Cholecystectomy: Long term effect on serum lipid profile and Vitamin D

Background: The association between cholecystectomy and abnormal lipids and later increase in the risk of diseases related to dyslipidemia showed controversial results. This study aims to evaluate the association of lipid profile and Vitamin D level before and after cholecystectomy. Materials and Methods: Ninety-eight patients with symptomatic gallstones were studied prospectively. Plasma concentration of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL and vitamin D was analyzed preoperatively and postoperatively after six months of cholecystectomy. None of the patients received any lipid-lowering drug or dietary restriction. Results: Sixty-seven (68.4%) female and 31 (31.6%) male patients were studied for six months. There was a significant increase in total serum cholesterol besides a significant decrease in vitamin D and HDL serum level after six months. Also, there was a non-significant increase in the serum level of LDL and triglyceride. In stone based sub analysis the same results achieved. Conclusion: There was a significant decrease in plasma concentration of vitamin D and HDL and the significant increase in cholesterol , triglyceride, and LDL in cholecystectomy patients postoperatively. These changes in plasma lipids and Vitamin D are likely to have a significant effect on the development of different disease related to dyslipidemia such as coronary artery disease and low bone density after cholecystectomy in the long term. &nbsp

Benefit Assessment of Low-Fat Diet in Patients Undergone Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Background and Aims: This Gastrointestinal complications are common after cholecystectomy (open and laparoscopy), including anorexia, heartburn, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, flatulence and abdominal distension, and diarrhea. Currently use of low-fat regimen is suggested. The purpose was to determine the benefit of low-fat diet in patients undergone cholecystectomy.Materials and Methods: In this interventional study that was done as a randomized clinical trial, 80 consecutive patients undergone cholecystectomy in Loghman Hospital in 2019 were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either low-fat (25%) or routine regimen. After two months, the results were assessed by comparing the responses to a questionnaire including anorexia, heartburn, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, flatulence plus abdominal distension, and diarrhea as items, with total score of 21 points. Results: The results in this study demonstrated that 60% of the patients showed significantly different response according to Chi-Square test (P=0.041). Age, sex, and obesity had statistically significant effect on results (P > 0.05).Conclusion: Altogether, according to the obtained results, it may be concluded that low-fat diet consumption is beneficial in patients undergone cholecystectomy and it may be practiced according to the patient’s condition and physician’s opinion

Management of oral secretions in neurological disease.

Sialorrhoea is a common and problematic symptom that arises from a range of neurological conditions associated with bulbar or facial muscle dysfunction. Drooling can significantly affect quality of life due to both physical complications such as oral chapping, and psychological complications such as embarrassment and social isolation. Thicker, tenacious oral and pharyngeal secretions may result from the drying management approach to sialorrhoea. The management of sialorrhoea in neurological diseases depends on the underlying pathology and severity of symptoms. Interventions include anticholinergic drugs, salivary gland-targeted radiotherapy, salivary gland botulinum toxin and surgical approaches. The management of thick secretions involves mainly conservative measures such as pineapple juice as a lytic agent, cough assist, saline nebulisers and suctioning or mucolytic drugs like carbocisteine. Despite a current lack of evidence and variable practice, management of sialorrhoea should form a part of the multidisciplinary approach needed for long-term neurological conditions

Role of MAGI2-AS3 in malignant and non-malignant disorders

MAGI2 Antisense RNA 3 (MAGI2-AS3) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) transcribed from a locus on 7q21.11. This lncRNA has been described to be abnormally expressed in a variety of malignancies in correlation with many clinical characteristics. Moreover, it might participate in the pathogenesis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia, Alzheimer's disease and intervertebral disc degeneration. Mechanistically, MAGI2-AS3 can serve as a molecular sponge for miR-142-3p, miR-424-5p, miR-15b, miR-233, miR-452-5p, miR-629-5p, miR-25, miR-155, miR-23a-3p, miR-519c-3p, miR-374b-5p, miR-374a, miR-31-5p, miR-3163, miR-525-5p, miR-15-5p, miR-374a-5p, miR-374b-5p, miR-218-5p, miR-141-3p and miR-200a-3p to regulate expression of their mRNA targets. The current review summarizes the role of MAGI2-AS3 in different disorders to highlight its importance in their pathophysiology

