Using Datamining Techniques to Help Metaheuristics: A Short Survey

International audienceHybridizing metaheuristic approaches becomes a common way to improve the efficiency of optimization methods. Many hybridizations deal with the combination of several optimization methods. In this paper we are interested in another type of hybridization, where datamining approaches are combined within an optimization process. Hence, we propose to study the interest of combining metaheuristics and datamining through a short survey that enumerates the different opportunities of such combinations based on literature examples

Data on CaO and eggshell catalysts used for biodiesel production

This researchinvestigatedtheproductionofbiodieselfromsoy- bean oil(transesterification process)usingpurecalciumoxideand calcium oxideobtainedfromeggshellasheterogeneouscatalysts. Uncalcinedeggshellandcalcinedeggshellcatalystsproducedwere analysedusingXRFandXRDspectrometers.Theprocessingpara- meters consideredduringthetransesterification ofthesoybean weremethanol/oilmoleratio,catalystconcentrationandreaction time andtheireffectsonbiodieselyieldwereevaluated.Reaction temperatureof60 °C andstirringrateof450rpm(revolutionper minute) werekeptconstant.Asaresultofcalcination,XRFanalysis revealedanincreaseinCaOpercentagecompositionofeggshell catalystfrom96%to97%.Also,thebiodieselyieldsobtained revealedsimilarperformancepatternsforboththecalcinedegg- shell catalystandthepureCaOcatalys

Dyonic BIon black hole in string inspired model

We construct static and spherically symmetric particle-like and black hole solutions with magnetic and/or electric charge in the Einstein-Born-Infeld-dilaton-axion system, which is a generalization of the Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton-axion (EMDA) system and of the Einstein-Born-Infeld (EBI) system. They have remarkable properties which are not seen for the corresponding solutions in the EMDA and the EBI system.Comment: 13 pages, 15 figures, Final version in PR

The effect of cross-contamination in the sequential interfacial polymerization on the RO performance of polyamide bilayer membranes

International audienceIn this study, hexafluoroalcohol-containing polyamide layer (HFAPA) was prepared on top of a conventional polyamide under-layer (REFPA) via sequential interfacial polymerization (SIP) to improve RO separation behavior, and the performance of the resulting bilayer membrane was thoroughly optimized by investigating the effect of cross-contamination in the SIP process. When several coupons of the polyamide bilayer membrane were prepared by SIP of MPD(aq), TMC(hx) and hexafluoroalcohol-containing diamine (HFAMDA)(aq) in the manner of subsequent membrane dipping, unreacted MPD monomer (mostly captured in the porous PSF support) carried over from the 1st interfacial reaction dissolved and accumulated in the 2nd aqueous solution as verified by UV spectroscopic analysis. The MPD contaminant then participated in the 2nd interfacial reaction, forming copolyamide with HFAMDA monomer onto the REFPA. Depending on the amount of MPD contaminant accumulated in the 2nd aqueous solution, the composition of the resulting co-polyamide in the top-layer varied, causing a significant variation of RO performance; the flux was gradually decreased with the increase of MPD contaminants while the salt rejection slightly increased (from 1st coupon toward 4th coupon). This result indicated that a trace amount of MPD contaminant may be necessary to maximize RO separation behavior. Through in-depth performance evaluation of polyamide bilayer membranes prepared by adding various known-amount of MPD into 2nd HFAMDA solution, and also by applying a frame process (2nd amine solution was applied only top surface of membrane) to eliminate uncontrollable MPD contamination, we have successfully demonstrated consistent RO performance, and identified an optimum material composition to provide superior separation performance. The bilayer membrane prepared by adding 1.2 mol% of MPD to the total amount of HFAMDA in the 2nd aqueous solution showed 99.8% NaCl rejection with the water flux of 45 LMH under the cross-flow filtration performed with 2000 ppm NaCl solution at 400 psi, 25 °C

Production of Biodiesel from Soybean Oil Using Calcium Oxide and Cow Bone as Catalysts

