Función inmunitaria y estado redox en el envejecimiento cronológico, prematuro y patológico de ratones

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Fisiología Animal II, leída el 24-07-2014Depto. de Genética, Fisiología y MicrobiologíaFac. de Ciencias BiológicasTRUEunpu

Peripheral immune system and neuroimmune communication impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer´s disease

eurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be understood in the context of the aging of neuroimmune communication. Although the contribution to AD of the immune cells present in the brain is accepted, the role of the peripheral immune system is less well known. The present review examines the behavior and the function and redox state of peripheral immune cells in a triple-transgenic mouse model (3×Tg-AD). These animals develop both beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles with a temporal- and regional-specific profile that closely mimics their development in the human AD brain. We have observed age and sex-related changes in several aspects of behavior and immune cell functions, which demonstrate premature aging. Lifestyle strategies such as physical exercise and environmental enrichment can improve these aspects. We propose that the analysis of the function and redox state of peripheral immune cells can be a useful tool for measuring the progression of AD.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (BFU2008-04336, BFU2011–30336), ISC3 PI10/002831, Research Group of UCM (910379) and the Ministry of Health (RETICEF, RD06/0013/003). I. Mate has a fellowship from the “Gobierno Vasco” (BFI09-52)

Premature immunosenescence in triple-transgenic mice for Alzheimer's disease

[ES]: [Introducción]: En la enfermedad del Alzheimer (EA) se ha comprobado que existe un deterioro en la comunicación neuroinmunoendocrina. Sin embargo, apenas hay estudios a un nivel periférico en esta enfermedad neurodegenerativa, en concreto en lo que respecta a la función inmunitaria. Dado que recientemente se ha establecido que ciertos parámetros de función inmunitaria son marcadores de la velocidad de envejecimiento y pueden predecir la longevidad, el propósito del presente trabajo fue valorar algunas de esas funciones en leucocitos esplénicos de ratones transgénicos para la EA de diversas edades. [Material y métodos]: Se emplearon ratones triple-transgénicos para la EA (3 xTgAD) hembras, así como sus controles no transgénicos (NTg) jóvenes (4 ± 1 meses), adultos (9 ± 1 meses) y maduros (12 ± 1 meses). Se valoraron la quimiotaxis, la actividad citotóxica de las «natural killer» (NK) y la respuesta linfoproliferativa en presencia de los mitógenos concanavalina A y lipopolisacárido en leucocitos esplénicos, funciones que disminuyen al envejecer. Además, se realizó una curva de supervivencia en otro grupo de animales 3 xTgAD y NTg. [Resultados]: En los 3 xTgAD, con respecto a los NTg, la quimiotaxis se encuentra disminuida en todas las edades, mientras que dicha disminución se observa a los 4 y 9 meses en la linfoproliferación y solo en los jóvenes en el caso de la actividad NK. Los 3 xTgAD mostraron una menor supervivencia que los NTg. [Conclusiones]: Los ratones 3 xTgAD presentan una inmunosenescencia prematura, lo que podría explicar su temprana mortalidad. La valoración a nivel periférico de las funciones inmunológicas estudiadas podría ser un indicador del desarrollo de la enfermedad de Alzheimer.[EN]: [Introduction]: A deterioration of the neuroimmunoendocrine network has been observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the peripheral immune response has hardly been investigated in this pathology. Since some immune function parameters have been established as good markers of the rate of ageing, and can predict longevity, the aim of the present work was to study some of these functions in splenic leucocytes in transgenic mice for AD of different ages. [Material and methods]: Young female (4 ± 1 months), adult (9 ± 1 months), and mature (12 ± 1 months) triple-transgenic mice for AD (3 xTgAD) and non-transgenic (NTg) control mice of the same ages were used. The chemotaxis, the anti-tumour activity of «natural killer» (NK) cells and the lymphoproliferative response in the presence of the mitogens concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide, functions that decrease with age, were determined in splenic leucocytes. In addition, the differences in lifespan between 3 xTgAD and NTg were studied in parallel using other animals, until their death through natural causes. [Results]: In 3 xTgAD, with respect to NTg, chemotaxis decreased at all ages studied, whereas in lymphoproliferative response this reduction was shown at 4 months and 9 months. NK activity was diminished only in young 3 xTgAD with respect to NTg. The 3 xTgAD showed a shorter lifespan than the NTg control group. [Conclusions]: The 3 xTgAD mice show a premature immunosenescence, which could explain their early mortality. The determination of these immune functions at peripheral level could serve as a marker of the progression of the Alzheimer's disease.Peer reviewe