Detection of antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens by ELISA for the diagnosis of connective tissue disorders in ANA positive patients

INTRODUCTION: Autoimmune diseases occur in 3–5% of the population as a result of myriad of genetic and environmental factors that lead to altered immune reactivity. The alterations in the immune system initiated by a loss of immunological tolerance to self-antigens lead to the development of autoreactive phenomena that can be detected in the peripheral blood. OBJECTIVES: To study the different types of Extractable Nuclear Antibodies (SSA, SSB, Sm, RNP/Sm, Scl-70, JO-1) present in the study population and also find the association of different ENA subtypes in connective tissue disorders. METHODS: This study was conducted for a period of 1 year from April 2016to March 2017. The study population mainly consisted of 100 patients, attending Rheumatology department, Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital, Tirunelveli. 50 patients had signs and symptoms related to connective tissue disorders and were ANA positive. Another 50 patients had no signs and symptoms related to CTD and were ANA negative. The age group studied was 15-65 years. Both sexes were included. RESULT: Out of 100 patients tested, 28 (56%) of ANA positive patients and 3 (6 %) among control group were found to be positive for extractable nuclear antibodies by ENA screening ELISA. Among ENA positive subjects most common age group was 30-39 years that is 38.7% were in this age group. Extractable Nuclear Antibodies were found most predominantly in females (28 out of 31) 90.3% compared to males (3 out of 31) 9.7%. Among the 31 ENA positive subjects SSA was identified in 17 (54%), SSB in 6 (19%), Sm in 16 (51%), RNP/Sm in 18 (58%) , Scl-70 in 4 (12 %) patients. CONCLUSION: Autoimmune connective tissue diseases are rare group of diseases with significant impact on patient’s quality of life and socioeconomic aspects. Antinuclear antibody testing is the gold standard diagnostic tool in CTDs. But its role as disease activity and prognostic marker is less understood. This study has ventured to analyze the correlation of ENA profile with disease activity and prognosis. Antibodies against extractable nuclear antigens (ENAs) are useful diagnostic markers for various autoimmune connective tissue diseases. ELISA evaluated in this study has the advantage over the other techniques is that it enables the detection of antibodies with additional specificities. Its major advantages are its lower price and the fast and simultaneous detection of different autoantibodies in asingle serum

USE OF LEGAL INFORMATION SOURCES AND SERVICES BY THE UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS OF GOVERNMENT LAW COLLEGE, COIMBATORE, TAMILNADU STATE, INDIA : A STUDY

The present study is undertaken to investigate the use of legal information sources and services by the undergraduate students of Government Law College, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu State, India. It is a descriptive research study which employed questionnaires to collect data from 200 students who are pursing III, IV and V year of undergraduate law courses. The findings of the study reveal that : A majority of 83 students need human rights information and 78 students need academic information. A majority of 62 (93.94%) students know and use textbooks, 50 (75.76%) know and use law books and 49 (74.24%) know and make use of Bye-Laws. Updates of court rules (33, 41.25%) and Statutes (25, 30.12%) are the sources which are not known to most number of IV year students. A majority of them are aware of Internet and legal databases and they make use of such resources. The website of Supreme Court of India is widely known and used among them. A majority of them browse internet, read books/journals, ask faculty members and use mass media to access legal information. Reading books / journals, cyber café, trial and error method and instruction from library staff are the methods used by most of the students to learn to use legal information resources. More than 80% of them know and use JUDIS. Inadequate number of journals, non-availability of latest journals, difficulty in finding relevant information and erratic power supply are the major problems faced by the male students in accessing library resources. A majority of the students want the library to conduct demos of online legal sources by external experts, expect the library to provide more electronic resources and online legal databases and want the library to provide index to law reports and more current legal materials

Employee Surveillance System Using Face Recognition

Advancement in technology has made face recognition system more prevalent and convenient to identify a person without a manual system which contributes to time consumption. In this system, facial recognition is by the means by which the employees are monitored. Our project addresses the problems present with manual surveillance by automating it in an efficient manner. Machine learning and deep learning have benefited people from all walks of life, and we plan to use machine learning in our surveillance system to build this specific project with the aid of Python and its comprehensive modules. The project involves a real-time detection of faces which are then matched with the corresponding face in the database. An excel sheet stores the time at which the login has taken place when the detection occurs. To achieve the goals, we used a combination of machine learning techniques and various logic-based algorithms