Association Between rs217727 and rs2839698 H19 Polymorphisms and Obesity

Abstract Obesity is a worldwide health problem with an increasing trend. This condition has a significant genetic background. H19 lncRNA has been shown to protect from dietary obesity through decreasing levels of monoallelic genes in brown fat. In the current study, we aimed to find the association between two possibly functional H19 polymorphisms, namely rs217727 and rs2839698 and obesity in Iranian population. These polymorphisms have been shown to affect risk of some obesity-related conditions in different populations. The study included 414 obese cases and 392 controls. Notably, both rs2839698 and rs217727 were associated with obesity in the allelic model as well as all supposed inheritance models. In addition, after adjustment for gender, all P values remained significant. For rs2839698, the OR (95% CI) for T allele vs. C allele was 3.29 (2.67–4.05) ( P -value < 0.0001). In the co-dominant model, both TT and CT genotypes were found to confer risk of obesity compared with CC genotype (OR (95% CI)= 14.02 (8.39–23.43) and 9.45 (6.36–14.04), respectively). Similarly, combination of TT and CT genotypes had an OR (95% CI) = 10.32 (7.03–15.17) when compared with CC genotype. For rs217727, the T allele was found to exert a protective effect (OR (95% CI) = 0.6 (0.48–0.75)). Moreover, in the co-dominant model, OR (95% CI) values for TT and TC genotypes vs. CC genotype were 0.23 (0.11–0.46) and 0.65 (0.49–0.87), respectively. Taken together, H19 polymorphisms may affect risk of obesity in Iranian population. It is necessary to conduct functional studies to confirm a causal relationship between the rs217727 and rs2839698 polymorphisms and obesity

Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of microRNAs-based therapies for treatment of disorders.

miRNAs represent appropriate candidates for treatment of several disorders. However, safe and efficient delivery of these small-sized transcripts has been challenging. Nanoparticle-based delivery of miRNAs has been used for treatment of a variety of disorders, particularly cancers as well as ischemic stroke and pulmonary fibrosis. The wide range application of this type of therapy is based on the important roles of miRNAs in the regulation of cell behavior in physiological and pathological conditions. Besides, the ability of miRNAs to inhibit or increase expression of several genes gives them the superiority over mRNA or siRNA-based therapies. Preparation of nanoparticles for miRNA delivery is mainly achieved through using protocols originally developed for drugs or other types of biomolecules. In brief, nanoparticle-based delivery of miRNAs is regarded as a solution for overcoming all challenges in the therapeutic application of miRNAs. Herein, we provide an overview of studies which used nanoparticles as delivery systems for facilitation of miRNAs entry into target cells for the therapeutic purposes. However, our knowledge about miRNA-loaded nanoparticles is limited, and it is expected that numerous therapeutic possibilities will be revealed for miRNA-loaded nanoparticles in future

The Study of Historical Origins and Architectural Structure of Crypt-like-Tombs Family (Lahad) in Khoramabad

The family crypt in the main cemetery of Khoramabad, which is also known as Khizr, located in province of Lorestan demonstrates a kind of funeral which is especially related to paternal members. This model of burial was dated back to historical era in Iran and it has probably rooted in Zoroastrian tradition. Nonetheless, there is very few information about the method of burial in the secondary materials and people do not have enough information and detail in this regard. However, the necessity of this research is relevant. With respect to such importance the main questions which is needed to be researched are when did construction of Lahad start in Khoramabad and what was its social implementation, and on which basis its structural architecture was constructed. In order to reach at justified results, this research utilizes an investigation in secondary sources and field work and identification of available Lahads in cemetery of Khoramabad as well as a tour trip to different cities in Lorestan and Khozistan for further exploration. Then, an analysis of data with a chart of Lahads of Khizr has carried out to compile this article. This research with the help of field work aims to shed light on the origins of Lahad tradition and its social implementation and characteristics of its architectural structure. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n4p27

