Genome sequencing of multidrug resistant novel Clostridium sp. BL8 reveals its potential for pathogenicity

BACKGROUND: The human gut microbiome is important for maintaining the health status of the host. Clostridia are key members of the human gut microbiome, carrying out several important functions in the gut environment. Hence understanding the role of different Clostridium species isolated from human gut is essential. The present study was aimed at investigating the role of novel Clostridium sp. isolate BL8 in human gut using genome sequencing as a tool. FINDINGS: The genome analysis of Clostridium sp. BL8 showed the presence of several adaptive features like bile resistance, presence of sensory and regulatory systems, presence of oxidative stress managing systems and presence of membrane transport systems. The genome of Clostridium sp. BL8 consists of a wide variety of virulence factors like phospholipase C (alpha toxin), hemolysin, aureolysin and exfoliative toxin A, as well as adhesion factors, proteases, Type IV secretion system and antibiotic resistance genes. In vitro antibiotic sensitivity testing showed that Clostridium sp. BL8 was resistant to 11 different tested antibiotics belonging to 6 different classes. The cell cytotoxicity assay confirmed the cytotoxic effect of Clostridium sp. BL8 cells, which killed 40% of the Vero cells after 4 hrs of incubation. CONCLUSIONS: Clostridium sp. BL8 has adapted for survival in human gut environment, with presence of different adaptive features. The presence of several virulence factors and cell cytotoxic activity indicate that Clostridium sp. BL8 has a potential to cause infections in humans, however further in vivo studies are necessary to ascertain this fact

A Result Paper on: Power Grid Associated With Web Using Non-Conventional Energy Source

This paper proposes a household power unit which is able to automatic switching and will communicatethrough Ethernet/Wi-Fi so utilization of the Non-conventional energy sources like solar energy will become more reliable. Further it will have madeready to end-user through electrical setup. The Arduino MEGA processor is preferred to work as an Embedded Device. The program loaded on this device will be work as Real time operating system. It isnecessary to process, control and communication. Other services are provided on the top of embedded device. It includes communication with server about the real-timeinformation on energy meters at customer`s location.Energy source selection, power-up the connection and disconnection are some of the services that areprovided through the online web portal. The web browser available at subscriber`s end, can act as an interface to these services provided.. Greater integration of renewable energy generation may be achieved by facilitating battery energy storage systems like integrating remote access to manage the set up like Ethernet, Web communication etc. The smart energy management of the resources is very important aspect. It allows collection of energy from multiple sources. In case of commercial and large scale implementation, the generated power at distribution level can be directly fed to the utility distribution network. Inthis paper, the smart energy management system is used where the battery monitoring systemworks alternately. ARDUINO MEGA 7 microcontroller is used to regulate the actual operating function as a core part of the setup. It is ideally appropriate for residential premises along with commercial applications

Utjecaj blanširanja i temperature zraka na kinetiku sušenja u tankom sloju i razgradnju antocijana u sjeckanoj ljubičastoj mrkvi (Daucus carota L.)