Biodiesel was produced from the transesterification of soybean oil using calcium oxide and cow bone (an animal waste bone that contains hydroxyapatite, a calcium phosphate mineral) as heterogeneous catalysts. The soybean oil used was characterized using gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GCMS) and the cow bone catalyst produced was characterized using X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer. The effects of the variation of methanol/oil mole ratio (9–15), catalyst concentration (10–20 wt/wt%) and reaction temperature (55–65 °C) on biodiesel yield during the transesterification of soybean oil with methanol was investigated. Reaction time of 3 hours and stirring rate of 500 rpm were kept constant. It was observed that the calcination of cow bone catalyst (at 800 °C) enhanced its conversion to apatite [Ca5(PO4)3OH] and increased the yield of biodiesel obtained. Biodiesel yield results revealed an optimum condition of methanol/oil mole ratio of 9, catalyst concentration of 15 wt/wt% and reaction temperature of 55 °C. Also, the results obtained showed that the performance trends of the two catalysts used were similar. And the close values of highest biodiesel yields obtained when the two heterogenous catalysts were used separately (yields of 94.8 and 92.2% using calcium oxide and calcined cow bone catalysts respectively) implies that the use of low-cost and readily available calcined cow bone catalyst is a promising alternative to CaO catalyst

Managing toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: consensus recommendations from the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) Toxicity Management Working Group.

Cancer immunotherapy has transformed the treatment of cancer. However, increasing use of immune-based therapies, including the widely used class of agents known as immune checkpoint inhibitors, has exposed a discrete group of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Many of these are driven by the same immunologic mechanisms responsible for the drugs\u27 therapeutic effects, namely blockade of inhibitory mechanisms that suppress the immune system and protect body tissues from an unconstrained acute or chronic immune response. Skin, gut, endocrine, lung and musculoskeletal irAEs are relatively common, whereas cardiovascular, hematologic, renal, neurologic and ophthalmologic irAEs occur much less frequently. The majority of irAEs are mild to moderate in severity; however, serious and occasionally life-threatening irAEs are reported in the literature, and treatment-related deaths occur in up to 2% of patients, varying by ICI. Immunotherapy-related irAEs typically have a delayed onset and prolonged duration compared to adverse events from chemotherapy, and effective management depends on early recognition and prompt intervention with immune suppression and/or immunomodulatory strategies. There is an urgent need for multidisciplinary guidance reflecting broad-based perspectives on how to recognize, report and manage organ-specific toxicities until evidence-based data are available to inform clinical decision-making. The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) established a multidisciplinary Toxicity Management Working Group, which met for a full-day workshop to develop recommendations to standardize management of irAEs. Here we present their consensus recommendations on managing toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy

Waist–Hip Ratio and Breast Cancer Risk in Urbanized Nigerian Women

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between waist–hip ratio and the risk of breast cancer in an urban Nigerian population. Methods: Between March 1998 and August 2000, we conducted a case–control study of hospital-based breast cancer patients (n = 234) and population-based controls (n = 273) using nurse interviewers in urban Southwestern Nigeria. Results: Multivariable logistic regression showed a significant association between the highest tertile of waist–hip ratio and the risk of breast cancer (odds ratio= 2.67, 95% confidence interval = 1.05–6.80) among postmenopausal women. No association was found in premenopausal women. Conclusion: The present study, the first in an indigenous African population, supports other studies that have shown a positive association between obesity and breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women

Duality covariant non-BPS first order systems

We study extremal black hole solutions to four dimensional N=2 supergravity based on a cubic symmetric scalar manifold. Using the coset construction available for these models, we define the first order flow equations implied by the corresponding nilpotency conditions on the three-dimensional scalar momenta for the composite non-BPS class of multi-centre black holes. As an application, we directly solve these equations for the single-centre subclass, and write the general solution in a manifestly duality covariant form. This includes all single-centre under-rotating non-BPS solutions, as well as their non-interacting multi-centre generalisations.Comment: 31 pages, v2: Discussion of the quadratic constraint clarified, references added, typos corrected, published versio