Drooling quantification: correlation of different techniques

Drooling is the unintentional flow of saliva out of the mouth, a condition that can lead to physical and psychological consequences in children and adults alike. Different attempts have been made to eliminate or reduce drooling; these include both non-invasive and invasive techniques. However, since there are no standardized and satisfactory tools to quantify drooling, the effectiveness of the current approaches can be difficult to measure at times. The purpose of this study is to address the need for obtaining a useful and accurate method to assess drooling reduction. This thesis aims to evaluate the association between different techniques for drooling measurements. Using a prospectively collected database from a cohort of one hundred and fifty five participants, a comparison of the following three measurements was made to assess the level of correlation between them: 1- Drooling Quotient (DQ) (performed in two ten-minute sessions by a researcher), 2- Drooling Severity and Frequency Scale (DSFS) (as judged by parents or caregivers) 3- Number of bib changes (as perceived by parents or care givers). The results showed that there is a high level of agreement between the Drooling Quotient and Drooling Severity and Frequency Scale. However, the Drooling Quotient and number of bib changes did not show significant correlation implying that the Drooling Quotient may not be reflective of the number of bib changes. The estimated association between the objective DQ and subjective DSFS was high, which implied that the more-easily-obtained DSFS might be used to guide clinical decisions regarding treatment of drooling. It is recommended that the validity and reliability of this result be verified in larger studies.Le bavage se définit par l’écoulement involontaire de salive buccale, une condition ayant des implications physiques et psychologiques chez les enfants et les adultes. Différentes tentatives ont été menées afin d’éliminer ou de réduire le bavage, notamment à l’aide de techniques non-invasives et invasives. Cependant, vu qu’il n'existe pas d'outil standardisé et satisfaisant pour mesurer l’écoulement de salive, l'efficacité des approches actuelles peut être difficile à évaluer. Le but de cette étude est de remédier à la nécessité d'obtenir une méthode précise et pratique pour évaluer la réduction de bavage. Notre but est d’évaluer l'association entre différentes techniques pour mesurer le bavage.Une étude de cohorte prospective a été menée avec cent cinquante-cinq participants afin de comparer trois mesures de bavage, notamment : 1- le Quotient de Bavage (QB) (réalisé en deux sessions de dix minutes par un chercheur), 2 - la Mesure d’Intensité et de Fréquence de Bavage (MIFB) (selon les parents ou les soignants) 3 - le nombre de changements de bavoirs (tel que perçue par les parents ou les soignants). Une comparaison des trois mesures a été faite pour évaluer le degré de corrélation entre eux.Les résultats montrent qu'il y a une forte corrélation entre la Mesure d’Intensité et de Fréquence de Bavage (MIFB) et le Quotient de Bavage (QB), ce qui signifie qu'ils peuvent être utilisés de manière interchangeable. Toutefois, le Quotient de Bavage et le nombre de changements de bavettes ne semblent pas être corrélés de manière significative, ce qui suggère que le Quotient de Bavage ne reflète pas nécessairement le nombre de changements de bavettes. La corrélation estimée entre le Quotient de Bavage (QB) objectif et la Mesure d’Intensité et de Fréquence de Bavage (MIFB) est élevée, ce qui implique que la Mesure d’Intensité et de Fréquence de Bavage (MIFB), qui est plus facile à mesurer, devrait être utilisée afin d’informer les décisions cliniques visant à traiter l’écoulement de salive excessif. Il est recommandé de vérifier la validité et fiabilité de ce résultat à travers des études de plus grande ampleur