Transport Properties in Ferromagnetic Josephson Junction between Triplet Superconductors

Charge and spin Josephson currents in a ballistic superconductor-ferromagnet-superconductor junction with spin-triplet pairing symmetry are studied using the quasiclassical Eilenberger equation. The gap vector of superconductors has an arbitrary relative angle with respect to magnetization of the ferromagnetic layer. We clarify the effects of the thickness of ferromagnetic layer and magnitude of the magnetization on the Josephson charge and spin currents. We find that 0-\pi transition can occur except for the case that the exchange field and d-vector are in nearly perpendicular configuration. We also show how spin current flows due to misorientation between the exchange field and d-vector.Comment: 6 pages, 8 figure

Spin polarized transport in the weak-link between ff-wave superconductors

The spin current in the Josephson junction as a weak link (interface) between misorientated triplet superconductors is investigated theoretically for the models of the order parameter in $UPt_{3}$. Green functions of the system are obtained from the quasiclassical Eilenberger equations. The analytical results for the charge and spin currents are illustrated by numerical calculations for the certain misorientation angles of gap vector of superconductors. As the main result of this paper, it is found that, at some values of the phase difference, at which the charge current is exactly zero, the spin current has its maximum value. Furthermore, it is shown that the origin of spin current is the misorientation between gap vectors of triplet superconductors.Comment: 7pages, 9 figure

Stationary Josephson effect in a weak-link between nonunitary triplet superconductors

A stationary Josephson effect in a weak-link between misorientated nonunitary triplet superconductors is investigated theoretically. The non-self-consistent quasiclassical Eilenberger equation for this system has been solved analytically. As an application of this analytical calculation, the current-phase diagrams are plotted for the junction between two nonunitary bipolar $f-$wave superconducting banks. A spontaneous current parallel to the interface between superconductors has been observed. Also, the effect of misorientation between crystals on the Josephson and spontaneous currents is studied. Such experimental investigations of the current-phase diagrams can be used to test the pairing symmetry in the above-mentioned superconductors.Comment: 6 pages and 6 figure

Effect of point-contact transparency on coherent mixing of Josephson and transport supercurrents

The influence of electron reflection on dc Josephson effect in a ballistic point contact with transport current in the banks is considered theoretically. The effect of finite transparency on the vortex-like currents near the contact and at the phase difference $\phi =\pi ,$ which has been predicted recently \cite{KOSh}, is investigated. We show that at low temperatures even a small reflection on the contact destroys the mentioned vortex-like current states, which can be restored by increasing of the temperature.Comment: 6 pages, 8 Figures, Latex Fil

Signatures of d-Wave Symmetry on Thermal Dirac Fermions in Graphene-Based F/I/d Junctions

We study theoretically the behavior of thermal massless Dirac fermions inside graphene-based Ferromagnetic/Insulator/d-wave (s-wave) superconductor (F/I/d and F/I/S) junctions in the ballistic regime. Using the Dirac-BdG wave functions within the three regions and appropriate boundary conditions, the Andreev and Normal reflection coefficients are derived. By employing the obtained Andreev and Normal reflection coefficients the characteristics of heat current through the F/I/d and F/I/S junctions are investigated within the thin barrier approximation. We find that for s-wave superconductors, thermal conductance oscillates sinusoidally vs barrier strength. The finding persist for the values of $\alpha$, the orientation of d-wave superconductor crystal in the $k$-space, below $\pi/4$. By increasing temperature, the thermal conductance is increased exponentially for small values of $\alpha$ and for larger values the quantity is modified to exhibit a linear behavior at $\alpha=\pi/4$ which is similar to Wiedemann-Franz law for metals in low temperatures.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure

Compassion development in higher education

Many schools of psychology and religious studies intend to promote the cultivation of compassion. Compassion is currently an integral area of study in psychology, religious studies, and higher education, specifically in faith-based higher education. While secular universities in the United States strive to generate disciplinary-based knowledge through scholarship, their ability to promote students\u27 use of the information they are learning to create positive social change has typically lagged. Conscious of the magnitude of today\u27s global issues and dissatisfied with the current disparity between the world\u27s reality and university curricula, scholars have begun to re-imagine the role of higher education in forming the leaders who will face our most exigent problems. The present article reviews how compassion can be integrated into university curriculum, specifically in faith-based institutions. The article also discusses how compassion can be measured throughout the course of undergraduates\u27 careers

Attraction and diffusion in nature-inspired optimization algorithms

Nature-inspired algorithms usually use some form of attraction and diffusion as a mechanism for exploitation and exploration. In this paper, we investigate the role of attraction and diffusion in algorithms and their ways in controlling the behaviour and performance of nature-inspired algorithms. We highlight different ways of the implementations of attraction in algorithms such as the firefly algorithm, charged system search, and the gravitational search algorithm. We also analyze diffusion mechanisms such as random walks for exploration in algorithms. It is clear that attraction can be an effective way for enhancing exploitation, while diffusion is a common way for exploration. Furthermore, we also discuss the role of parameter tuning and parameter control in modern metaheuristic algorithms, and then point out some key topics for further research