Performance Assessment of Self Compacting Concrete Incorporating Mineral Admixtures

Abstract. Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is a newly constructed which need to be processed to be installed and assembled. It can discharge beneath its own weight, complete formwork, and achieve complete integration, at the same time in the existence of profusion reinforcement. SCC is a variety of high-strength concrete and expands to form devoid of the demand for mechanical vibrations. SCC is a non-removable concrete by its weight. The importance of concrete that you assemble is that it retains all the durability and characteristics of the concrete, meeting the expected operational requirements. Another way to diminish the expense of concrete for that is to use Mineral Admixtures (MA) such as Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS) Silica Fume (SF), and Fly Ash (FA), during mixing. The quantity of Portland cement was decreased by using mineral admixtures, expense of compaction will be competitive especially reason for this while using the mineral mixtures are waste or industrial product. In addition, the application of MA in the production of composite concrete not only provides economic benefits but also reduces the temperature of the hydration. The amalgamation of mineral ingredients additionally excludes the need for viscosity-improving chemical admixtures. Low water/cement (W/C) ratio which indicates to superior durability and exceptional mechanical integrity of the building. This experimental research paper familiarizes and reviewing the strength properties such as compression test, flexural strength and the split strength of SCC with different mineral compounds and compare the properties with Control Mix (CM) and workability tests of various mineral compounds (slump, L-box, U-box, and T50) also studied. From the Experimental investigation concluded that the impact of mineral mixtures on performance like compressive strength values, split tensile strength values and flexural strength values were increases as per European Federation of manufacturers for special concrete. </jats:p

Standardization and Pharmacological Screening of Palagarai Chunnam

The test drug Palagarai chunnam, a traditional Siddha Herbo-Marine formulation was selected from the classical siddha literature Siddha Maruthuva Nool thirattu for its Diuretic, Anti-Spasmodic and Ovulation inducing activities. • The test drug Palagarai chunnam was prepared as per the Standard operative procedure mentioned in Siddha literature. All the ingredients were identified and authenticated by Siddha and Botany experts. • Reviews of literature in various categories were carried out Gunapadam, Botanical, Zoological, Pharmaceutical, Toxicological review and Pharmacological studies disclosed about the ingredients of the drug and it strongly supported that Palagarai chunnam possesses the Diuretic, Anti-Spasmodic and Ovulation inducing activities. • The drug was subjected to qualitative and qualitative analysis. Qualitative analysis such as physicochemical and preliminary chemical analysis. Quantitatively such as ICP-OES HR-SEM and FTIR, analysis which provided the key ingredients present in the drug. • Chemical analysis of the drug Palagarai chunnam revealed the presence of Carbonate, Chloride, Iron, Calcium, Magnesium, Starch and Alkaloids. • The presence of organic functional groups such as Phenyl, Alkenes, Arenes, Sulfate, Amines (2º) were identified in Palagarai chunnam by using Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR). • The presence of heavy metals in Palagarai chunnam were identified within the WHO permissible limits by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) • The particle size was assessed by Scanning Electron Microscope. The SEM analysis of Palagarai chunnam reveals that the majority of the particles were Nano in size. • Pharmacological studies of Palagarai chunnam were done. It revealed that the drug possess for its Diuretic, Anti-Spasmodic and Ovulation inducing activities in animal model. Results and discussion gives the necessary justifications to prove the potency of the test drug Palagarai chunnam. CONCLUTION: From the above literature review, analytical studies qualitative (physicochemical and chemical analysis), quantitative analysis (ICP-OES, SEM and FTIR) and pharmacological activities (i.e. Diuretic, Anti-Spasmodic and Ovulation inducing activities), this study is concluded that the test drug Palagarai chunnam possesses a good Diuretic, Anti-Spasmodic and Ovulation inducing activities activities. Finally, it concluded that the pre-clinically evaluated drug Palagarai chunnam can be clinically used for treatment of Soothaga Vayitru vali (Dysmenorrhea), Soothga vaayu (PCOS), Malattu thanmai (Infertility), Sogai (Anemia), Magotharam (Ascitis),Neerambal, Veekam (Dropsy), Hepatomegaly and Splenomegaly