This study was conducted to investigate the eff ect of blanching treatment (98 °C for 3 and 6 min) and air drying temperature of 40, 50 and 60 °C on the thin layer drying characteristics such as drying time, drying rate constant, effective moisture diffusivity and activation energy, as well as on anthocyanin content of black carrot shreds. It was observed that drying temperature aff ected the drying rate but blanching did not have an eff ect on drying time. Three thin layer drying models, i.e. Page, Lewis and Henderson-Pabis were evaluated. The goodness of these models was evaluated based on the coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error, reduced chi square (χ2) and standard error. Page model showed the best fit to the drying data. The effective diffusivity ranges of 1.4·10–9 to 2.6·10–9 m2/s, 1.3·10–9 to 2.1·10–9 m2/s and 1.5·10–9 to 2.2·10–9 m2/s aft er 3 or 6 min of blanching and control samples respectively were calculated using Fick’s second law. The activation energy of 37.5, 26.0 and 34.6 kJ/(mol·K) of the control samples and samples blanched for 3 or 6 min respectively was determined from the Arrhenius plot. The blanching treatment affected the anthocyanin content to a great extent. The anthocyanin content of (231.7±2.9) and (278.8±7.8) mg per 100 g was recorded in samples blanched for 3 and 6 min and then dried at 60 °C, and (153.0±4.3) and (247.0±5.5) mg per 100 g was recorded at 40 °C as compared to the control of (580.1±1.3) at 60 °C and (466.7±1.1) mg per 100 g at 40 °C.U radu je ispitan utjecaj blanširanja (tijekom 3 i 6 min pri 98 °C) i temperature zraka (40, 50 i 60 °C) na vrijeme sušenja, konstantu sušenja, efektivnu difuzivnost vlage i energiju aktivacije, te na udjel antocijana u sjeckanoj ljubičastoj mrkvi. Utvrđeno je da temperatura zraka utječe na brzinu sušenja, a da blanširanje ne utječe na trajanje sušenja. Uspoređena su tri modela sušenja u tankom sloju: Pageov, Lewisov i Henderson-Pabisov, a njihova je prikladnost određena pomoću koeficijenta determinacije (R2), korijena srednje kvadratne pogreške, reduciranog hi-kvadrata (χ2) i standardne pogreške. Pageov je model najbolje opisao podatke o sušenju. Primjenom drugog Fickovog zakona izračunata je efektivna difuzivnost uzoraka blanširanih 3 min od 1,4•10-9 do 2,6•10-9 m2/s, uzoraka blanširanih 6 min od 1,3•10-9 do 2,1•10-9 m2/s i kontrolnih uzoraka od 1,5•10-9 do 2,2•10-9 m2/s. Energija je aktivacije određena pomoću Arrheniusovog dijagrama, te je za kontrolni uzorak iznosila 37,5 kJ/(mol•K), za uzorke blanširane 3 min 26,0 kJ/(mol•K), a za uzorke blanširane 6 min 34,6 kJ/(mol•K). Blanširanje je bitno utjecalo na udjel antocijana u mrkvi, pa su nakon sušenja na 60 °C uzorci blanširani 3 min sadržavali (231,7±2,9) mg antocijana u 100 g a uzorci blanširani 6 min (278,8±7,8) mg u 100 g, uzorci sušeni na 40 °C imali su (153,0±4,3) mg u 100 grama nakon 3 min blanširanja i (247,0±5,5) mg u 100 g nakon 6 min blanširanja, dok su kontrolni uzorci sušeni na 60 °C imali (580,1±1,3) mg u 100 g, a oni sušeni na 40 °C (466,7±1,1) mg antocijana u 100 g

Design and Analysis of Four Wheeled Electrically Powered Mobility Vehicle

People with movement disabilities have numerous challenges in life, two of the most significant of which are first dependency on others and secondly mobility restrictions. As a result, people are unable to enjoy simple and personal activities such as shopping, going for a drive, riding on off-road terrain, and going on camping vacations, among other things. Though there are already various solutions available, such as wheelchairs, manual and electric wheelchairs, in this paper, we design and develop an open, four-wheeled, electrically powered mobility vehicle to address the aforementioned difficulties. This approach will seek to address the inadequacies of present choices by offering people with movement limitations a secure, comfortable, and relatively cost-effective form of transportation. The goal of this project is to include the advantages of current available options, such as wheelchair seating, compact design of mobility scooters and wheelchairs, electric power source and speed of mobility scooters, and overcome their challenges, such as long range, more speed, stability of a four-wheeled chassis, off-road driving capability, sufficient storage space, comparable price range, and so on

Trauma ICU Prevalence Project: the diversity of surgical critical care.

