Introduction of Dual Education in Ukrainian Higher Educational Establishments and Approaches to Estimation of its Economic Benefits

The article describes current state of dual education introduction in Ukraine. This model aims at deepening cooperation of educational institutions and employers, as well as advancing youth economic competitiveness in the changing due to 4.0 Industry labor market. The main characteristics and advantages of dual programs are presented. International approaches to costing economic benefits of dual programs for the parties that can be integrated into Ukrainian practices are also outlined

Coberturas ligeras, habitabilidad y cohesión social en áreas de recreación pública del distrito de Miraflores – Lima - Perú 2022

Los espacios de recreación pública cada vez son menos utilizados, siendo reemplazados por espacios privados como los ofertados en los centros comerciales, esto ha acelerado el abandono progresivo de los mismos, convirtiéndolos en espacios donde prolifera la delincuencia y la drogadicción incrementando la inseguridad ciudadana. Es por ello que, revitalizar estos espacios ayudara a la cohesión social. Adicionalmente a esta problemática se suma el hecho que los niveles de radiación condicionan a que los diseños contemplen mayores áreas sombreadas. Por lo que, el objetivo del estudio es evaluar los impactos de la propuesta de incorporación de coberturas ligeras en espacios de Recreación pública en relación a las condiciones de habitabilidad, incremento público y cohesión social; como parte de un proceso metodológico de diseño en el Distrito de Miraflores. La metodología empleada contempla la entrevista a expertos, encuestas a usuarios en tres momentos, y la relación con el COVID; relevamiento de fichas de observación; así como aspectos teóricos. En base a los resultados se determinó la necesidad de incorporar coberturas ligeras en el 50% de parques de la zona 1, que presentan poca protección por arborización e incrementar de los niveles de iluminación; determinándose una metodología de diseño de espacios adaptabl

Aproximación al conflicto social, desde el bloqueo de carreteras y la cultura aimara: Caso departamento de Puno.

On December 7, 2022, former President Pedro Castillo announces the temporary closure of Congress, without the support of the armed forces, institutions, or citizens, resulting in a presidential vacancy due to “permanent moral incapacity” and his arrest. Part of the population considers that the vacancy and the arrest of the former president were not carried out following due process, which exacerbates the mood, producing demonstrations that translate into road blockades, burning of institutional premises among other disturbances; with a balance of more than 60 deaths. This article aims to make an approach to understand why there are greater conflicts in the Puno region than in the rest of the country and to what extent these social conflicts and road blockages are related to the fact of the presence of the Aymara culture, historical factors, HDI or even to external or external factors. sector interests. For this purpose, the qualitative approach of documentary design and official data was used for the analysis; determining the relationship between the factors indicated with the highest concentration of protests. This approach is part of the ongoing research regarding social conflicts in Puno. [1] Aimara People (Aymara), an indigenous people that covers the high plateau area of the departments of Puno, Moquegua and Tacna in Peru, as well as a presence in Argentina, Bolivia and Chile. [2]   Human development index, an indicator that measures progress, used since 1990 by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP).El 7 de diciembre del 2022, el expresidente Pedro Castillo anunció el cierre temporal del Congreso, sin el apoyo de las Fuerzas Armadas, instituciones, ni de la ciudadanía, produciendo como consecuencia la vacancia presidencial por “permanente incapacidad moral” y su detención. Parte de la población considera que la vacancia y la detención del ex presidente no se realizaron siguiendo el debido proceso, lo que exacerba los ánimos, produciendo manifestaciones que se traducen en bloqueos de carreteras, quema de locales institucionales entre otros disturbios; con un saldo de más de 60 fallecidos. El presente artículo pretende realizar una aproximación para comprender el por qué se producen mayores conflictos en la región Puno, que en el resto del país y en qué medida estos conflictos sociales y el bloqueo de carreteras guarda alguna relación al hecho de la presencia de la cultura aimara[1] , factores históricos, IDH[2] o inclusive a factores externos o intereses de sectores. Para ello se utilizó el enfoque cualitativo de diseño documental y data oficial para el análisis; determinando la relación entre los factores señalados con la mayor concentración de protestas. La presente aproximación forma parte de la investigación en curso referente a los conflictos sociales en Puno.   [1] Pueblo Aimara (Aymara), pueblo indígena que abarca la zona del altiplano de los departamentos de Puno, Moquegua y Tacna en Perú, así como presencia en Argentina, Bolivia y Chile. [2]   Índice de desarrollo humano, indicador que mide el progreso, utilizado desde 1990, por el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD).   [1] Pueblo Aimara (Aymara), pueblo indígena que abarca la zona del altiplano de los departamentos de Puno, Moquegua y Tacna en Perú, así como presencia en Argentina, Bolivia y Chile. [2]   Índice de desarrollo humano, indicador que mide el progreso, utilizado desde 1990, por el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD)

STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN AXILLARY AND MESENTERIC LYMPH NODES IN CHEMOTHERAPY AND SURGICAL TREATMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL MAMMARY TUMOR

Was conducted histological study axillary and mesenteric lymph nodes in breast cancer induced by intramammary administration of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, chemotherapy according to the CMF scheme (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil), operative removal of breast tumors (6.5 months from the beginning of the experiment). The results of the study. At chemotherapy of breast cancer, compared with the group with breast cancer without treatment, there was a decrease in the number of tumor cells in the axillary lymph nodes in comparison with mesenteric lymph nodes. The decrease in the area of the paracortical zone and the area of secondary lymphoid nodes remain in the axillary lymph nodes, in comparison with breast cancer without treatment. The reduction of the paracortical zone square remains in mesenteric lymph nodes. The area of lymphoid nodules with germinative centers decreases. The number of postcapillary venules with high endothelium and the number of macrophages in structural zones grow down. In the axillary lymph nodes after surgical treatment of breast cancer and chemotherapy in comparison with the treatment of breast cancer only with cytostatics, there is decrease in the area of the paracortical zone (with an increase in the number of small lymphocytes) and medullare cords. The area of lymphoid nodules with germinative and without germinative centers increases. In mesenteric lymph nodes, drainage function is reduced, increased the area of the paracortical zone, reduced the areas of lymphoid nodules with germinative centers and medullare cords (increased proliferative activity of cells), macrophage reaction in the cortical substance was revealed. Conclusion. The severity of structural transformations in cytoarchitectonics of the axillary and mesenteric lymph nodes depends on the treatment method

Cytoskeletal Polarization of T Cells Is Regulated by an Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-based Activation Motif–dependent Mechanism

Abstract. Binding of a T cell to an appropriate antigen-presenting cell (APC) induces the rapid reorientation of the T cell cytoskeleton and secretory apparatus towards the cell–cell contact site in a T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and peptide/major histocompatibility complex–dependent process. Such T cell polarization directs the delivery of cytokines and cytotoxic mediators towards the APC and contributes to the highly selective and specific action of effector T cells. To study the signaling pathways that regulate cytoskeletal rearrangements in T lymphocytes, we set up a conjugate formation assay using Jurkat T cells as effectors and cell-sized latex beads coated with various antibodies as artificial APCs. Here, we report that beads coated with antibodies specific for the TCR-CD3 complex were sufficient to induce T cell polarization towards the bead attachment site, as judged by reorientation of the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) and localized actin polymerization. Thus, these cytoskeletal changes did not depend on activation of additional coreceptors. Moreover, single subunits of the TCR complex, namely TCR-ζ and CD3ε, were equally effective in inducing cytoskeletal polarization. However, mutagenesis of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs), present three times in TCR-ζ and once in CD3ε, revealed that the induction of cytoskeletal rearrangements required the presence of at least one intact ITAM. In agreement with this result, lack of functional Lck, the protein tyrosine kinase responsible for ITAM phosphorylation, abolished both MTOC reorientation and polarized actin polymerization. Both inhibitor and transient overexpression studies demonstrated that MTOC reorientation could occur in the absence of Ras activation. Our results suggest that APC-induced T cell polarization is a TCR-mediated event that is coupled to the TCR by the same signaling motif as TCR-induced gene activation, but diverges in its distal signaling requirements

CORRELATION BETWEEN CYTOKINE CONTENT IN LYMPH OF THORACIC LYMPH DUCT AND MESENTERIC LYMPH NODE STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN EXPERIMENTAL MAMMARY TUMOR AND CHEMOTHERAPY