USE OF LEGAL INFORMATION SOURCES AND SERVICES BY THE UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS OF GOVERNMENT LAW COLLEGE, COIMBATORE, TAMILNADU STATE, INDIA : A STUDY

The present study is undertaken to investigate the use of legal information sources and services by the undergraduate students of Government Law College, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu State, India. It is a descriptive research study which employed questionnaires to collect data from 200 students who are pursing III, IV and V year of undergraduate law courses. The findings of the study reveal that : A majority of 83 students need human rights information and 78 students need academic information. A majority of 62 (93.94%) students know and use textbooks, 50 (75.76%) know and use law books and 49 (74.24%) know and make use of Bye-Laws. Updates of court rules (33, 41.25%) and Statutes (25, 30.12%) are the sources which are not known to most number of IV year students. A majority of them are aware of Internet and legal databases and they make use of such resources. The website of Supreme Court of India is widely known and used among them. A majority of them browse internet, read books/journals, ask faculty members and use mass media to access legal information. Reading books / journals, cyber café, trial and error method and instruction from library staff are the methods used by most of the students to learn to use legal information resources. More than 80% of them know and use JUDIS. Inadequate number of journals, non-availability of latest journals, difficulty in finding relevant information and erratic power supply are the major problems faced by the male students in accessing library resources. A majority of the students want the library to conduct demos of online legal sources by external experts, expect the library to provide more electronic resources and online legal databases and want the library to provide index to law reports and more current legal materials

BIOSYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING AQUEOUS BROCCOLI EXTRACT- CHARACTERIZATION AND STUDY OF ANTIMICROBIAL, CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS.

OBJECTIVE– The synthesis of metal nanoparticles is a growing area of research due to its potentiality in the application and development of advanced technologies. In general, nanoparticles are synthesized by using chemical methods which are not eco-friendly. Vegetable mediated synthesis of nanoparticles is a green chemistry approach that connects the nanotechnology and biotechnology. In the present investigation we report a green chemistry approach, for the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Broccoli floret aqueous extract under optimum conditionsMETHOD- Here we have used a fast, convenient and environment friendly method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by biologically reducing AgNO₃ with aqueous extract of Broccoli florets (Brassica Oleracea L. var. Italica) under optimum conditions (pH-6-7). The formation of silver nanoparticles was indicated by the colour change from colourless to reddish brown. Biosynthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-VIS, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM and EDAX analysis. The free radical scavenging activity was assessed by DPPH assay. These biologically synthesised Ag nanoparticles were tested for antimicrobial activity against four human pathogens viz. Klebsiella Pneumonia, Staphylococcus Saprophyticus, Bacillus Cereus and Escheria Coli. These nanoparticles were assessed further for cytotoxic activity on MCF-7 cell line.RESULT-  The reduction process was simple and convenient to handle and monitored by UV-Vis spectroscopy which showed surface plasmon resonance at 425nm. The presence of active proteins and phenolic groups present in biomass before and after  reduction was identified by FT-IR. The crystalline morphology and size of the nanoparticles were determined by TEM, SEM AND X-ray diffraction studies, which showed the average particle size of silver nanoparticles was in the range 40- 50nm as well as revealed their FCC structure. Presence of elemental silver was revealed by EDAX analysis. These biologically synthesised Ag nanoparticles were found to be effective in controlling growth of human pathogens viz. Klebsiella Pneumonia, Staphylococcus Saprophyticus and Escheria Coli. These nanoparticles showed high percent toxicity against MCF-7 cell line. The reducing property of aqueous extract is due to the presence of antioxidant viz. ascorbic acid, polyphenols which is confirmed by quantitative assay and scavenging effect of free radicals proved by DPPH scavenging activity.CONCLUSION- The present investigation revealed that the fresh Broccoli floret aqueous extract is capable of producing silver nanoparticles that are quiet stable for 15 days at room temperature without any sign of precipitation.Keywords: Brassica oleracea L.var.italica, SEM, TEM, XRD, EDAX, FT-IR, Scherrer formula and Cytotoxic effect

Hydration of calcined magnesite at elevated-temperatures under turbulent conditions

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