Background:Surgical critical care is crucial to the care of trauma and surgical patients. This study was designed to provide a contemporary assessment of patient types, injuries, and conditions in intensive care units (ICU) caring for trauma patients. Methods:This was a multicenter prevalence study of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma; data were collected on all patients present in participating centers' trauma ICU (TICU) on November 2, 2017 and April 10, 2018. Results:Forty-nine centers submitted data on 1416 patients. Median age was 58 years (IQR 41-70). Patient types included trauma (n=665, 46.9%), non-trauma surgical (n=536, 37.8%), medical (n=204, 14.4% overall), or unspecified (n=11). Surgical intensivists managed 73.1% of patients. Of ICU-specific diagnoses, 57% were pulmonary related. Multiple high-intensity diagnoses were represented (septic shock, 10.2%; multiple organ failure, 5.58%; adult respiratory distress syndrome, 4.38%). Hemorrhagic shock was seen in 11.6% of trauma patients and 6.55% of all patients. The most common traumatic injuries were rib fractures (41.6%), brain (38.8%), hemothorax/pneumothorax (30.8%), and facial fractures (23.7%). Forty-four percent were on mechanical ventilation, and 17.6% had a tracheostomy. One-third (33%) had an infection, and over half (54.3%) were on antibiotics. Operations were performed in 70.2%, with 23.7% having abdominal surgery. At 30 days, 5.4% were still in the ICU. Median ICU length of stay was 9 days (IQR 4-20). 30-day mortality was 11.2%. Conclusions:Patient acuity in TICUs in the USA is very high, as is the breadth of pathology and the interventions provided. Non-trauma patients constitute a significant proportion of TICU care. Further assessment of the global predictors of outcome is needed to inform the education, research, clinical practice, and staffing of surgical critical care providers. Level of evidence:IV, prospective observational study

Programmable Electronic Delay Device for Detonator

Delay devices are used to perform various roles like aiding in sequential release of payload, providing safety in flight/ trajectory, enabling self-destruction of ammunitions, allowing blast of the warhead after penetration in runway/bunker, etc. The delay time is introduced to cause a series of detonation events from the explosive charge, in order to achieve desired efficiency. Inspite of many improvements performed along the years, in search of precise delay compositions, it is noticed that the obtained accuracy in chemical delay compositions is of ±4%.The present work using microcontroller gives possible accuracy of upto ±1%.This paper discusses about programmable electronic delay device, timing accuracy of electronic delay device and its merits over chemical delay devices.Defence Science Journal, 2013, 63(3), pp.305-307, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.63.288

The gut microbiota and cardiovascular health benefits: a focus on wholegrain oats

Existing scientific data suggest that a high intake of wholegrain foods contributes to improved gut health and a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Wholegrain oats are rich in dietary fibre and an important source of many bioactive components, including minerals, vitamins and phenolic compounds. The oat β‐glucans have been reported to lower low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol through their ability to increase the viscosity of intestinal chime, change the gut microbiota composition and increase the production of short‐chain fatty acids, which may contribute to the inhibition of hepatic cholesterol synthesis. Oats are also a rich source of phenolic acids, which are predominantly bound to cell wall polysaccharides through ester bonds. This bound state within oats means that phenolic acid bioavailability will largely be determined by interactions with the colonic microbiota in the large intestine. However, results from in vitro, animal and human studies have been inconsistent in relation to the impact of oats on the gut microbiota, possibly due to differences in experimental techniques and because compounds in oats, other than β‐glucans, have not been considered. This review focuses on the interaction of oat β‐glucans and phenolic acids with gut microbiota, and the subsequent link to cardiovascular health

Leveraging {AI} technologies for enhanced multimedia localization

As demand for multilingual video content rises, multimedia localization is becoming crucial for Language Service Providers (LSPs), offering revenue growth and new business opportunities. To cope with labor-intensive multimedia workflows and the rise in client demand for cheaper and faster multimedia localization services, LSPs are starting to leverage advanced AI applications to streamline the localization process. However, workflows and tools adopted by media service providers may not be suitable for LSPs, while the plethora of available solutions makes it hard for LSPs to choose the ones that most effectively optimize their workflows. In this presentation, we assess AI technologies that offer efficiency and cost reduction in the traditionally human-driven workflows of transcription, translation, voice-over (VO), and subtitling with the goal to provide recommendations for LSPs on how to evaluate which tools work best for their processes.FGW – Publications not associated with a particular research are