Cooling Performance of a Novel Circulatory Flow Concentric Multi-Channel Heat Sink with Nanofluids

Heat rejection from electronic devices such as processors necessitates a high heat removal rate. The present study focuses on liquid-cooled novel heat sink geometry made from four channels (width 4 mm and depth 3.5 mm) configured in a concentric shape with alternate flow passages (slot of 3 mm gap). In this study, the cooling performance of the heat sink was tested under simulated controlled conditions.The lower bottom surface of the heat sink was heated at a constant heat flux condition based on dissipated power of 50 W and 70 W. The computations were carried out for different volume fractions of nanoparticles, namely 0.5% to 5%, and water as base fluid at a flow rate of 30 to 180 mL/min. The results showed a higher rate of heat rejection from the nanofluid cooled heat sink compared with water. The enhancement in performance was analyzed with the help of a temperature difference of nanofluid outlet temperature and water outlet temperature under similar operating conditions. The enhancement was ~2% for 0.5% volume fraction nanofluids and ~17% for a 5% volume fraction

Role of ICT in Higher Education in Global Era

Information and communication technologies (ICT) have become commonplace entities in all aspects of life. In the 21st century world is moving rapidly into digital media and information, so the role of ICT in education is very important .Higher education in the country is experiencing a major transformation in terms of access, equity and quality. ICT helps to share availability of best practices and best course material in education. ICT based education causes changes in the educational objectives in the conception of the teaching and learning process. In this regard the paper addresses the integration of ICTs in various aspects of higher education in the present scenario

The role of “hybrid external fixation” and MIPO in the management of proximal tibia fracture

The goal of this study is to explore the significant issues that are linked with “Proximal tibia fractures” in the area of orthopaedic trauma therapy. More precisely, the purpose is to assess the effectiveness of “hybrid external fixation” with “minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO)”. This research examines the molecular and biomechanical complexities that are linked to different therapies. Both the content and procedures were approached systematically, including the synthesis of data from randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, and meta-analyses. These data were assessed by field specialists. The findings and remarks provide insight into an intricate storyline, indicating that hybrid fixation and MIPO exhibit similar efficacy in terms of fracture reduction and union rates. Additionally, they emphasise the potential of MIPO to expedite functional recovery. Several surgical methods, including open reduction and internal fixation, were investigated, with the primary focus being on patient-centred results. The result emphasises the need for individualised treatments that strike a balance between the negative effects of quick stability and infection risks and the positive effects of little disturbance to soft tissue and a more rapid recovery.&nbsp

Reflection of National Education Policy of India 2020 in the Cartoons of R. K. Laxman

R K Laxman Rasipuram Krishna swamy Laxman was born on 24 October 1921 in Mysore and died on 26 January 2015 in Pune India He is called the king of cartoons since he gave India s Common Man a voice No one skipped from his cheerful criticism not even his signature character Common Man The researcher calls him prophet as many predictions what he criticized he depicted in his cartoons are envisaged in 2020 though he died in 2015 As a school going boy Laxman did not like the school and study He mentioned this in his autography The Tunnel of Time that how arid and dreary were school days as some unpleasant events were related with his school time and school teachers So he strongly anticipates the changes in the Education Policy through his cartoons He raised the questions either wittily or humorously about school teachers and students It ironically manifests lacunas in Education System of Indi

Pharmaceutico-Analytical study of Kushtakuthara Rasa prepared according to the reference of Bhaishajya Ratnavalli

Majority of the population is suffering from different types of skin disorders in which the treatment protocols are by palliative means thereby leading to its reoccurrence. There are many formulations mentioned for a particular kind of skin disorder and Kushtakuthara Rasa plays an important role in this scenario as it is indicated for all kinds of skin ailments there by necessitating its need for research. Kushtakuthara Rasa was prepared according to the reference of Bhaishajya Ratnavalli, other methods adopted were Shodana of Parada, Gandhaka, Guggulu, Shilajatu, Tamra, Loha and Abhraka, Preparation of Kajjali and Rasasindhura, Marana of Tamra, Loha and Abhraka. Preparation of Kushtakuthara Rasa was done by preparing it in the form of Churna and Vati. Analytical parameters like organoleptic characters, Physico-chemical analysis and Instrumental analysis was done for Kushtakuthara Rasa (Churna), Hand rolled pills, Market Sample, Bhasmas and Rasasindhura. Organoleptic characters of prepared Kushtakuthara Rasa (Churna), Hand rolled pills and Market sample varied significantly. Physico-chemical analysis also differed. SEM-EDX of Metallic Churnas, Bhasmas, Kushtakuthara Rasa and Market sample showed the weight and atomic percentage of elements present, its particle size and image. Bhasmas showed the presence of oxygen, FTIR of the 3 samples showed the presence of Organic bonds, XRD of Kushtakuthara Rasa (Churna) showed the presence of elements and bonds, AAS of Rasasindhura showed the presence of Mercury

