potentially impact students\u27 attention and ability to focus and retain information, affect 1st grade students\u27 behavior and achievement in math

Brain Gym

This study sought to determine the potential impact a program of exercises known as Brain Gym has on students' attention and ability to focus and retain information. Brain Gym consists of a serious of physical activities that could possibly enhance learning ability. The research was conducted in an urban elementary school before math time. An entire first grade classroom was introduced to Brain Gym and the entire class participated in Brain Gym activities before math began. Specifically, six students' behaviors and achievements were observed and recorded to help determine if Brain Gym had an impact. Various research methods were utilized to collect data and a literature review was conducted in order to answer the question: Does Brain Gym, a program of exercises that can potentially impact students' attention and ability to focus and retain information, affect 1st grade students' behavior and achievement in math?SUNY BrockportEducation and Human DevelopmentMaster of Science in Education (MSEd)Education and Human Development Master's These

Approximate thermodynamic structure for driven lattice gases in contact

For a class of nonequilibrium systems, called driven lattice gases, we study what happens when two systems are kept in contact and allowed to exchange particles with the total number of particles conserved. Both for attractive and repulsive nearest-neighbor interactions among particles and for a wide range of parameter values, we find that, to a good approximation, one could define an intensive thermodynamic variable, like equilibrium chemical potential, which determines the final steady state for two initially separated driven lattice gases brought into contact. However, due to nontrivial contact dynamics, there are also observable deviations from this simple thermodynamic law. To illustrate the role of the contact dynamics, we study a variant of the zero range process and discuss how the deviations could be explained by a modified large deviation principle. We identify an additional contribution to the large deviation function, which we call the excess chemical potential, for the variant of the zero range process as well as the driven lattice gases. The excess chemical potential depends on the specifics of the contact dynamics and is in general a-priori unknown. A contact dependence implies that even though an intensive variable may equalize, the zeroth law could still be violated.Comment: 16 pages, 17 figure

Der Einfluss auf die Wiederkaufs- und Weiterempfehlungsabsicht von Hygiene- und Kosmetikprodukten in stationären Drogerien unter Berücksichtigung der Store Atmosphere sowie verschiedener Eigenmarken-Qualitätsstufen

Der stationäre Einzelhandel verzeichnet sinkende Kundenloyalitätsraten und steigende Wechselbereitschaften. Aufgrund der Wichtigkeit von loyaler Kundschaft bedarf es Massnahmen, um der hohen Wettbewerbsrivalität stand halten zu können und sich langfristig von der Konkurrenz abzuheben. Während dies bis vor einigen Jahren noch ausschliesslich über Preis und Qualität zu realisieren war, bedarf es heute neuen Profilierungsstrategien. Ein möglicher Ansatz, um auf diese Entwicklung zu reagieren, besteht in der Schaffung einer positiven Customer Experience durch die Verbesserung der Store Atmosphere. So soll ein dauerhaftes Annäherungsverhalten des Kunden gegenüber dem Ladengeschäft sichergestellt werden und ein Vermeidungsverhalten, welches eine erhöhte Anbieter-Wechselbereitschaft zur Folge hat, reduzieren. Ein weiterer Ansatz zur Sicherung der Kundenloyalität ist in dem Angebot von Eigenmarkenprodukten zu finden. Die dadurch vermutete, vermeintliche Exklusivität des Angebotes lässt Kunden immer wieder zu ein und demselben Anbieter zurückkommen. Um möglichst viele Einkäufer mit unterschiedlichen finanziellen Möglichkeiten zu binden, implementieren Händler verschiedene Eigenmarken-Qualitätsstufen in ihrem Angebot. Es gilt diese theoretischen Ansätze auf ihren Wirkungsgrad in der Praxis zu untersuchen und erstmalig die Interaktion von erlebnisorientierten Merkmalen der Ladenatmosphäre und dem Angebot von Eigenmarken-Qualitätsstufen in Hinblick auf die Loyalität, gemessen an der Wiederkaufs- und Weiterempfehlungsabsicht der Kunden, im Kontext von stationären Drogerien zu untersuchen. Hierfür wurde ein Online-Experiment im Zeitraum vom 04.05.2022 bis zum 09.05.2022 in Form eines 2x2 faktoriellen Designs durchgeführt. Entsprechend wird die Kundenloyalität von vier Experimentalgruppen untersucht, denen randomisiert jeweils eines von insgesamt vier manipulierten Szenarien vorgelegt wird. Das Experiment fusst auf 635 Probanden. Die Auswertung des Experimentes hat gezeigt, dass sich 370 gültige Samples ergeben haben. Festgehalten werden kann, dass die Store Atmosphere einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Loyalität der Kunden ausübt. Eine als angenehm empfundene Ladengestaltung trägt somit, in Übereinstimmung mit bisherigen Forschungserkenntnissen, massgeblich zur Sicherstellung von loyaler Kundschaft bei. Entgegen dazu kann weder die Eigenmarken-Qualitätsstufe noch die Interaktion davon als Massnahme zur Förderung der Loyalität eingesetzt werden. Darüber hinaus kann der Einfluss auf die Loyalität durch eine angenehme Store Atmosphere genauer durch eine damit bedingte, höhere Qualitätseinschätzung der Produkte erklärt werden. Durch die Hinzunahme der Qualitätseinschätzung als Mediator kann noch immer kein signifikanter Einfluss auf die Loyalität durch Eigenmarken festgestellt werden. Auch kann die Store Atmosphere als Moderator die Qualitätseinschätzungen von Eigenmarkenprodukten weder stärken noch schwächen. Somit kann angenommen werden, dass lediglich die Store Atmosphere einen Einfluss auf die Loyalität ausübt. Für Einzelhändler lohnt es sich demnach den Fokus auf die Gestaltung eines ausgezeichneten Verkaufsraumes zu legen und weniger den Ausbau des eigenen Produktportfolios anzustreben. Von Interesse ist, inwiefern noch weitere Möglichkeiten für die Differenzierung auf Anbieterseite bestehen