CFT4 as SO(4,2)-invariant TFT2

54 pages, 7 figures; version 2: Published version - extended discussion of CFT4/TFT2 in terms of emergent space-time; refs added; typos correctedOpen Access funded by SCOAP³ - Sponsoring Consortium for Open Access Publishing in Particle Physic

Interactions as intertwiners in 4D QFT

42 pages, 3 figures42 pages, 3 figures42 pages, 3 figuresIn a recent paper we showed that the correlators of free scalar field theory in four dimensions can be constructed from a two dimensional topological field theory based on so(4,2) equivariant maps (intertwiners). The free field result, along with results of Frenkel and Libine on equivariance properties of Feynman integrals, are developed further in this paper. We show that the coefficient of the log term in the 1-loop 4-point conformal integral is a projector in the tensor product of so(4,2) representations. We also show that the 1-loop 4-point integral can be written as a sum of four terms, each associated with the quantum equation of motion for one of the four external legs. The quantum equation of motion is shown to be related to equivariant maps involving indecomposable representations of so(4,2), a phenomenon which illuminates multiplet recombination. The harmonic expansion method for Feynman integrals is a powerful tool for arriving at these results. The generalization to other interactions and higher loops is discussed

From Matrix Models and quantum fields to Hurwitz space and the absolute Galois group

54 pages, 17 figures54 pages, 17 figures54 pages, 17 figuresWe show that correlators of the hermitian one-Matrix model with a general potential can be mapped to the counting of certain triples of permutations and hence to counting of holomorphic maps from world-sheet to sphere target with three branch points on the target. This allows the use of old matrix model results to derive new explicit formulae for a class of Hurwitz numbers. Holomorphic maps with three branch points are related, by Belyi's theorem, to curves and maps defined over algebraic numbers \bmQ. This shows that the string theory dual of the one-matrix model at generic couplings has worldsheets defined over the algebraic numbers and a target space \mP^1 (\bmQ). The absolute Galois group Gal (\bmQ / \mQ) acts on the Feynman diagrams of the 1-matrix model, which are related to Grothendieck's Dessins d'Enfants. Correlators of multi-matrix models are mapped to the counting of triples of permutations subject to equivalences defined by subgroups of the permutation groups. This is related to colorings of the edges of the Grothendieck Dessins. The colored-edge Dessins are useful as a tool for describing some known invariants of the Gal (\bmQ / \mQ) action on Grothendieck Dessins and for defining new invariants

A patient's experience of a new post-operative patient-controlled analgesic technique

A patient underwent major spinal surgery, twice within a 3 week period. On the first occasion his post-operative pain was managed by conventional morphine patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). After the second procedure his pain was managed by a patient-controlled computer-assisted titration of alfentanil. This provided the opportunity to compare the efficacy of these two drug regimens in the same subject. The results showed comparable quality of analgesia and sedation and similar effects on respiration. However, the patient expressed a preference for morphine PCA.published_or_final_versio

Modul Diklat PKB Guru SMK Paket Keahlian Akomodasi Perhotelan D

Modul Guru Pembelajar Paket Keahlian A komodasi P erhotelan SMK ini terdiri atas 2 materi pokok, yaitu : materi profesional dan materi pedagogik. Masi ng - masing materi dilengkapi dengan tujuan, indikator pencapaian kompetensi, uraian materi, aktivitas pembelajaran, latihan dan kasus, rangkuman, umpan balik dan tindak lanjut, kunci jawaban serta evaluasi pembelajaran

The effect of premedication on oxygen saturation during the post-premedication period in 20 Chinese children undergoing elective surgery