Evaluation of Posteromedial Talus Taken Fracture

A complete investigation of the complicated world of posteromedial talus fractures, which are characterised by numerous anatomical subtleties and biomechanical complexity, is presented in this work. The study highlights the need to develop more sophisticated diagnostic and treatment techniques by focusing on the low incidence of these conditions, which have a significant influence on clinical practice. A systematic review technique is used in this work, which encompasses notable databases spanning the years 2000 to 2023. The purpose of this study is to synthesise current secondary research in order to shed light on diagnostic problems and treatment solutions. In the literature review, the lack of large-scale prospective research is highlighted, and the need of a complete categorization system that takes into account both anatomical and biomechanical characteristics is emphasised. In preoperative planning and postoperative evaluation, diagnostic technologies, particularly computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are shown to be crucial, therefore permitting early treatments. Fracture patterns, soft tissue involvement, and concomitant injuries all play a role in determining the treatment options that are used. It has been shown that surgical procedures, such as arthroscopy, have the potential to treat intra-articular fractures. In order to determine the most appropriate therapy, it is necessary to take into account the delicate equilibrium that exists between the preservation of joints and the repair of anatomical structures

Quality standards of Palasha Kshara Gritha with reference to different vessels

This article attempts to clear the dogma that exists in the preparation of Kshara Ghrita with reference to its critical final stage of Siddhi Laxanas. Palasha Kshara Ghrita (PKG) prepared from the Kshara of Palasha (Grewia asiatica) mentioned in Rasa Tarangini, which is indicated in the treatment of Granthi (tumor) is taken for the study. The present article is an extract of all the observations made during the pharmaceutical study of PKG. All these observations will be of great help when we go for large scale production. The study has tried to establish the ratios of Dravadravyas with Kshara, besides addressing the type of vessels appropriate in such preparations. After preparation of sample in different vessels, these were subjected to analytical study using relevant analytical parameters to find out any difference. During pharmaceutical process Copper vessel was found appropriate on the lines of pharmaceutical preparations. The analytical report of samples reveals no much difference in the parameter findings except pH of PKG 7.00, 9.91 and 9.46 in the vessels such as copper, iron and mud pot respectively. The particle size of Kshara was in between 429.7 to 667 nm under 15.00KV magnification 7.5 KX and EDAX report of Phalasha Kshara under 400 µm potassium Wt% 40.05 and Oxygen is Wt% 39.12. Under 50 µm potassium Wt% 48.91 and Oxygen Wt% 33.40. Under 70 µm potassium Wt% 27.90 and Oxygen Wt% 37.78. As per this study copper vessel is found better for PKG than Iron and Mud pot for assessment of end process and also on analytical paramete

Comparitive clinical study on the effect of Mahatriphaladi Ghrita Tarpana and Jeevantyadi Ghrita Tarpana in Parathama Patalagata Timira w.r.t. Keratoconus

Keratonus is one of the important causes of progressive myopia and its incidence is 1 in 500 worldwide. Keratoconus is a degenerative disorder of the eye in which structural changes within the cornea cause it to thin and change to a more conical shape than the more normal gradual curve. Keratoconus typically starts at puberty as a progressive myopia causing substantial distortion of vision and marked astigmatism rapidly. This results in significant visual impairment leading to problems in doing routine works like driving and reading. Only temporary measures like Contact lenses and Surgery are available. In Ayurvedic terms, it can be correlated with Prathama Patalagata Timira. As Tarpana is considered to be supreme among all the Kriyakalpas in treating timira, it has been selected for the study. Giving due importance to the doshas and the site of pathology involved, Jeevantyadi Ghrita and Mahatriphaladi Ghrita are selected. Hence a clinical study has been done to compare the efficacies of Mahatriphaladi ghrita tarpana and Jeevantyadi Ghrita tarpana in Keratoconus

Conceptual review of Ghrita w.s.r. to its Medhya Karma

“Ghrita” obtained from Ksheera and Dadhi is considered to be Snehottama, having many good effects on human body and mind. One among being the Medhya Karma which is considered to be power of grasping and retention. Ghrita is being considered as Ajasrika Rasayana can be consumed on daily basis, therefore nourishing the Saptadhatu and Ojas which is important for proper functioning of body and mind. The effects are said to increase many folds when processed with other specified Dravyas. Ghrita is also known best for its Medhya Karma where the fat crosses the blood brain barrier thus helps in better absorption of Dravyas which will help in improving the higher mental functions