The aim of the study was to fulfill correlation analysis of morphometry of the mesenteric lymph nodes and the concentration of cytokines in the lymph of the thoracic duct in breast cancer induced by intramammary administration of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, chemotherapy according to the CMF scheme (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil). The results of the study. At breast cancer revealed positive correlation: in the germinative centers and medullary cords of cytokine IL-5 with mitotically dividing cells, chemokines MIP-1α with average lymphocytes, in the germinative centers of immunoblasts with cytokine GRO/KC, in the paracortical zone chemokine MCP-1 with macrophages, reticular cells with IL-6 and M-CSF, in the medullary sinuses chemokine GRO/KC with small lymphocytes and mature plasma cells (number which decreases). All this may indicate the activity of the local immune response in the lymph nodes aimed on the antitumor protection. After chemotherapy of breast cancer, compared with breast cancer without treatment, revealed positive relationship, which may indicate increased immunomodulatory and antitumor actions of cytokines: correlation of interferon IFNγ with small lymphocytes (number which increased) and macrophages in the germinative centers and mitotically dividing cells in the medullary cords, correlation in the germinative centers of immunoblasts with MIP-1α and increased of number small lymphocytes in T-dependent zone lymph nodes, correlation in medullary cords of interleukin IL-17 with mature plasma cells (number which increased) , correlation of interleukin IL-18 with mature plasma cells in medullary sinuses. Conclusion. Study of the correlation of the concentration of cytokines in the lymph of the thoracic duct with structural changes in the mesenteric lymph nodes revealed dependencies aimed at increasing the immunomodulating and antitumor effects of cytokines

Expression levels of uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase genes in breast tissue from healthy women are associated with mammographic density

Introduction Mammographic density (MD), as assessed from film screen mammograms, is determined by the relative content of adipose, connective and epithelial tissue in the female breast. In epidemiological studies, a high percentage of MD confers a four to six fold risk elevation of developing breast cancer, even after adjustment for other known breast cancer risk factors. However, the biologic correlates of density are little known. Methods Gene expression analysis using whole genome arrays was performed on breast biopsies from 143 women; 79 women with no malignancy (healthy women) and 64 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients, both included from mammographic centres. Percent MD was determined using a previously validated, computerized method on scanned mammograms. Significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) was performed to identify genes influencing MD and a linear regression model was used to assess the independent contribution from different variables to MD. Results SAM-analysis identified 24 genes differentially expressed between samples from breasts with high and low MD. These genes included three uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) genes and the oestrogen receptor gene (ESR1). These genes were down-regulated in samples with high MD compared to those with low MD. The UGT gene products, which are known to inactivate oestrogen metabolites, were also down-regulated in tumour samples compared to samples from healthy individuals. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the UGT genes associated with the expression of UGT and other genes in their vicinity were identified. Conclusions Three UGT enzymes were lower expressed both in breast tissue biopsies from healthy women with high MD and in biopsies from newly diagnosed breast cancers. The association was strongest amongst young women and women using hormonal therapy. UGT2B10 predicts MD independently of age, hormone therapy and parity. Our results indicate that down-regulation of UGT genes in women exposed to female sex hormones is associated with high MD and might increase the risk of breast cancer

Retinoblastoma Loss Modulates DNA Damage Response Favoring Tumor Progression

Senescence is one of the main barriers against tumor progression. Oncogenic signals in primary cells result in oncogene-induced senescence (OIS), crucial for protection against cancer development. It has been described in premalignant lesions that OIS requires DNA damage response (DDR) activation, safeguard of the integrity of the genome. Here we demonstrate how the cellular mechanisms involved in oncogenic transformation in a model of glioma uncouple OIS and DDR. We use this tumor type as a paradigm of oncogenic transformation. In human gliomas most of the genetic alterations that have been previously identified result in abnormal activation of cell growth signaling pathways and deregulation of cell cycle, features recapitulated in our model by oncogenic Ras expression and retinoblastoma (Rb) inactivation respectively. In this scenario, the absence of pRb confers a proliferative advantage and activates DDR to a greater extent in a DNA lesion-independent fashion than cells that express only HRasV12. Moreover, Rb loss inactivates the stress kinase DDR-associated p38MAPK by specific Wip1-dependent dephosphorylation. Thus, Rb loss acts as a switch mediating the transition between premalignant lesions and cancer through DDR modulation. These findings may have important implications for the understanding the biology of gliomas and anticipate a new target, Wip1 phosphatase, for novel therapeutic strategies