Peri-operative continuous pulse oximetric data were studied in healthy Chinese children randomly allocated to receive either pethidine 1 mg kg-1 and atropine 0.02 mg kg-1 intramuscularly 90 min prior to surgery (n=10), or midazolam 0.5 mg kg-1 and atropine 0.02 mg kg-1 orally, 120 min before surgery (n=10). Data were collected during the night before surgery, after premedication and for 8h post-operatively. The pulse oximeter (Nellcor N-200E) output was retrospectively evaluated using Satmaster(®), a computer programme which permits storage, retrieval, signal evaluation and compilation of oximetric data. There was no significant difference in the frequency, duration, or magnitude of desaturation episodes recorded during the post-premedication period compared to the desaturation episodes which occurred in the same child during normal sleep, on the night before surgery. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the desaturation data between the two premedicant regimens. No child recorded a genuine desaturation less than 80% for longer than 15s at any time during the study. Neither regimen significantly depressed saturation in otherwise healthy children presenting for minor surgical procedures.published_or_final_versio

Peri-operative administration of rectal diclofenac sodium. The effect on renal function in patients undergoing minor orthopaedic surgery

In a randomized, double-blind study, we administered placebo and diclofenac sodium 100 mg suppositories 1 h pre-operatively and on the first post-operative morning to 22 adult patients undergoing minor orthopaedic surgery. A standardized post-operative intravenous fluid regimen was instituted until oral fluids were tolerated. Renal function was assessed pre-operatively, and on the first and second post-operative days by the measurement of urine output, creatinine, urea, sodium, potassium and NAG (N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase) levels and serum creatinine, urea, sodium and potassium concentrations. On the first postoperative day, the diclofenac group demonstrated a reduced urinary sodium excretion. On the second postoperative day, a reduced urinary NAG/creatinine ratio was observed in the diclofenac group when compared to placebo. We conclude that peri-operative administration of diclofenac causes changes in renal function consistent with prostaglandin inhibition on the first post-operative day but had no lasting adverse effects in this group of patients. Our results reinforce the need for caution when administering this drug in the context of pre-existing renal impairment.published_or_final_versio

Spatially and genetically distinct African trypanosome virulence variants defined by host interferon-g response

We describe 2 spatially distinct foci of human African trypansomiasis in eastern Uganda. The Tororo and Soroti foci of <i>Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense</i> infection were genetically distinct as characterized by 6 microsatellite and 1 minisatellite polymorphic markers and were characterized by differences in disease progression and host-immune response. In particular, infections with the Tororo genotype exhibited an increased frequency of progression to and severity of the meningoencephalitic stage and higher plasma interferon (IFN)–γ concentration, compared with those with the Soroti genotype. We propose that the magnitude of the systemic IFN-γ response determines the time at which infected individuals develop central nervous system infection and that this is consistent with the recently described role of IFN-γ in facilitating blood-brain barrier transmigration of trypanosomes in an experimental model of infection. The identification of trypanosome isolates with differing disease progression phenotypes provides the first field-based genetic evidence for virulence variants in T. <i>brucei rhodesiense</i>

Surprisingly Simple Spectra

The large N limit of the anomalous dimensions of operators in ${\cal N}=4$ super Yang-Mills theory described by restricted Schur polynomials, are studied. We focus on operators labeled by Young diagrams that have two columns (both long) so that the classical dimension of these operators is O(N). At large N these two column operators mix with each other but are decoupled from operators with $n\ne 2$ columns. The planar approximation does not capture the large N dynamics. For operators built with 2, 3 or 4 impurities the dilatation operator is explicitly evaluated. In all three cases, in a certain limit, the dilatation operator is a lattice version of a second derivative, with the lattice emerging from the Young diagram itself. The one loop dilatation operator is diagonalized numerically. All eigenvalues are an integer multiple of $8g_{YM}^2$ and there are interesting degeneracies in the spectrum. The spectrum we obtain for the one loop anomalous dimension operator is reproduced by a collection of harmonic oscillators. This equivalence to harmonic oscillators generalizes giant graviton results known for the BPS sector and further implies that the Hamiltonian defined by the one loop large $N$ dilatation operator is integrable. This is an example of an integrable dilatation operator, obtained by summing both planar and non-planar diagrams.Comment: 34 page