An Overview of Linear Algebra in Image Processing

Linear algebra plays a crucial role in image processing, providing a powerful mathematical framework for manipulating and analyzing digital images. This article provides a brief introduction to basic linear algebra concepts and techniques commonly used in image processing, including matrix operations, linear transformations. It discuss how these tools can be used to perform operations such as image filtering, compression, registration, and segmentation, and illustrate their use with concrete examples. This work highlight some of the key challenges and open problems in the field of linear algebra and image processing, and suggest future directions for research in this area. This overview aims to provide a broad perspective on the role of linear algebra in image processing, and to stimulate further research in this exciting and rapidly evolving field. For numerical simulation, MATLAB is utilized

Hybrid Synchronization of n-scroll Chaotic Chua Circuits using Adaptive Backstepping Control Design with Recursive Feedback

ABSTRACT In this paper, the hybrid synchronization is investigated for n-scroll chaotic Chua circui

Biodecolorization of Reactive Red Using Bacillus cereus Isolated from Oil Contaminated Soil

Manufacturing and using organic dyes produce a variety of hazardous organic compounds which can be harmful to living organisms. Azol dyes, one of the most important synthetic organic components, are widely used in a variety of industries, particularly in the textile industry. As azo dyes breakdown, aromatic amines produce mutagenic products that can cause cancer in humans and aquatic life. In order to protect the environment, it was imperative to find a biological method for degrading these dyes. In recent years, microbial biodegradation has emerged as a promising method. Different bacterial isolates from oil-contaminated soil were investigated for their ability to decolorize reactive red. Under aerobic conditions at pH 7.0 and 35 °C with 0.1 mg/mL reactive red dye concentration, the isolated potential strain showed maximum decolorization of 84 % within 24 hr. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was identified as Bacillus cereus strain BIOS MD2. A variety of agricultural wastes were supplemented along with medium to reduce the costs of the process, and extracts of apple and chikoo peels showed better decolorization rates. UV-visible spectroscopy was used to analyze the biodegradation property of reactive red, which confirmed that Bacillus cereus successfully degraded reactive red. The present study provides a valuable insight into practical applications for the removal of textile dye from the environment

Effectiveness of Classroom Teaching and Learning Among Students and Faculty After COVID Pandemic

This paper brings out a study on the feedback from teachers which is carried out after the pandemic situation. The analysis is performed based on various aspects of classroom teaching after the pandemic such as quality of teaching and effectiveness of usage of tools. The fuzzy models like Combined Effective Time Dependent Matrix (CETD), Average Time Dependent Data Matrix (ATD) and Refined Time Dependent Data Matrix (RTD) are applied using the fuzzy matrix theory concepts for the purpose of analysis to bring out the teachers views about the classroom teaching after the pandemic. The effects of classroom teaching after the pandemic among the students are obtained by using concept of average and standard deviation (SD) of the real data matrices. In order to do the analysis, collect the responses by circulate the few questionaries’ among teachers through the Google forms. The graphical representations for the responses are obtained

Few techniques of stability analysis for infectious disease employ the compartmental model

The cycle of life includes everything from joy to sorrow to good health to sickness. Most people have had a viral infection at some point in their lives, whether it was a small infections or the flu. It is amazing that a microscopic particle that cannot even be seen under a microscope and cannot even replicate on its own can enter any living creature and use the resources of that life form to create thousands of copies of the virus, some of which can even be fatal to the living species. Understanding the origin, means of prevention, means of control, and attempts at preventative measures are essential in the fight against these illnesses. It is immoral to experiment on infectious diseases, unlike other types of research. On the other hand, mathematical models can reasonably explain how the disease is spreading. This article focuses on few compartmental models and a technique to analyze the infectious disease. The control analysis technique which employ to comprehend how diseases move among the populations and where the controls are required. In this article Routh-Hurwitz criterion is employed to analyze the system of equations

Temporal and Spatial Foraging Activity of Indian Honey Bee (Apis cerana indica F.) at Different Migratory Sites

Migratory beekeeping increases honey production and reduces the feeding costs of stationary beekeeping during longer dearth periods. This study discerns the influence of environmental conditions on the foraging behavior of the Indian honey bee, Apis cerana indica F., at different migratory sites in Southern India. The total number of foraging bees, pollen foraging efficiency, and nectar foraging efficiency were estimated. Furthermore, the influence of environmental factors, including temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and solar radiation, was recorded to identify its impact on the foraging behavior of honey bees. Among the climatic factors, maximum temperature (>30 °C) was the most crucial, negatively affecting bee activity with correlation coefficients of -0.83, -0.34, and -0.33 for outgoing bees, nectar, and pollen collectors, respectively. The relative humidity showed a positive impact on the frequency of worker bees moving out of the hive (r = 0.79), those coming in with nectar (r = 0.27), and pollen (r = 0.29). Rainfall hampered foraging activity, while solar radiation was found to have no significant effect on bee activity. Diurnal variations showed peak activity of bee foragers between 6.00 and 10.00 am. The visits by honey bees were significantly higher at low temperatures, solar radiation, precipitation, and high relative humidity. They made about 90% of their flower visits in the early morning, although plenty of bee flora was available throughout the day. Also, the environmental conditions at different sites strongly influenced the foraging behavior. However, the honey bees still focused their activities on favorable conditions depending on their biology and fixed their daily foraging patterns, improving beekeeping and honey production throughout the year

Anti-Osteoclastic Effect of Zinc Studied in MCF-7 Induced Osteoclastogenesis

Bone which a key structural support of the body, undergoes dynamic micro structural remodelling all over life to control automatic stress and calcium requirement in the body. A number of risk factors including oxidative stress, apoptosis and abnormal intracellular Ca2+ metabolism have been postulated to play a function in the inception and progress of bone osteolysis. Cancer cells establish a tight relationship with the host tissue, secreting factors that stimulate or inhibit bone cells, receiving signals generated from the bone remodelling activity, and displaying some features of bone cells. This interplay between tumour and bone cells alters the physiological bone remodelling, leading to the generation of a vicious cycle that promotes bone metastasis growth. Zinc is one of the most relevant minerals to human health, because of its antioxidant properties. The present study was aimed to investigate protective role of zinc against bone metastasis. In the present study, TRAP positive multinucleated cell count was low compared to CM treated cells. Zinc treatment suppressed MCF-7 induced mRNA levels of cytoplasmic 1 (Nfatc1), TRAP and Cathepsin-K. Hence, it can be concluded that zinc decreases osteoclastogenesis induced by MCF-7 cells. Keywords: Oxidative stress; Metastasis; Bone remodelling; Zinc

TARGETING NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA B WITH CHELATED ZINC COMPOUNDS TOWARDS ANTICANCER DRUG DESIGN

Objective: The objective of the study was to analyse the target-ligand interactions between nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and chelated Zinc compounds and to explore the anticancer drug potential of these ligands by a bio computational approach. Methods: Bioinformatics databases and tools were applied for the study. Three dimensional structure of the target NF-κB was retrieved from Protein Data Bank (PDB). The optimized structures of two chelated Zinc compounds, Zinc acetate and Zinc orotate were taken for docking studies with the target using docking tool AutoDock 4.2. Drug properties of the ligands were further assessed by Molinspiration server. Results: Docking results as predicted by AutoDock and as visualized by PyMol viewer were effective for both the ligands. Comparatively, Zinc orotate showed minimum energy and more interactions with the target. Both the ligands satisfied the Lipinski’s rule of five with zero violations. Conclusion: The findings emphasized the promising role of chelated Zinc compounds as potent drug candidates in anti-cancer drug design against NF-κB